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Understanding spatial networking and industrial district evolution from firms’ strategies
No full textPositioned in the study of firm heterogeneity in industrial districts (IDs), this study analyses how mergers and acquisitions (M&A) differ between local and non-local acquirers, impacting district evolution. Focusing on the Castellon ceramic tile district transformation, from acquisitions over 2012–2022, M&A and their implication for the local district are discussed, cross-fertilizing strategy and IDs literatures. Findings, from using mixed-methods, reveal that in IDs, the M&A process remarkably differs between local and non-local firms. While local firms tend to specialize in the related focal business, targeting local acquisitions to achieve internal synergies from a better valuation and integration of acquisitions, foreign firms seek access to tacit knowledge through relational and network synergies through diversification. Effects on the territory from M&A are also discussed
Estrategia para fortalecer el proceso lector en educación primaria basada en el Método Glenn Doman
No full textEl fortalecimiento del proceso lector en los niños y niñas de primaria ha sido una necesidad permanente desde hace varias décadas, pero ahora se hace más imperante después del periodo de alejamiento de las aulas presenciales por la pandemia del COVID 19. En el caso que ocupa esta investigación, se evidenció como estudiantes de tercero de primaria de dos instituciones educativas rurales tenían dificultades en el desarrollo del proceso lector en la identificación de las letras, lecturas de palabras, estructura gramatical, signos de puntuación y comprensión de oraciones y textos, situación que se ratifica con una prueba pretest hecha a partir de una adaptación de la batería PROLEC-R. Para intervenirlo, se diseña una estrategia basada en el método Doman y se aplica a una muestra de 40 estudiantes, 20 de cada institución repartidos en grupos experimentales y de control. La metodología es cuantitativa y permite determinar al final, con una prueba postest, el efecto exitoso de dicha estrategia en el fortalecimiento del proceso lector.Strengthening the reading process in primary school children has been a permanent need for several decades, but now it becomes more imperative after the period of distance from face-toface classrooms due to the COVID 19 pandemic. In the case that occupies this research, it was evidenced that third grade students from two rural educational institutions had difficulties in the development of the reading process in the identification of letters, word readings, grammatical structure, punctuation marks and understanding of sentences and texts, a situation that is confirms with a pretest made from an adaptation of the PROLEC-R battery. To intervene, a strategy based on the Doman method is designed and applied to a sample of 40 students, 20 from each institution divided into experimental and control groups. The methodology is quantitative and allows to determine at the end, with a post-test, the successful effect of said strategy in strengthening the reading process.Lista de tablas y figuras 11 -- Introducción 16 -- Capítulo I. Problema de investigación 18 -- 1.1. Planteamiento del problema 18 -- 1.2. Formulación del problema 24 -- 1.3 Objetivos 25 -- 1.3.1 Objetivo general 25 -- 1.3.2 Objetivos específicos 25 -- 1.4 Justificación 25 -- 1.5 Contextos de intervención o delimitación 29 -- Capítulo II. Marco teórico – conceptual 30 -- 2.1 Antecedentes (Estado del arte) 30 -- 2.1.1 Antecedentes internacionales 31 -- 2.1.2 Antecedentes nacionales 40 -- 2.1.3 Antecedentes locales 44 -- 2.2 Marco teórico 46 -- 2.2.1 Procesos que intervienen en la lectura 53 -- 2.3 Marco conceptual 56 -- 2.3.1 Método 56 -- 2.3.2 Motivación 56 -- 2.3.3 Comprensión 57 -- 2.3.4 Sistematización 57 -- 2.3.5 Contextualizado 57 -- 2.3.6 Estrategias didácticas 58 -- 2.3.7 Pedagogía 58 -- 2.3.8 Currículo 59 -- 2.3.8 Modelos pedagógicos 59 -- 2.3.9 P.E.I. 60 -- 2.3.10 Secuencias didácticas 60 -- 2.3.11 Lenguaje 61 -- 2.3.12 Lectura 61 -- 2.3.13 Didáctica 61 -- 2.3.14 Estrategias pedagógicas 62 -- 2.4 Fundamentación legal 66 -- Capítulo III. Diseño Metodológico 68 -- 3.1 Tipo y modalidad de investigación 68 -- 3.2 Diseño de investigación 68 -- 3.2 Informantes clave 72 -- 3.3 Técnicas y procedimientos de recolección de la información 73 -- 3.5 Instrumentos para la recolección de la información 74 -- 3.4 Técnicas para el procesamiento y análisis de la información 75 -- 3.5 Técnicas de validez y confiabilidad de los instrumentos 76 -- Capítulo IV. Análisis, Discusión y Conclusiones 79 -- 4.1 Diagnóstico del nivel de competencia lectora 79 – 4.1.1 Resultados por institución 79 -- 4.1.2 Análisis de la prueba pretest- Diagnóstico 81 -- 4.2 Intervención al grupo experimental con la estrategia basada en el método Doman 83 -- 4.2.1 Observaciones de la intervención en la IETDB 86 -- 4.2.2 Observaciones de la intervención en la IETAC 89 -- 4.2.3 Aspectos sobresalientes de las sesiones de aplicación de la estrategia 91 -- 4.3 Efecto de la estrategia en el fortalecimiento del proceso lector 96 -- 4.4 Discusión y conclusiones 100 -- Capítulo V. Estrategia Propuesta 104 -- 5.1 Título 104 -- 5.2 Objetivos de la estrategia 104 -- 5.3 Introducción 104 -- 5.4 Fundamentación teórica 105 -- 5.4.1 Procesos que intervienen en la lectura 105 -- 5.4.2 Método de Glenn Doman para aprender a leer 106 -- 5.5 Metodología 108 -- 5.6 Evaluación 111 -- Referencias 112 -- Anexos 128Magíster en EducaciónMaestrí
Substantial out-of-pocket health expenditure on prenatal check-ups: estimates from a sample of pregnant women in Cartagena, Colombia
