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The Slavic Congress in Slovak Historical Memory
No full textThe Slavic Congress of May 1848 was one of the significant milestones in the revolutionary year of 1848. In Slovak historical and journalistic writing, there is a surprising contrast between the evaluation of the congress as the first occasion for the presentation of Slovak demands in an international forum on the one hand, and the modest treatment of the issue in the form of source editions and in-depth analyses on the other. This was due to the fact that great expectations were replaced by disappointment, and the quality of the returns associated with the event and its place in historical memory corresponded to this. The Slavic Congress was the subject of extensive ideological instrumentalization and remained subject to considerable manipulation, obfuscation, and distorted interpretations by contemporaries and later publicists, politicians, and historians (after 1948 in the service of communist politics). This is what this article is about. Numerous inter-Slavic conflicts after the fall of communism leave virtually no room for the revival of Slavic ideas
A Story of Victimhood and Sacrifice? Self-Interpretation of the Fate of the Nation in Hungary and Belgium
No full textBoth in nineteenth-century Hungary and in Belgium, historians legitimizing the nation implied the people’s lack of freedom and suffering as a main theme in their narratives. The ‘myth of foreign occupations’ is crucial in their national narrative, as it was developed starting from the late eighteenth century, and with greater strength after the establishment of Belgium as an independent state in 1830. This implies that since the submission by the Romans in the first century BC, the Belgians had always been dominated by ‘foreign’ dynasties until they finally obtained freedom with the Belgian Revolution and independence. This is a romantic reinterpretation of the past and a myth, as in their own time the dynasties were considered legitimate, and not seen as ‘foreign.’ The national story of the “eighteen centuries of suffering and struggling” (as the popular Flemish novelist Henri Conscience phrased it) emphasizes the love of freedom and the courageous resistance to suppression by Belgians and their heroes. At the same time though the idea of the people’s victimhood and martyrdom, sometimes with a religious connotation, was an important motive in the national historical culture. The religious element is even stronger in the work of nineteenth-century Hungarian romantic thinkers. In fact, they reformulated an older way of thinking: When in 1526 the medieval Hungarian Kingdom collapsed and was divided into three parts, contemporaries tried to understand and explain this tragedy in biblical terms. The Bible teaches that people’s sins cause historical failures, but there is always hope because the sin and its punishment are proportional: Once we have suffered enough, the Almighty will help and support us if we deserve it. A pertinent example of the nineteenth-century rephrasing of this idea is the poem Himnusz [Hymn] by Ferenc Kölcsey, the official anthem of Hungary today. The motive faded in the second half of the century, due to the successes of modernization, but in the twentieth century, after the defeat of the dualistic monarchy in World War I, and under the weight of the severe pressure of the Trianon Peace Treaty, the mythology of victimhood was reborn. In Belgian historiography, it the idea of the ‘suppressed nation’ was taken over by the Flemish sub-nation, the Belgian state now presented by radical Flemish nationalists as a new (Francophone) oppressor.
Beyond Prague: The Congress of the Slavs in 1848 and Its Echo within the Reach of the Habsburg Monarchy
No full textThe return of the anniversary of an event, especially if it is a round year, always seems to be a good occasion to take a fresh look at historical events and bring them to the attention of a wider public, whether at the local or regional level, or on a supraregional or even supranational scale, depending on how vivid the memory is. The texts presented below are selected contributions to a conference entitled 175 Years Congress of the Slavs (1848–2023). History – Ideas – Commemoration that was organized at the site of the historic event in Prague. The Prague ‘Congress of the Slavs’ (from June 2 to 12, 1848) was one element in a chain of events that shook the order established by the European powers at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, beginning with the February Revolution in France and continuing to the suppression of the Hungarian independence movement in the summer of 1849
Kert, kultúra, tudomány: Kristály Ágnes – Fráter Erzsébet (szerk.): Kína a kertek anyja. Írások és tanulmányok Kósa Géza emlékére. (Konfuciusz Könyvtár 7.) Budapest: ELTE Konfuciusz Intézet, 2024
Get PDFReview of the Hungarian volume Kína a kertek anyja. Írások és tanulmányok Kósa Géza emlékére (Ágnes Kristály, Erzsébet Fráter eds.) by Réka Borsódi.Borsódi Réka recenziója a Kína a kertek anyja. Írások és tanulmányok Kósa Géza emlékére című kötetről (szerk.: Kristály Ágnes – Fráter Erzsébet)
