Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest - Open Access Journals
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A bölcsesség fejlődése és taníthatósága a felsőoktatásban
No full textThe next paradigm change in human history will be the shift from the knowledge society towards the wise society where the role of education in cultivating wisdom of students becomes essential. This conceptual paper asks: How does wisdom evolve and how can its development be taught? The research method is based on critical realism research philosophy, abductive theory building approach. Data is collected with a critical integrative literature review. This paper highlights trends in wisdom research and in higher education. Its purposes are to create a framework of becoming wise, and to present a possible process of wisdom pedagogy. The study revealed that wisdom in higher education has been neglected for a long time. The paper makes creative and novel theoretical contributions to the field of evolutionary wisdom pedagogy. It calls for testing the proposed process in live teaching situations and continuing the discourse around wisdom pedagogy in higher education.A következő paradigmaváltás az emberiség történelmében a tudásalapú társadalomtól a bölcs társadalom felé való elmozdulás lesz, ahol az oktatás szerepe alapvető fontosságúvá válik a diákok bölcsességének ápolásában. Ez a koncepcionális tanulmány arra keresi a választ, hogy hogyan fejlődik és hogyan tanítható a bölcsesség. A kutatási módszer a kritikai realizmus kutatási filozófiáján, az abduktív elméletépítő megközelítésen alapul. Az adatokat kritikai integratív szakirodalmi áttekintéssel gyűjtöttük. A tanulmány kiemeli a bölcsességkutatás és a felsőoktatás trendjeit. Célja, hogy megteremtse a bölccsé válás kereteit, és bemutassa a bölcsességpedagógia lehetséges folyamatát. A tanulmány feltárta, hogy a bölcsességet hosszú ideje elhanyagolták a felsőoktatásban. A cikk kreatív és újszerű elméleti hozzájárulást tartalmaz az evolúciós pedagógiához, és indítványozza a javasolt tanítási folyamat valós tanítási helyzetekben történő tesztelését, valamint a bölcsességpedagógia körüli diskurzus folytatását a felsőoktatásban
Development of Socialist Cooperativism in the Slovenian Part of Yugoslavia: Communist Authorities’ Attitude towards Peasants and Private Agriculture (1945−1970s)
No full textThe article addresses the changing attitude of the communist authorities towards peasants and private agriculture in the Slovenian part of socialist Yugoslavia. The changing attitude towards peasants and private agriculture, through socialist cooperativism, was based on political, economic, and social discrimination against peasants. After years of intense political, economic, and psychological violence, a period of ideological pragmatism began following the abandonment of collectivization in 1953. The authorities sought to appease the peasants, allowing them to leave agricultural cooperatives without any consequences. Within the framework of socialist cooperation, peasants were permitted to pursue their economic interests, but they were obliged to further narrow production units to ten hectares of arable as a maximum land. In the 1960s, the authorities neglected peasants through the cooperative system, believing that large state agricultural complexes would ensure food security. When these complexes failed to meet the growing needs for food security, the importance of private agriculture was recognized at the brink of the 1970s. At that time, the authorities changed the concept of agricultural policy, allowing peasants to modernize and invest in the upgrading of private agriculture. The productive potential of private agriculture was also incorporated into the state agricultural policy plans, giving more room for private initiative. Despite their pragmatism, the authorities did not fully shed their ideological prejudices against peasants and private agriculture until the dissolution of socialism and the state
Private Peasants and Socialist Authorities: Successful Grassroots Initiative in Slovenia in the 1960s
No full textThis article presents the successful grassroots initiative of Slovenian peasants in Juršinci in socialist Slovenia in the 1960s and sheds light on the broader economic and political background. In Slovenia in the 1960s, the rise of a younger, more liberal faction within the Communist Party led to political and economic liberalization. The agricultural cooperatives, which were supposed to attract private peasants to voluntarily collaborate in the social sector by providing services such as mechanization, seed supply, chemical agents, and expertise, failed in this respect and increasingly alienated the peasants. This led to a decline in peasant membership in the cooperatives. Under these circumstances, peasants began to organize themselves, form their own communities, and make their demands to the authorities, which the liberal government finally met in the early 1970s
Katalog pieczęci Jagiellonów [Catalog of the Seals of the Jagiellonians]. Edited by Marcin Hlebionek, Martina Bolom-Kotari, Waldemar Chorażyczewski, Miroslav Glejtek, Marcin Hlebionek, Vitaliy Perkun, and Piotr Pokora.: Folia Jagellonica Fontes 46. Toruń: Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne–Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu, 2024. 490 pp.
