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A honfoglalók uráli gyökerei és a keleten maradt magyarok – a legfrissebb archeogenomikai eredmények
Get PDFA honfoglalók egy részének genetikai gyökerei a Dél-Urál régióba, a karajakupovói régészeti horizontba tartozó egyénekig vezetnek. A rájuk jellemző genetikai összetétel már a népvándorláskorra kialakult, és a feltárt biológiai folytonosság révén az uráli eredet indikátoraként alkalmazható, mely az Alsó-Káma vidékén – a keleten maradt magyar néprészhez köthetően – egészen a 14. századig kimutatható
Alföldi színjáték nem csak gyerekeknek. Seprényi Kinga beszélgetése Várhidi Attila rendezővel a gyermekszínjátszásról és az Alföld Gyermekszínpad jövőjéről
Get PDFMelyek lehetnek az alföldi szélsőségesen száraz gyepekben, takarmánybázist adó gyepgazdálkodási és állategészségi szempontból fontos pázsitfüvek?
Get PDFThe Festuca taxa of the Pannonian Basin are beautiful examples of environmental adaptation to specific climatic and soil conditions and genetic diversity within the plant genus. They are well adapted to grazing agriculture and summer droughts, after which their excellent regenerative capacity helps them to recover. For these reasons, and due to their vast territorial coverage, they are also of great importance to the national economy. However, in order to exploit their genetic potential, it is essential to separate the individual taxa on a genetic basis. Taking into account two important aspects, namely coping with drought and saline soils, we provide an overview below.Pannon-medence Festuca taxonjai a speciális éghajlati és talajviszonyokhoz való környezeti alkalmazkodás és a növénynemzetségen belüli genetikai sokféleség gyönyörű példái. Kiválóan alkalmazkodtak a legeltetéses mezőgazdasági hasznosításhoz és a nyári aszályokhoz is, melyek után kiváló regenerációs képességük segíti a megújulásukat. Ezek miatt, illetve hatalmas területi arányuk miatt nemzetgazdasági jelentőségük is nagy. Genetikai potenciáljuk felhasználásához azonban kulcsfontosságú az egyes taxonok genetikai alapon történő elkülönítése. Két fontos szempontot figyelembe véve – az aszállyal és a sós talajjal való megküzdést – adunk egy áttekintést
On the Manifold Identities of John Corvinus: The Question of Origins in Political Power Play at the End of the Fifteenth Century
No full textAccording to the wishes of his father, King Matthias, John Corvinus should have become king of Hungary (the ideal dynastic case) or at least king of Bosnia (and maybe Croatia), in agreement with the House of Habsburg. Nothing came of it, as it is well-known. The co-king of Bohemia, Ladislaus II Jagiellon, was elected king of Hungary and John had to concede defeat and, gradually, “make a living” at the borders of the Ottoman Empire.
By mid-1497, John Corvinus had reached agreements with Maximilian I of Habsburg, king of the Romans and co-king of Hungary, and with the Republic of Venice, becoming a citizen and a noblemen of the “strange ally” of late Matthias. John, however, did not renounce his allegiance to Ladislaus II, as the rightful (de iure) king of Hungary. As a result, for the final seven years of his life (1497–1504), John Corvinus seemingly had three “masters”: Ladislaus, Maximilian and Venice. The presentation aims to explore the impact of these political ties on the (royal) territories under the administration of John Corvinus and on his “other family”, by marriage (since 1496), the Frankopans (the Frangepans)
The Last Year of the Hospitallers’ Rule on Rhodes
No full textEarly in 1523, the Hospitallers had to leave Rhodes with a small number of ships, after a long siege by the Ottoman forces under Sultan Soliman I. The Hospitaller rule on Rhodes and the Dodecanese had been endangered at least since the middle of the fifteenth century, but the Order had successfully resisted both the sieges by the Mamluks in the 1440s and by the Ottomans in 1480. The paper discusses the perception of a growing danger for Rhodes after the fall of Belgrade (1521) and the measures taken by the Order, based on the surviving registers from the years 1521/1522. While regular administration continued, the new Grand Master fr. Philippe Villiers de l’Isle-Adam who reached Rhodes in September 1521 had to handle the situation. The appeals to the Emperor, the Kings of England and France, the Pope and others set aside, fr. Villiers focussed on strengthening the fortifications, gathering supplies and monies and revising the Order’s contingent on Rhodes. Internal problems were mostly overcome, but without relief from the Western powers who were at war with each other, the Order finally had to surrender
Bauernkrieg in Franken 1525Grundzüge – Begriffe – Ressourcen
No full textThe term “Peasants’ War” generally refers to the events of 1524/25, when peasants and citizens in Switzerland, Upper Swabia, Württemberg, Austria, Tyrol, Thuringia, and Franconia dared to revolt against their feudal lords. The respective regional and local concerns played an important role that should not be neglected in a generalized account of the events, but there were also commonalities: a strong anti-clerical movement developed, particularly in areas where monasteries, abbeys, and other ecclesiastical landlords were strongly positioned. The lords’ control over the local and, in some cases, centuries-old special rights of peasants, citizens, and knights became stronger, and the conflicts with them became more intense. The mostly oral local laws of villages and noble lordships were pushed back in favor of the new written state law based on Roman law.
