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Rising cost of living in Nigeria: implications on the welfare of aged women
Full text linkThis paper delves into the impact of rising living costs on older women, using empirical evidence and theoretical frameworks to elucidate the complex ramifications of financial strain. Aged women are chosen for examination due to their vulnerability to economic hardships, stemming from fixed incomes and increased healthcare needs. The study aims to illuminate the specific challenges faced by elderly women amidst economic turbulence, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding their welfare for societal stability. It highlights the significance of addressing the welfare concerns of elderly women within the context of escalating living expenses, emphasizing tailored interventions to protect their well-being. The rising cost of living is characterized by a persistent increase in the prices of essential goods and services, dri ven by factors such as inflation and currency devaluation. This phenomenon affects elderly women in various ways, including financial distress and limited access to healthcare. Direct consequences include heightened economic adversity and decreased purchasing power, while indirect effects extend to the broader population through disrupted family dynamics and strained support systems. Recommendations for mitigating these impacts include targeted social welfare initiatives and enhanced healthcare access, with anticipated benefits including improved financial stability and social integration for elderly women, ultimately contributing to a more equitable and resilient societ
Comparative study of virtual methods used for library service delivery among librarians in Southern Nigeria private universities
No full textThis study examined the virtual methods of service delivery being deployed by librarians in private universities in Nigeria. The objective of the study was to analyse the virtual methods of service delivery among librarians and determine the predominant method used among the librarians. Survey research design was adopted for the study. Total enumeration technique was adopted for the study. A population of 181 librarians from 45 private universities in Southern Nigeria were involved. Data were gathered, analysed and presented using frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation. The study found that librarians used different virtual methods of service delivery. Library website 157 (90%) and e-mail 132 (76.3%) were the prominent electronic media used by librarians while Facebook 59 (34%) and Whatsapp 57 (32.9%) were the predominant social media platforms applied for service delivery by librarians. Electronic media were more used for latest publications arrival, as well as library education and document delivery services while social media were more used for reference services and selective dissemination of information. In conclusion, virtual methods of service delivery were deployed by librarians in private universities for service delivery. In comparing the virtual methods, librarians used more of electronic media than social media to deliver services to their users. Therefore, electronic media were predominantly used than social media, many of the virtual methods were found to be underutilised while recommendations were proffered
Awareness, knowledge and use of online survey tools amongst researchers in Nigerian higher institutions
No full textThere is a growing prevalence of online survey for academic research. This can be attributed to the great impact of online survey tools on the researchers’ ability to easily develop, disseminate instruments, assemble and analyze data. Though many researchers in the advanced world have become very prone to the use of online survey, their counterparts in the developing economy are still struggling in the adoption of this invaluable tool. This study examines the level of awareness, knowledge and use of online survey tools amongst academic researchers in Nigeria. Questionnaire instrument was used for data collection. The population used for the study consists of eighty academic researchers in higher institutions spread across various parts of Nigeria. The study found that although there is a high level of awareness and preference to online survey tools by Nigerian researchers, yet there is a very low level of knowledge and usage of online survey tools by Nigerian researchers. The reason being that the researchers lack the basic prerequisite skills needed for the processing and development of online survey, amongst other challenges. The study ascertained that Survey Monkey was the most popular and predominantly used survey tool by Nigerian researchers, followed by Survey PRO and Zoomrang.
The study advocated for trainings and workshops on the use of the survey tools in higher institutions in Nigeria, which could be facilitated by the survey tools’ designers in collaboration with higher institutions in Nigeri
DATA FOR ASSESSMENT OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL BIOLOGY TEACHERS' AND STUDENTS' ATTITUDE TOWARDS COVID-19 IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThe World Health Organization's record of 5th July 2023 shows that confirmed global cases and deaths of COVID-19 have scaled up to 767 726 861 and 6 948 764 respectively, while the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) had earlier given a situation report on the 26th of February 2023 that there were cumulative numbers of 266 313 confirmed cases and 3 155 deaths from inception of COVID-19 in Nigeria: and 10 350 confirmed cases and 202 deaths in Oyo State. These may have caused heightened anxiety and emotional imbalances that may reflect in the attitude of the citizens of Nigeria across different sectors, including the educational sector, hence the assessment of senior secondary school Biology teachers’ and students’ attitude towards COVID-19 in Oyo State, Nigeria.