Multikulturális megközelítések a magyarországi tanodákban
Get PDFOur study investigated the multicultural knowledge and attitudes of staff working in Hungarian afterschool programs for underprivileged children, known locally as "tanodas," and how these factors influence their professional practice. We conducted in-depth interviews with 18 staff members across 8 afterschool programs and analyzed the data using content analysis methods. The research revealed a clear dichotomy in multicultural awareness among afterschool program staff. One group demonstrated a solid understanding of multicultural education, including its principles and dimensions, and actively applied this knowledge in their work. The other group lacked familiarity with multicultural education concepts, having neither studied nor encountered them previously. This divide was evident throughout the study, manifesting in how staff articulated pedagogical goals and approached problem-solving scenarios. Staff members with higher multicultural awareness exhibited a more nuanced approach to their work. Their practices aligned with key theoretical frameworks in the literature, showcasing a dynamic interplay between compensatory, pluralistic, and transformative approaches to multicultural education. These findings underscore the importance of multicultural training and awareness in afterschool programs serving diverse, underprivileged communities, and suggest potential areas for professional development and policy intervention.Kutatásunkban arra kerestük a választ, hogy a tanodai dolgozók milyen multikulturális tudással és attitűddel rendelkeznek, és ez hogyan jelenik meg munkájukban. A kutatás során 8 tanodában 18 tanodai munkatárssal készítettünk interjúkat, melyeket a tartalomelemzés módszerével dolgoztunk fel. A kutatás két nagy csoportot vázolt fel a tanodai dolgozók multikulturális tudatosságát illetően: az egyik csoportba tartoztak azok, aki tudták, mi a multikulturális nevelés, ismerték az elveit és dimenzióit, ezeket alkalmazták is, a másik csoportba tartoztak azok, akik nem tudták, mi a multikulturális nevelés, erről soha nem tanultak vagy olvastak. Ez a kettősség végig jelen volt, megjelent a pedagógiai célok megfogalmazásában és a helyzetmegoldásokban is. A multikulturálisan tudatosabb tanodai munkatársak szakmai munkájában megjelentek a szakirodalomban vázolt főbb megközelítéstípusok: a kompenzáló, a plurális és a transzformatív megközelítések dinamikus viszonya
A hallgatók részvétele hét magyar felsőoktatási intézmény életében és döntéshozatalában
No full textIn the past five decades, the participation of students has drawn broader attention towards the governance of higher education; thus, the focus hasn’t been only centred on the student life on campus but has shifted to the decision-making processes of higher education. Respectively, due to the increasing number of international students on mobility with the increase of scholarships worldwide, a better understanding of the students’ engagement is needed to comprehend how local and foreign students participate in university life, whether within the social aspect or within the decision-making processes, and what opportunities they get. Thus, this study explores the participation of students in Hungarian higher education institutions and compares the opportunities given to students. To explore and reveal the existing differences in the participation between Hungarian and International students, a survey was created and distributed among students of seven universities, through personal email letters sent to the relevant student unions. The data were descriptively analysed using the SPSS software comparing the seven universities, and the results showed that international and Hungarian students have similar perceptions regarding the students’ participation in the life and governance of higher education institutions, such as the language barrier, the dissemination of information, and time constraints. However, in some other cases, they have contradicting perceptions of the given opportunities. These aspects imply more research on the topic within every university and the practical strategies implemented to secure the available opportunities, reduce the lack of information and find the correct ways to communicate them.Az elmúlt öt évtized során egyre szélesedő hallgatói részvétel miatt a kutatói figyelem már nemcsak a campuson zajló hallgatói életre összpontosul, hanem a felsőoktatás döntéshozatali folyamataira is átterelődött. A világszerte növekvő számú ösztöndíjaknak köszönhetően egyre több nemzetközi hallgató vesz részt mobilitási programokban, ezért érdemes jobban megismernünk a hallgatók elkötelezettségét, hogy megértsük, hogyan vesznek részt az egyetemi életben, akár társadalmi vonatkozásban, akár a döntéshozatali folyamatokban, és milyen lehetőségeket kapnak mindehhez. Tanulmányunkban a fent jelzett kérdéskört vizsgáljuk. A magyar és a nemzetközi hallgatók részvételében meglévő különbségek