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Strengthening mental health at work of university administrators
No full textIntroducción: El estudio surge a partir del reconocimiento de las necesidades en torno a la Salud Mental en el Trabajo-SMT de un grupo de administrativos adscritos a una universidad pública de Colombia y desde la implementación de la modalidad de trabajo en casa derivada de la situación epidemiológica COVID-19. Objetivo: Contribuir a fortalecer la salud mental en el trabajo a través de un programa fundamentado en el Modelo de Creencias en Salud-MCS. Metodología: Dicho programa se desarrolló mediante plataformas digitales, en el que se abordaron temáticas relacionadas con el manejo del estrés y la gestión del tiempo, siguiendo una metodología cualitativa, con enfoque de Investigación Acción-IA. Resultados y Discusión: Se obtiene la identificación de situaciones y/o estímulos percibidos como barreras para la realización de conductas salutogénicas y desde un enfoque preventivo, la estrategia centrada en educación para la salud aportó de forma significativa sobre el autocuidado en el desarrollo del trabajo en casa. Conclusion: La implementación de este tipo de programas, que involucran a la comunidad durante el proceso, contribuyen sustancialmente al fortalecimiento de la salud mental en el trabajo desde necesidades contextualizadas, especialmente durante la contingencia sanitaria por COVID-19. Introduction: The study was born from the recognition of the needs of an administrative staff group regarding mental health associated with the implementation of the work-at-home modality. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: Strengthening mental health at work through a program based on the Health Belief Model-HBM. Methodology: This model was developed through digital platforms, and topics related to stress and time management. In this case were considered as the framework qualitative paradigm, with the Action Research approach. Results and discussion: It was identified perceived barriers to the performance of salutogenic behaviors and the significant improvement in self-care in the development of work at home. Conclusion: The carry out programs that involve the community during the process, contributing to the strengthening of occupational mental health which is a phenomenon especially affected during the health contingency due to COVID-19
Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of pesticides into nanocomposites: a review
No full textThe extensive use of pesticides in agriculture has significantly impacted the environment and human health, as these pollutants are inadequately disposed of into water bodies. In addition, pesticides can cause adverse effects on humans and aquatic animals due to their incomplete removal from the aqueous medium by conventional wastewater treatments. Therefore, processes such as heterogeneous photocatalysis and adsorption by nanocomposites have received special attention in the scientific community due to their unique properties and ability to degrade and remove several organic pollutants, including pesticides. This report reviews the use of nanocomposites in pesticide adsorption and photocatalytic degradation from aqueous solutions. A bibliographic search was performed using the ScienceDirect, American Chemical Society (ACS), and Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) indexes, using Boolean logic and the following descriptors: “pesticide degradation” AND “photocatalysis” AND “nanocomposites”; “nanocomposites” AND “pesticides” AND “adsorption”. The search was limited to research article documents in the last ten years (from January 2012 to June 2022). The results made it possible to verify that the most dangerous pesticides are not the most commonly degraded/removed from wastewater. At the same time, the potential of the supported nanocatalysts and nanoadsorbents in the decontamination of wastewater-containing pesticides is confirmed once they present reduced bandgap energy, which occurs over a wide range of wavelengths. Moreover, due to the great affinity of the supported nanocatalysts with pesticides, better charge separation, high removal, and degradation values are reported for these organic compounds. Thus, the class of the nanocomposites investigated in this work, magnetic or not, can be characterized as suitable nanomaterials with potential and unique properties useful in heterogeneous photocatalysts and the adsorption of pesticides
Bioclimatic analysis and diagnosis of social interest housing in the city of Poza Rica, Ver
No full textLa siguiente investigación se realizo para generar un diagnostico bioclimático de la ciudad de Poza Rica, Verarccruz, ya que la creciente necesidad de espacios conformtables son cada vez mas demandados por los cambios frecuentes en la naturaleza, por lo que este estudio se basó en analizar el sistema climatológico de la zona y diagnosticar estragegias bioclimáticas que ayuden a formar un mejor conforte dentro del espacio habitable, en específicos para la vivienda de interés social, ya que actualmente existen en la mayoría, edificaciones habitacionales que no contemplan una buena orientación y manejo de estrategias que regulen el microclima del espacio. Por lo que la presente investigación se centra en un caso de estudio en el que se diagnosticara el acondicionamiento microclimatico del espacio, por lo que nos brindara criterios para futuras propuesta de diseño arquitectónico de la vivienda.