The study adopted a descriptive research survey design with two research questions, and one research hypothesis. The sample size of the study included 620 Biology students (31 students per school) and 20 Biology teachers (1 teacher per school) from 20 senior secondary schools across 5 Local Government Areas in Oyo State. Two research instruments were used to collect data from respondents, these were Biology Teachers’ Attitude towards COVID-19 Questionnaire (r = 0.83) and Biology Students Attitude towards COVID-19 Questionnaire (r = 0.79). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as per centage (%), mean, and standard deviation; and inferential statistics such as Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient. This study revealed that senior secondary school Biology teachers and students in Oyo State had positive attitude (with 2.58 weighted mean and 2.52 weighted mean respectively) towards COVID-19; a weak positive relationship that is not significant (r = 0.34; p>0.05) exist between them.
Conclusively, the study revealed that teachers’ and students’ participants had positive attitude towards COVID-19. This is an assurance that they were prepared in attitude relating to the disease if there should be a resurgence. However, the relationships in attitude between teachers and students towards the disease was not significant, indicating a gap that needed to be filled
Critical interventions of old students’ associations for secondary school welfare in Oyo state, Nigeria
No full textStakeholders in educational institutions like business organisations, parent teachers’ association and old students’ association have been encouraged by governments to participate in the development of schools in Nigeria. The old students’ associations’ interventions, especially, in the south western Nigeria are widespread but the interventions are not well documented and guided by government policies. This paper identified few organised old students’ associations in Oyo state, Nigeria and it examined the contributions they have made to the welfare of secondary schools. Findings showed that building of classrooms, supply of school equipment, donation of laboratory facilities, scholarship and awards are areas of intervention that old students' associations have made most impacts in Oyo State, Nigeria
A thesis in the Department of SPECIAL EDUCATION submitted to the Faculty of Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D.) of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
Full text linkStudents with Visual Impairment (SVI) experience difficulties with sight-related activities and this hinders them from acquiring functional life skills like reading, which are important for success in academics and life in general. Reports have shown that many SVI in Imo State exhibit low achievement in English language comprehension. Previous studies have focused largely on provision, and the use of assistive technology as well as mobility training for SVI with little emphasis on interventions using braille and digital audio supported reading techniques for improving their reading comprehension skills. This study, therefore, was designed to determine the effects of Braille Reading (BR) and Digital Audio-supported Reading (DAsR) techniques on achievement in English language comprehension among SVI in Imo State, Nigeria. The moderating effects of onset of visual impairment and Emotional Intelligence (EI) were also examined. The study was anchored to Lev Vygotsky's Socio-cultural Theory, while a pretest-posttest, control group quasi-experimental design with a 3x2x2 factorial matrix was adopted. Three integrated public secondary schools (Boys’ Secondary School, Aboh, BSA; Girls’ Secondary School, Orlu, GSO; and Government Secondary School, Owerri, GSSO), were purposively selected. A screening conducted using the Snellen Chart revealed that there were only 17 SVI in the three integrated schools. All the 17 SVI were enumerated across the schools: BSA (8), GSO (5) and GSSO (4). The schools were randomly assigned to BR (8), DAsR (5) and control (4) groups. The instruments used were Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (r=0.78), Achievement in English Language Comprehension Test (r=0.79) and instructional guides. The treatment lasted eight weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Analysis of covariance and Scheffe post-hoc test at 0.05 level of significance. The participants’ age was 16.35 ± 1.12 years, while 59.0% acquired visual impairment after birth. There was a significant main effect of treatment on achievement in English language comprehension among the participants (F (1.7) =3.21, partial = 0.39). Participants exposed to BR had the highest post mean achievement score in English language comprehension (53.06), followed by those in DAsR (45.34) and control (39.16) groups. Onset of visual impairment had no significant main effect on achievement in English language comprehension of the participants. The EI had no significant main effect on the achievement in