No full textCities and Economy in Europe Markets and Trade on the Margins from the Middle Ages to the Present. Edited By Katalin Szende, Erika Szívós, and Boglárka Weisz.: London–New York: Routledge, 2024. 360 pp.
No full text“Ganz normale Familiengeschichten.” Bilder von Migration und migrierende Bilder im Familiengedächtnis. By Sandra Kreisslová, Jana Nosková, and Michal Pavlásek.: Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Volkskunde der Deutschen des östlichen Europa 26. Münster: Waxmann, 2023. 462 pp.
No full textTravel Writing as a Reflection on Crisis: An Exiled Livonian Nobleman Visiting His Homeland
No full textThe reflection of external and internal crises in premodern travel literature has not been systematically researched, especially in the Eastern European and Nordic context. This case study presents a Latin travel account in an academic speech, Oratio de vitae decore per prudentiam et patientiam comparando et conservando, by the exiled and learned Livonian nobleman Christoph von Sturtz (1557–1602), who visited his homeland in 1599 after 26 years of exile. Contextualizing this hitherto neglected text from the late sixteenth century in its historical and biographical background, and analysing its content and rhetorical strategies, this article demonstrates that travel literature had remarkable potential not only to detect and reflect crises or to react to them properly, but also to analyse the reasons for them, to assess them, to propose guidelines on resolving them, and to prevent them from spreading elsewhere
Images of Crisis in the Lyric Poetry by Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski (1595–1640)
No full textAlmost all the poetic output of Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski (1595–1640) is a response to a crisis, whether external—political or religious—or arising from his personal experience. It spans a strong commitment, a call for action (e.g. a fight against the Turks) and an attempt to achieve independence from the vagaries of Fortune.
This paper deals with the imagery used by Sarbiewski to describe crisis in selected odes and epodes of his collection Lyricorum libri IV. Epodon Liber Unus alterq[ue] Epigrammatum. One of the examples is his use of the motif of flight over the earth. From a celestial perspective, maintaining distance, the poeta-vates observes and describes the tragedy happening on the stage of the theatrum mundi. The view is so poignant, and at the same time his desire of being with God in heaven is so strong, that he prefers not to come back to earth.
Another example of imagery is the use of aquatic metaphors. The poet, for example, develops a vision of the Flood, which is a consequence of a moral crisis and at the same time a radical attempt (not necessarily successful) to solve it. Drawing inspiration from both the Bible and the works of classical authors (for instance, he likes to use the figure of the adynaton), Sarbiewski creates his own reinterpretation and actualisation of the deluge as an image of the crisis affecting civilisation and of the cataclysm destroying nature
Sickness and Death of the Body Politic in Early Modern Poland: Republic’s Lamentation in Literature and Political Discourse
No full textThe political and moral crisis experienced by the noble estate of the Crown of Poland in the sixteenth and seventeenth century found its sincerest expression in the laments of the Republic. Beginning from the 1522 Epitaphium Reipublicae by Andrzej Krzycki, this literary tradition drew on classical, particularly Ciceronian imagery of a sick and dying body politic. Over the next decades, this imagery became intertwined with political discourse, as evidenced by parliamentary speeches from 1562–64. In the same period, Jan Dymitr Solikowski penned Facies Rei Publicae, an immensely popular narrative of the healing of the body politic, and created figurative representations of Sick and Sane Republic; while Stanisław Samuel Szemiot, writing over a century later, craftily adapted Hippocratean concepts in a poetical necropsy of the body politic. Most importantly, the aforementioned authors all shared a genuine belief that their political community was in decay, and their own life imperiled. A careful reading of the textual pathologies they created allows for a diagnosis of historico-philosophical roots of their anxiety.