Esto conllevo a analizar modelos digitales que fueron simulados con el software Autocad y Sketchup, donde se realizo el análisis solar, en cuanto al simulación del viento con CDF autodesk, que realizo el análisis de corriente de aire dentro del espacio, esto nos ayudó a verificar las condiciones de bioclimáticas del espacio que tiene el usuario en su vivienda.The following research was carried out to generate a bioclimatic diagnosis of the city of Poza Rica, Verarccruz, since the growing need for conformable spaces are increasingly demanded by frequent changes in nature, so this study was based on analyzing the climatological system of the area and diagnosing bioclimatic strategies that help form a better comfort within the living space, specifically for housing of social interest, since there are currently in most housing buildings that do not contemplate a good orientation and management of strategies that regulate the microclimate of the space. Therefore, this research focuses on a case study in which the microclimatic conditioning of the space will be diagnosed, so it will provide us with criteria for future architectural design proposal of the house.
This led to the analysis of digital models that were simulated with Autocad and Sketchup software, where the solar analysis was carried out, in terms of wind simulation with CDF Autodesk, which carried out the analysis of air currents within the space, this helped us to verify the bioclimatic conditions of the space that the user has in his home
A bibliometric review on Workplace Health and Wellness Programs: Main research perspectives
No full textLa implementación de Programas de Salud y Bienestar Laboral tiene como propósito mejorar las condiciones de salud y bienestar de los empleados, reducir el absentismo y a su vez impactar positivamente la productividad en las organizaciones; sin embargo, no se ha evidenciado un análisis bibliométrico que haya permitido identificar y analizar las perspectivas de investigación de los Programas de Salud y Bienestar Laboral por parte de la comunidad académica aplicando la metodología del árbol de la ciencia (en adelante ToS). Para cubrir este aspecto se revisaron los artículos publicados desde el año 2001 hasta el 2020 en la base de datos Web of Science, construyendo el árbol de la ciencia de los Programas de Salud y Bienestar Laboral, identificando y analizando las tres principales perspectivas de investigación: la promoción y prevención en salud, la intervención del estrés mental y la prevención del burnout, y la prevención de los efectos de la obesidad a través de la actividad física. Teniendo en cuenta que la literatura identificada en la presente revisión se ha generado en mayor proporción en Estados Unidos y Reino Unido, se recomienda la realización de futuras investigaciones en nuestro país que sirvan de referencia académica para que las organizaciones colombianas fortalezcan la gestión de la salud y el bienestar laboral de su talento humano.
The implementation of Workplace Health and Wellness Programs aims to improve the health and wellness conditions of employees, reduce absenteeism and in turn positively impact productivity in organizations; however, there has been no evidence of a bibliometric analysis that has allowed identifying research trends by the academic community applying the Tree of Science (ToS) methodology. To cover this aspect, articles published from 2001 to 2020 in the Web of Science database were reviewed, building the ToS of Workplace Health and Wellness Programs, identifying and analyzing the three main research perspectives: health promotion and prevention, mental stress intervention and burnout prevention, and prevention of the effects of obesity through physical activity. Taking into account that the literature identified in this review has been generated mostly in the United States and the United Kingdom, it is recommended that future research be conducted in our country to serve as an academic reference for Colombian organizations to strengthen the management of the health and well-being of their human talent
Latin America and the search for a coastal law: lessons from the legislative procedure in Colombia
No full textIn 2009, a network of scholars identified the legal framework associated with coastal management in eleven Latin American countries. They found an important lag in several countries, including Colombia. According to many scholars, a clear regulatory framework is of the utmost importance for integrated coastal management; however, the hurdles to reaching this goal have been poorly analyzed. This article aims to illustrate the challenges and barriers to legislate on coastal and marine issues in Colombia. The methodology and analysis used in this study can serve as an example to other Latin American countries. We combined comparative, documentary, and analytical research techniques to describe the current Latin American state-of-the-art legal framework. Additionally, from 16,224 gazettes (official records of the Congress of Colombia) we identified 80 bills concerning coastal and marine activities for a period of 17 years. However, only 2.1% of those bills addressed marine or coastal issues from the perspective of planning and management procedures. Instead the majority focused on social uses and economic activities. This research identified the difficulties that could be faced by a country in regulating its coast from an integrated perspective. These findings could support future procedures to approve coastal laws in Latin America and other countries on the world