English language comprehension of the participants. Treatment and onset of visual impairment had significant interaction effect on the achievement in English language comprehension of the participants (F (1,7) = 3.41, partial = 0.17). The two-way and three-way interaction effects of treatment and onset of visual impairment, treatment and EI, treatment, onset of visual impairment and EI, respectively were not significant on achievement in English language comprehension of the participants. Braille reading more than Digital audio-supported reading enhanced achievement in English language comprehension among students with visual impairment in Imo State, Nigeria. Special Educators should use both reading techniques in teaching students with visual impairment to enhance their achievement in English language comprehension
A thesis in the Department of SPECIAL EDUCATION Submitted to the Faculty of Education in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
Full text linkQuantitative Reasoning Skills (QRS), the ability to apply basic mathematical skills to solve practical life situations, are essential for successful schooling and survival in the society. However, many Pupils with Learning Disabilities (PwLD) in Uyo, Nigeria have low QRS, which partly accounts for their poor performance in mathematics and other life vocations. Previous studies concentrated more on the problem of teaching reading and development of strategies for improving reading skills among PwLD than on intervention to improve their QRS. This study, therefore, was carried out to determine the effect of Guided Discovery Strategy (GDS) and Model-Lead-Test Strategy (MLTS) on QRS of PwLD in Uyo, Nigeria. The moderating effects of gender and mathematics anxiety were also examined. The study was anchored on information Processing Theory, while the pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design, with a 3x2x3 factorial matrix was adopted. The multi-stage sampling procedure was used. Three Local Government Areas (LGAs) were randomly selected from the nine in Uyo, while three primary schools with high student enrolment were purposively selected (one from each LGA). Initial screening involved teacher nomination of underachieving primary five pupils in the classroom. Sixty PwLDs were selected after further screening using the Slosson Intelligence Test and the Pupil Rating Scale. The schools were randomly assigned to GDS (20), MLTS (20), and Control (20) groups. The instruments used were Slosson Intelligence Test (r=0.74), Pupils Rating scale (0.90), Mathematics Anxiety Scale for Children (r=0.92), Quantitative Reasoning Deficit Scale (r=0.88) and Quantitative Reasoning Achievement Test (r=0.75). Data were subjected to descriptive statistics, Analysis of covariance, and Scheffe Post-hoc test at 0.05 level of significance. The majority of the participants (57.0%) were female, and 62.0% had high mathematics anxiety. There was a significant main effect of treatment on QRSs (F(2;47)=17.67; partial =0.43). The participants exposed to GDS obtained the highest mean score (49.86), followed by those in MLTS (44.41) and those in the control group (32.05). There was a significant main effect of gender on QRSs (F(2;47)=9.34; partial = 0.00) in favour of males in GDS. There was a significant main effect of mathematics anxiety on QRSs (F(2;47)=7.97; partial =0.02). The participants with low mathematics anxiety had a higher mean score (39.62) than those with high mathematics anxiety (28.21). There was a significant interaction effect of treatment and mathematics anxiety on QRSs (F(2;47)=8.84; partial =0.08). The interaction effect of treatment and gender; gender and mathematics anxiety as well as the three way interaction effects were not significant. Guided discovery strategy, more than model-lead-test strategy, enhanced quantitative reasoning skills of pupils with learning disabilities in Uyo, Nigeria particularly among those with low mathematics anxiety. These strategies should be adopted by teachers in order to enhance quantitative reasoning skills of pupils with learning disabilities
Athesisinthe Department of SOCIOLOGY Submittedto theFaculty of the Socialpartial fulfilment of the requirements for DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
Full text linkCervicalCancer(CC),apreventablemalignanttumourinwomen’s cervixes, is one of the most common causes of maternal deaths in developing countries. Despite its preventability through regular Cervical Cancer Screening (CCS), it is the second most common cancer responsible for gynaecological morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. Studies on CC have largely focused on its biomedical contexts, with little attention paid to the social contexts affecting the knowledge and attitudes towards the uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening (CCS). This study, therefore, investigated the awareness, knowledge, attitudes, perceptions of risks, and the socio-cultural factors influencing the uptake of CCS among women in Oyo State, Nigeria.