The rebels operated in a diverse and fragmented landscape of various territorial rulers in Franconia, which made it difficult for them to take concerted action. This area is defined by a complex conglomerate of different rulers, towns, castles, and monasteries. Is this complexity of different rulers in a small region with open borders one of the causes of the uprising? Specifically, the following topics are addressed: Wine growing and vineyard workers, the deliberate destruction of vineyards, the ownership of mills, in general the natural resources and their use by humans, as well as the importance of the ‘community’ (gemein) in cities and towns, whose quartermasters had significant political influence in times of uncertainty. These would be intangible resources of social and political coexistence within the framework of city districts. This meant that conflicts in the Peasants’ War are focused on various natural, economic, social, and religious resources, which defined the respective scope for action, which took place in narrowly defined areas.The term “Peasants’ War” generally refers to the events of 1524/25, when peasants and citizens in Switzerland, Upper Swabia, Württemberg, Austria, Tyrol, Thuringia, and Franconia dared to revolt against their feudal lords. The respective regional and local concerns played an important role that should not be neglected in a generalized account of the events, but there were also commonalities: a strong anti-clerical movement developed, particularly in areas where monasteries, abbeys, and other ecclesiastical landlords were strongly positioned. The lords’ control over the local and, in some cases, centuries-old special rights of peasants, citizens, and knights became stronger, and the conflicts with them became more intense. The mostly oral local laws of villages and noble lordships were pushed back in favor of the new written state law based on Roman law.The rebels operated in a diverse and fragmented landscape of various territorial rulers in Franconia, which made it difficult for them to take concerted action. This area is defined by a complex conglomerate of different rulers, towns, castles, and monasteries. Is this complexity of different rulers in a small region with open borders one of the causes of the uprising? Specifically, the following topics are addressed: Wine growing and vineyard workers, the deliberate destruction of vineyards, the ownership of mills, in general the natural resources and their use by humans, as well as the importance of the ‘community’ (gemein) in cities and towns, whose quartermasters had significant political influence in times of uncertainty. These would be intangible resources of social and political coexistence within the framework of city districts. This meant that conflicts in the Peasants’ War are focused on various natural, economic, social, and religious resources, which defined the respective scope for action, which took place in narrowly defined areas
Tünde, Árvai – Katona, Csete (eds.), Medievisztikai Vándorkonferencia. Tanulmányok 2. (Studia Mediaevalia Itinerantia). Debrecen, Debreceni Egyetem Történelmi és Néprajzi Doktori Iskola, 2025. ISBN: 9789634907244
No full textItinerantes... The conference of doctoral students conducting research on the Middle Ages travels from city to city, from university to university. The itinerary started in Szeged in 2023, then it moved to the doctoral school of the University of Debrecen. The second volume of the Studia mediaevalia itinerantia series, edited by Tünde Árvai and Csete Katona, contains 11 studies, nine in Hungarian and two in English. There is a growing expectation that the scholarly achievements of Hungarian researchers should be embedded in a broad international discourse. At the same time, it has become a basic requirement of most Hungarian doctoral schools that their doctoral students publish their results in foreign languages before their dissertations to be submitted for public defense. Sometimes this is justified by the choice of topic itself, and at times by the need for making Hungarian research results available for comparative European studies..