Fleni Coglioma: battery for the detection of cognitive compromise in patients with low grade Glioma
No full textLos nuevos procedimientos quirúrgicos han beneficiado a los pacientes con Gliomas de Bajo Grado (GBG), quienes tienen una mayor esperanza de vida. Por este motivo existe un creciente interés en proteger la cognición y mejorar su calidad de vida. Los objetivos del estudio fueron: (1) Construir y administrar una batería neuropsicológica que permita examinar el perfil cognitivo prequirúrgico en pacientes con GBG y determinar los efectos posquirúrgicos. (2) Diseñar una intervención intraquirúrgica para pacientes con lesiones en el hemisferio izquierdo a fin de minimizar posibles déficits posteriores. Se evaluaron 19 pacientes con una batería prequirúrgica que evalúa los distintos dominios cognitivos: memoria, lenguaje, atención, funciones ejecutivas, habilidades visuoespaciales, cognición social, praxias y gnosias. Asimismo, los pacientes completaron cuestionarios neuropsiquiátricos con el fin de valorar funcionalidad, estado anímico y calidad de vida. Los pacientes presentaron déficit en múltiples dominios cognitivos en la evaluación prequirúrgica, al comparar su rendimiento con valores normativos ajustados por edad, sexo y educación. Los resultados del presente estudio demuestran la importancia de la administración de la batería neuropsicológica específicamente diseñada para pacientes con GBG y la evaluación de los dominios cognitivos para lograr la detección y el seguimiento de posibles trastornos cognitivos.New surgical procedures have benefited patients with Low-Grade Gliomas (LGG), who have a longer life expectancy. For this reason there is a growing interest in protecting cognition and improving their quality of life. The objectives of the study were: (1) To construct and administer a neuropsychological battery to examine the pre-surgical cognitive profile in patients with LGG and to determine the post-surgical effects. (2) To design an intra-surgical intervention for patients with lesions in the left hemisphere in order to minimize possible later deficits. 19 patients were evaluated with a pre-surgical battery that assesses different cognitive domains: memory, language, attention, executive functions, visuospatial skills, social cognition, praxias and gnosias. Patients also completed neuropsychiatric questionnaires to assess functionality, mood and quality of life. Patients presented deficits in multiple cognitive domains in the pre-surgical evaluation, when comparing their performance with normative values adjusted for age, sex and education. The results of the present study demonstrate the importance of the administration of the neuropsychological battery specifically designed for LGG patients and the assessment of cognitive domains to achieve detection and follow-up of possible cognitive disorders
Beach litter assessment: critical issues and the path forward
No full textStudies analyzing large-scale patterns or long-term trends in the amounts and composition of beach litter are often based on the analysis of several small-scale studies, which may provide an inaccurate picture if the methods and approaches used in those studies are not directly comparable. Moreover, most beach-litter review studies do not evaluate how the results are affected by a number of factors. Therefore, this paper analyzes empirical results from 62 beach-litter (BL) assessment studies published in the last decade (years 2010–2020) in peer-reviewed international journals. Both the results on beach litter (origin, composition, and density) and the utility of those findings to coastal managers are analyzed and discussed. The paper identifies strengths and weaknesses of different research designs, overall compatibility among the results of studies, and identification and means of eliminating those aspects that cause incompatibilities, inconsistencies, and high variability of data that cause low reliability of the results, among other issues. The results indicate that a global picture based on a number of small-scale studies cannot be drawn due to incompatibilities in sampling protocols and presentation of results, data analysis and interpretation, spatial and temporal differences, and the lack of understanding of factors influencing BL. This paper offers a critical view of many aspects of (BL) research in order to bring them to researchers’ attention, at the same time recognizing the importance of previously published studies in making significant advancements in this field. Finally, it is also a call to move from limited data collecting and presentation in peer-reviewed journals to experimental designs, large data analyses, and testing of methods and solutions to the BL issue to advance understanding of beach-litter issues
Effort Estimation in Agile Software Development: A Systematic Map Study
No full textIntroducción − Realizar una estimación de esfuerzo lo más precisa y adecuada para proyectos de desarrollo de software, se ha convertido en pieza fundamental para favorecer el éxito y desarrollo de los mismos, sin embargo, aplicar este tipo de estimación en proyectos de desarrollo ágil, en donde los cambios son constantes, la convierte en una tarea muy compleja de implementar.