The Health Belief Model was adopted, while the mixed methods, comprising a cross-sectional survey design, was utilised. Oyo State was purposively selected based on the availability of a functional cancer registry. Two Local Government Areas (LGAs) were randomly selected from each of the three senatorial districts. Using Leslie Kish’s (1965) formula, a sample of 960 respondents was determined based on the projected 2019 population of these LGAs. A questionnaire on the socio-economic, attitude, knowledge, perception of the risk factors, and accessibility to screening centres and health workers was systematically administered to women (aged 20-60 years) in the selected LGAs - Oluyole (189), Oyo West (126), Irepo (109), Ogbomosho North (178), Ibarapa-North (91) and Ibadan South-West (267) LGAs. Questionnaire was proportionally administered based on the LGAs’ population. In-depth interviews were conducted with six community leaders, six women and eight religious leaders. Key informant interviews were conducted with four physicians and 12 nurses\midwives. Three focus group discussions were held with married men. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi square and multiple regression at p≤0.05, while the qualitative data were content-analysed.
The respondents’ age was 34.67±11.91 years, 86.0% earned below ₦45,000 monthly, and 65.3% were married. Awareness of CC was low (38.0%) based on the misconception of its causes, and it varied by income (χ2=14.92), education (χ2=36.77) and employment (χ2=54.87) status. Knowledge about the causes of CC was poor, as 49.3% had knowledge about its symptoms. Socio-cultural factors jointly predicted uptake of CCS (R=0.21, R2 =0.05, Adjusted R2=0.04, (F (4,929) =10.90). Knowledge of CC insignificantly contributed to CCS uptake (β=0.02). Perceived benefit (β=0.54), perceived severity (β=-0.02) and cervical cancer risk perception (β=0.21), independently contributed to the uptake of CCS. More than half (60.0%) had negative attitude towards CCS uptake. Womanhood (62.6%), promiscuity (56.3%), smoking habit (53.7%), and family history (47.0%) were the reported risk factors for CC. A majority of the male discussants associated jejere enu ile-omo with prostitution. The use of herbs, role of diviners, spousal support, and religious beliefs influenced uptake of CCS. The cost of CCS, location of CCS centres, fear of stigmatisation, and perceived pains limited CCS uptake.
Poor knowledge and awareness ofcervicalcancernegativelyinfluencedattitudestowardscervicalcancerscreeningamongwomeninOyoState,Nigeria.Amultistakeholderholisticframework to motivate positive awareness and uptake ofcervical cancer screening is recommended
An assessment of leadership requirements for building strong libraries, strong library associations and strong societies
No full textIn: V. Okojie, I. Abdullahi, International library and information science practice, excellence in leadership, management and mentorship: a festschrift in honour of Dr. Helena Asamoah-Hassan. Pp. 259 - 280The chapter assesses leadership requirements for building strong libraries, library associations and societies in Nigeria, considering leadership traits, styles, leadership expectations of associations and what constitutes strong societies. A survey research design was adopted for the study in which university librarians were surveyed. Questionnaire was used to gather data. The data was analyzed using percentages and mean. It was found that preferred leadership traits and style for strong libraries, associations and societies are creativity, integrity, communication, passion, and vision that could be applied to transformational leadership. Library association leaders should demonstrate exemplary leadership with some elements of empathy, which translates to strong libraries and by extension strong societies where members possessing high literacy are empowered to contribute to the actualization of the mission and vision of the society. Recommendations are made on approach to development of the requisite leadership traits and styles necessary to build strong libraries, library associations and. ultimately, strong societies globall
English Summary Writing Instruction: Boosting Students' Achievement with Collaborative Strategies
Full text linkThe study determined the effects of reciprocal teaching and direct reading and thinking activities strategies on English summary achievement of 300 SSII students in six intact classes in senior secondary schools in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. Three hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. English Summary Achievement Test (r=0.87) and instructional guide were the instruments for data collection. Treatment lasted six weeks. Findings revealed that the two strategies improved students achievement in English summary writing, but gender had no significant main and interaction effects on achievement.Teachers of English are enjoined to adopt both strategies in teaching English summary writing