У книг тоже своя судьба…: Gregor Ferenc: A szlovák nyelv magyar elemei [Венгерские элементы словацкого языка]. Kairosz Kiadó, Budapest, 2023, 953 c. ISBN: 978-963-514157-9
No full textFerenc Gregor, der bedeutendste ungarische Forscher des slowakischen Wortschatzes, konnte das Erscheinen seines Lebenswerks im Druck nicht mehr erleben. Die Verfasserin des Artikels verfolgt mit ihrer Arbeit ein doppeltes Ziel. Einerseits möchte sie einem herausragenden Wissenschaftler ein Denkmal setzen – einem Gelehrten, der standhaft seinen eigenen Weg im Dienst wissenschaftlicher Wertschöpfung ging, dabei die Mühen des einsamen Ringens auf sich nahm und dessen Anstrengungen – dank der nächsten Generation von Forschern – zwar postum, aber letztlich von Erfolg gekrönt wurden. Andererseits möchte sie die Aufmerksamkeit auf den sehr bedeutenden sprachlichen und kulturellen Einfluss lenken, den die ungarischen Dialekte auf die Sprache der slowakischen Bevölkerung innerhalb der Grenzen des historischen Königreichs Ungarn im Norden ausübten. Dieser Einfluss wirkte sich in mehreren Wellen und in verschiedenen geografischen Regionen aus und nahm je nach historischer Lage unterschiedliche thematische Ausprägungen an. Ferenc Gregor wies anhand einer äußerst breiten schriftlichen Quellenbasis nahezu 1000 ungarische Lexeme im Wortgebrauch der lokalen slowakischen Sprachvarianten nach. Da Gregor all jene Fälle genau dokumentierte, in denen die behandelten ungarischen Wörter auch in andere slawische Sprachen des Karpatenbeckens Eingang fanden, stellt sein Werk nicht nur aus kontaktlinguistischer Sicht eine herausragende Leistung dar, sondern besitzt auch aus areallinguistischer Perspektive große Bedeutung.Ferenc Gregor, the most prominent Hungarian researcher of the Slovak language, did not live to see the publication of his magnum opus. The present review has two goals: on the one hand, to commemorate an outstanding scholar who persevered on his own path in the pursuit of scholarly value, accepting all the difficulties of a lonely struggle, and whose efforts were crowned with success, albeit posthumously, thanks to the next generation of scholars; and, on the other hand, to draw attention to the significant linguistic and cultural influence that Hungarian dialects have had on the language of the Slovaks living in the northern region of the historical Kingdom of Hungary. This influence manifested itself in several waves and in several geographical regions and took on different thematic characteristics depending on the historical situation. Using a wide range of written sources, Ferenc Gregor identified nearly 1,000 Hungarian lexemes in the vocabulary of local variants of the Slovak language. Since Gregor accurately documented all cases where the Hungarian words in question also entered other Slavic languages of the Carpathian Basin, his work is significant not only for its outstanding value in contact linguistics, but also from an areal linguistic perspective.Ференц Грегор — крупнейший венгерский исследователь лексики словацкого языка, не смог при жизни увидеть публикацию своего главного труда. Автор статьи преследует две цели. С одной стороны, он стремится увековечить память о выдающемся учёном, который упорно шел своим путём ради создания научных ценностей, принимая на себя все трудности одинокой борьбы, и чьи усилия — благодаря самоотверженности учёных следующего поколения — хоть и посмертно, но были увенчаны успехом. С другой стороны, автор стремится обратить внимание на значительное языковое и культурное влияние, которое венгерские диалекты оказывали на язык словацкого населения, проживавшего в северных регионах исторического Венгерского королевства. Это влияние проявлялось несколькими волнами в разных географических регионах и в зависимости от исторических обстоятельств приобретало различный тематический характер. Ференц Грегор, используя чрезвычайно широкий материал письменных источников, выявил почти тысячу венгерских лексем в словоупотреблении местных вариантов словацкого языка. Поскольку Грегор тщательно документировал все случаи, когда рассматриваемые венгерские слова проникали и в другие славянские языки Карпатского бассейна, его труд, помимо выдающегося вклада в контактную лингвистику региона, является значительным также с точки зрения ареальной лингвистики
Hogyan tanítsunk mesterséges intelligenciával az oktatásban?
Get PDFThe use of artificial intelligence has become increasingly popular and is frequently used as a tool among students. It has a significant impact on education and students, which is why it is important to discuss it. Students use AI to complete homework assignments, create presentations, and write essays, while some teachers either do not use it or are not even aware of its existence. Based on this, the question arises: how important is it to prepare both teachers and students for the use of artificial intelligence in the teaching and learning process? This study examines the positive and negative effects of AI on education and, through a review of the literature, summarizes the arguments for and against its use.A mesterséges intelligencia használata nagyon népszerűvé vált, és a diákok körében sűrűn alkalmazott segédeszköz. Az oktatásra és a tanulókra is nagy hatással van, és ezért is fontos beszélni róla. A diákok az MI segítségével íratják meg a házi feladatokat, prezentációkat készítenek, fogalmazásokat írnak, míg a tanárok körében vannak, akik nem használják, vagy nem is hallottak még az MI-ről. Ebből kiindulva kérdés, hogy vajon mennyire fontos a tanárokat és a diákokat felkészíteni a mesterséges intelligencia használatára a tanítás-tanulás folyamán? A tanulmány vizsgálja az MI pozitív és negatív hatásait az oktatásra tekintve, szakirodalmi áttekintés segítségével összegzi a pro és kontra érveket