feltárása és bemutatása érdekében kérdőívet készítettünk, amelyet hét egyetem hallgatói között terjesztettünk a hallgatói önkormányzatokon keresztül. Az adatokat leíró módon elemeztük az SPSS szoftver segítségével, összehasonlítva a hét egyetemet, és az eredmények azt mutatták, hogy a nemzetközi és a magyar hallgatók hasonlóan vélekednek a hallgatói részvételről a felsőoktatási intézmények életében és irányításában, például a nyelvi akadályok, az információterjesztés és az időkorlátok tekintetében. Egyes esetekben azonban ellentmondásosak a vélemények a rendelkezésre álló lehetőségekről. Ezek a szempontok további kutatásokat igényelnek az egyes egyetemeken belül, gyakorlati stratégiák kidolgozását a rendelkezésre álló lehetőségek kiaknázása terén, valamint az információhiány csökkentése és a megfelelő kommunikációs csatornák megtalálása érdekében
Leader without Followers? A Network Analysis Study on the Formation of the Mailberger Bund
Get PDFIn 1451/52, an opposition of the estates formed in the Duchy of Austria under the leadership of Ulrich von Eitzing against the ruling prince, King Frederick III. The aim of this so-called “Mailberger Bund” was to end Frederick’s guardianship over his cousin Ladislaus Postumus and transfer power to the latter. Although it was Ulrich von Eitzing who motivated a large part of the estates to participate in the Mailberger Bund, he was soon ousted from his leadership position by his allies. Using historical network analysis, this case study examines the extent to which Ulrich von Eitzing’s “social capital” that he brought to the league contributed to this loss of power. The study also contributes to the discussion of network analysis as a method in historical studies
The “Year Without a Summer” in Hungarian Literature
Get PDFToday, thanks to the climate change and the bicentennial, the 1815 eruption of the Tambora volcano and its effects on the Western World is a fairly well-researched topic. However, looking at Hungary, almost nothing is known about the impacts of the Tambora eruption, nor the cultural impacts of it. In this study, after listing the (mainly English) literary reverberations of the Tambora eruption, I deal with such works from Hungarian literature. Two contemporary and two classical authors’ works can be linked to the “Year Without a Summer”. In Janka Fábián’s historical novel, The Lovers of the Anna Ball, I present the determining role of weather and the appearance of further effects of the volcanic eruption. I briefly touch on the Villa Diodati Fragment cycle of the volume The Atlantis Tram by Zsolt Attila Pap, as it shows the atmosphere of the 1816 summer. In the case of the Eskimo scene of The Tragedy of Man by Imre Madách, I describe the play’s connection with ‘Darkness’ and thus with the “Year Without a Summer” as a mistake. Finally, I discuss in more detail two late apocalyptic poems by Mihály Vörösmarty and their peculiar reception history, arguing that ‘The Old Gypsy’ and the ‘Prologue’ can be linked to the “Year Without a Summer” of 1816 for several reasons
The Last Mummy: Representations of Colonialism in Czechoslovak Travelogues about Egypt in the 1950s and 1960s
Get PDFThis paper analyses travelogues published in the 1950s and 1960s by travellers visiting Egypt during this period, focusing on their role in shaping representations of colonialism, capitalism, and socialism. The narratives used in the travelogues served as a power instrument to depict the socialist regime as the “true path to development” and, in turn, to criticize the “exploitative” nature of colonial regimes and the capitalist system. The study shows the power that travellers’ narratives had in shaping the views of Czechoslovak citizens about events beyond their country’s borders, along with their influence on shaping colonial discourse, even though Czechoslovakia was never an active participant in colonial events.
Melancholy and Metamorphosis: The Self-Dissolving Aesthetics of László Krasznahorkai
Get PDFThis paper examines the poetics of decay and the philosophy of language in the oeuvre of László Krasznahorkai, arguing that his prose unfolds as a sustained process of transformation, repetition, and self-reflection. His novels appear as variations on a single metaphysical theme—the impossibility of total expression and the ceaseless reconfiguration of meaning. Through recurring motifs and shifting perspectives, Krasznahorkai’s writing enacts the tension between the longing for linguistic precision and the inevitable failure of language to convey transcendence. Ruin emerges as a central metaphor, embodying both existential disintegration and aesthetic renewal. In dialogue with Anselm Kiefer’s visual art and Albrecht Dürer’s Melencolia I, Krasznahorkai’s work aligns with a Romantic and post-metaphysical tradition, thus also connecting to Cormac McCarthy’s post-apocalyptic visions—where melancholy functions as a generative creative force. Ultimately, Krasznahorkai’s art reveals a poetics of perpetual self-dissolution, where what collapses philosophically is redeemed through aesthetic form