Objetivo− El objetivo de este estudio es proveer un estado del arte sobre técnicas de estimación de esfuerzo en desarrollo de software ágil, la evaluación de su desempeño y los inconvenientes que se presentan en su aplicación.
Metodología− Se desarrolló un mapeo sistemático que involucró la creación de preguntas de investigación con el fin de proveer una estructura a seguir, análisis de palabras relacionadas con el tema de investigación para la creación e implementación de una cadena de búsqueda para la identificación de estudios relacionados con el tema, aplicación de criterios de exclusión, inclusión y calidad a los artículos encontrados para poder descartar estudios no relevantes y finalmente la organización y extracción de la información necesaria de cada artículo.
Resultados− De los 25 estudios seleccionados; los principales hallazgos son: las técnicas de estimación más aplicadas en contextos ágiles son: Estimación por medio de Puntos de Historia (SP) seguidos de Planning Poker (PP) y Juicio de Expertos (EJ). Soluciones soportadas en técnicas computacionales como: Naive Bayes, Algoritmos de Regresión y Sistema Híbridos; también se ha encontrado que la Magnitud Media del Error Relativo (MMRE), la Evaluación de la Predicción (PRED) y Error Absoluto Medio (MAE) son las medidas de evaluación de desempeño más usadas. Adicionalmente, se ha encontrado que parámetros como la viabilidad, la experiencia y la entrega de conocimiento de expertos, así como la constante particularidad y falta de datos en el proceso de creación de modelos para aplicarse a un limitado número de entornos son los desafíos que más se presentan al momento de realizar estimación de software en el desarrollo de software ágil (ASD)
Conclusiones− Se ha encontrado que existe un aumento en la cantidad de artículos que abordan la estimación de esfuerzo en el desarrollo ágil, sin embargo, se hace evidente la necesidad de mejorar la precisión de la estimación mediante el uso de técnicas de estimación soportadas en el aprendizaje de máquina que han demostrado que facilita y mejora el desempeño de este. Introduction − Making effort estimation as accurate and suitable for software development projects becomes a fundamental stage to favor its success, which is a difficult task, since the application of these techniques in constant changing agile development projects raises the need to evaluate different methods frequently.
Objectives− The objective of this study is to provide a state of the art on techniques of effort estimation in agile software development (ASD), performance evaluation and the drawbacks that arise in its application.
Method− A systematic mapping was developed involving the creation of research questions to provide a layout of this study, analysis of related words for the implementation of a search query to obtain related studies, application of exclusion, inclusion, and quality criteria to filter nonrelated studies and finally the organization and extraction of the necessary information from each study.
Results− 25 studies were selected; the main findings are: the most applied estimation techniques in agile contexts are: Estimation of Story Points (SP) followed by Planning Poker (PP) and Expert Judgment (EJ). The most frequent solutions supported in computational techniques such as: Naive Bayes, Regression Algorithms and Hybrid System; also, the performance evaluation measures Mean Magnitude of Relative Error (MMRE), Prediction Assessment (PRED) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) have been found to be the most commonly used. Additionally, parameters such as feasibility, experience, and the delivery of expert knowledge, as well as the constant particularity and lack of data in the process of creating models to be applied to a limited number of environments are the challenges that arise the most when estimating software in agile software development (ASD)
Conclusions− It has been found there is an increase in the number of articles that address effort estimation in agile development, however, it becomes evident the need to improve the accuracy of the estimation by using estimation techniques supported in machine learning that have been shown to facilitate and improve the performance of this.
熟料刮板输送机链轮驱动器故障原因分析及解决方法
No full textThis study discusses the causal analysis and solution of the teeth failure in sprocket drivers in a clinker scraper conveyor of a cement plant. The failure consisted of the progressive surfacing shape loss of the teeth, progressively deteriorated to the operating conditions of the system, causing dynamic loads, which affected the mechanical transmission and the conveyor general performance. The assessment includes an analysis of the sprocket material and calculations of the stress fields in the teeth surface. The results show the failure is the result of using a sprocket material with high-abrasive resistance, but with yield strength lower than required for operating conditions. This failure can be addressed by replacing the entire sprocket that results in significant downtime and economic losses. The main contribution of this study is developing a solution based on the local quality principle to repair and prevent the failure without removing the sprocket. Furthermore, the analysis considers the surface forces resulting from the high friction coefficient caused by the lack of lubrication, resulting in stress values higher than the fluence limit of the teeth material. Therefore, the solution proposed is manufacturing the teeth with a different material with higher strength and abrasion resistance to prevent failures by deformation. The proposed solution takes advantage of the damaged sprocket wheels available in the plant. The teeth manufactured are welded in a plate that is later bolted to the sprocket wheel, which was previously machined to remove the damaged teeth and prepare the surface to assemble the new teeth.本研究讨论了水泥厂熟料刮板输送机链轮驱动器齿失效的原因分析和解决方案。故障包括齿 的逐渐堆焊形状损失，逐渐恶化到系统的运行条件，引起动态负载，从而影响机械传动和输送机 的整体性能。评估包括对链轮材料的分析和齿表面应力场的计算。结果表明，故障是使用具有高 耐磨性的链轮材料造成的，但屈服强度低于运行条件所需的强度。这种故障可以通过更换整个链 轮来解决，这会导致严重的停机时间和经济损失。本研究的主要贡献是开发了一种基于本地质量 原则的解决方案，可以在不拆卸链轮的情况下修复和防止故障。此外，该分析考虑了由缺乏润滑 引起的高摩擦系数导致的表面力，导致应力值高于牙齿材料的通量极限。因此，提出的解决方案 是使用具有更高强度和耐磨性的不同材料制造牙齿，以防止因变形而失效。建议的解决方案利用 了工厂中可用的损坏链轮。制造的齿焊接在一块板上，该板随后用螺栓固定到链轮上，该链轮先 前经过机加工以去除损坏的齿并准备表面以组装新齿
The ludic and the reducing the causes of discrimination in education
No full textIntroducción: La lúdica aborda el uso del juego con una finalidad educativa, pero sin embargo, existen otros enfoques que trascienden esa perspectiva, encontrando así toda una oportunidad de análisis y reflexión, como la propuesta en el presente artículo, en torno a la discriminación. Objetivo: Analizar los aportes de la lúdica a la disminución de causales de discriminación en la educación escolar, a partir de la caracterización e identificación del uso de estrategias pedagógicas lúdicas y la determinación de los elementos que la lúdica puede aportar para la reducción de dicha discriminación. Metodología: Se fundamentó en el marco de la investigación cualitativa de tipo narrativa, utilizando las entrevistas semiestructuradas como técnica de recolección de datos. Resultados y discusión: Se establece que la lúdica constituye una estrategia pedagógica pertinente para la disminución de causas de discriminación al interior de las aulas, siendo no solo, una forma de ejercer pedagogía que trasciende la visión reduccionista en la concepción del juego por el juego, para asociarse a un factor motivacional que la convierte en parte fundamental de los aprendizajes, la expresión de sentimientos y el desarrollo físico, emocional e intelectual. Conclusiones: La lúdica como parte de la práctica docente, usada de manera estratégica puede motivar experiencias de aprendizaje significativo y a su vez impactar procesos relacionados a la convivencia escolar y la discriminación social.Introduction: The playful approach to the use of the game with an educational purpose, however, there are other approaches that transcend this perspective, thus finding an opportunity for analysis and reflection, such as the one proposed in this article, around discrimination. Objective: To analyze the contributions of ludic to the reduction of causes of discrimination in school education, based on the characterization and identification of the use of ludic pedagogical strategies and the determination of the elements that ludic can contribute to the reduction of said discrimination. Methodology: It was based on the framework of narrative-type qualitative research, using semi-structured interviews as a data collection technique. Results and discussion: It is established that the playful one constitutes a pertinent pedagogical strategy for the reduction of causes of discrimination inside the classrooms, being not only a way of exercising pedagogy that transcends the reductionist vision in the conception of the game for the game, to be associated with a motivational factor that makes it a fundamental part of learning, the expression of feelings and physical, emotional and intellectual development. Conclusions: Ludic as part of the teaching practice, used strategically, can motivate significant learning experiences and, in turn, impact processes related to school coexistence and social discrimination