No full textObjective: We aimed to estimate out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditures and the indirect costs related to prenatal check-ups in pregnant women seen in a maternity hospital in the Colombian Caribbean region. Methods: We described the economic costs of pregnant women, with no age limits, who attended prenatal check-ups in a maternity hospital. To estimate OOP and indirect costs owing to prenatal check-ups in pregnant women, a survey was constructed, where the woman was asked about some sociodemographic variables, to characterize those attending the prenatal check-ups. Absolute and relative frequencies, averages and confidence intervals were used to characterize the population and estimate OOP and indirect costs in pregnant women. The latter were estimated from the percentile method. A bootstrapping was performed to reduce the bias within the analysis. Results: In total, 56 pregnant women were surveyed, with an average age of 25.9 years (±6.2). All women surveyed had OOP associated to the prenatal check-up in at least one costitem, and the OOP ranged between 108.7. Transportation was the item with the highest frequency of expenses, followed by food, other expenses, and drugs. The mean of OOP expenditures was 18.1–31.4) for women who attended their prenatal check-up. Discussion: Considering the estimated OOP health expenditures caused by prenatal checkups by household income, women living with 2–3 minimum wages, these proportions were 5%, 3%, respectively. Unfortunately, this makes prenatal care a significant source of economic burden, impacting poor households in Cartagena
A review of the toxicology presence and removal of ketoprofen through adsorption technology
No full textThe present review was carried out to analyze the works developed using the adsorption technology to remove the anti-inflammatory ketoprofen (KET). The main factors that inflated the KET adsorption were analyzed. It was found that, among the developed adsorbents, those from ZnAl/biochar, algae-derived porous carbon, and powdered activated carbon were highly efficient, reaching maximum capacities of 1081, 443, and 362 mg g−1, respectively. It was found that the adsorption capacity tends to be higher when the pH is close to the value of pKa of the KET and when the adsorbent has a higher pHpzc. From the kinetics of KET adsorption, it was found that the adsorbent dosage and the initial KET concentration causes an inverse effect on the equilibrium time and adsorption capacity for all the system. Isothermal studies confirmed the predominance of monolayer adsorption present on homogeneous surfaces corresponding to the Langmuir isotherm; however, it is also possible to observe more heterogeneous surfaces corresponding to the Freundlich and Sips isotherm. The thermodynamics nature of the process was found to be exothermic and endothermic, demonstrating a possible relation with the Gibbs solvation energy. The adsorption mechanism indicates that the KET tends to be adsorbed due to physical interactions (hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions). In general, the adsorption technique proved to be an efficient technology in removing KET, where several adsorbents have already been developed and successfully applied in its removal. The next step is to overcome the laboratory scale barrier and apply these materials to treat real effluents. In addition, studies should be more focused on continuous and multi-component processes, providing results for future real-scale applications
Incidencia del sector informal en Colombia en la evolución del régimen de prima media con prestación definida durante los años 2018 al 2020
No full textThe purpose of this research is to make visible and explain the issue of the pension system and social security in Colombia in order to contribute to its improvement and strengthening. The deficiency in the pension system indicates that only a low percentage of workers will receive a pension while most of them will be on the verge of indigence. Currently, almost half of the active labor population works informally, which means low productivity and no contribution to the social security and pension system. Added to this is the global phenomenon of population ageing. Consequently, this research strives to explain the causal relationship between informal employment and the pension system. Its development is done through the qualitative method with a documentary design for which it uses secondary sources, fundamentally those provided by public entities, statistics and laws, for their respective study and analysis. With this research, it is concluded that there is indeed a relationship in which informal employment determines the sustainability of the pension system, hence the State has recently set itself the task of establishing public policies that formalize this large labor sector.El propósito de la presente investigación es visibilizar y explicar el tema del sistema pensional y la seguridad social en Colombia para así contribuir con su mejora y fortalecimiento. La deficiencia en el sistema de pensiones indica que solo un bajo porcentaje de trabajadores llegará a pensionarse mientras que la mayoría de estos estará al borde de la indigencia. Actualmente casi la mitad de la población laboralmente activa ejerce de manera informal lo que significa baja productiva y nulo aporte al sistema de seguridad social y de pensiones. A ello se suma el fenómeno global del envejecimiento de la población. En consecuencia, esta investigación se esfuerza por explicar la relación de causalidad entre el empleo informal y el sistema pensional. Su desarrollo se hace a través del método cualitativo con un diseño documental por lo que recurre a fuentes secundarias, fundamentalmente las proporcionadas por entes públicos, estadísticas y leyes, para su respectivo estudio y análisis. Con esta investigación se concluye que en efecto hay una relación en la que el empleo informal determina la sostenibilidad del sistema pensional, de ahí que el Estado recientemente se ha puesto como tarea establecer políticas públicas que formalicen a este gran sector laboral.INTRODUCCIÓN 9
1. MARCO TEORICO 9
1.1. Trabajo informal 9
1.1.1. Empleo informal en Colombia 14
1.2 Teoría estructuralista18
1.3 Teoría institucionalista 21
2. SISTEMA DE PENSIONES 25
2.1 Aspectos generales 25
2.1.1 Envejecimiento de la población 27
2.1.2 Teoría del triángulo inverso de Han Yik 29
2.2 Teorías para un sistema de pensión sustentable 30
2.2.1 Ahorro individual 30
2.2.2 Aumento en la edad de jubilación 38
2.2.3 Sistema multifondos 42
3. POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS 44
3.1 FORLAC 44
3.2 Políticas públicas en Cúcuta 45
3.3 Políticas públicas en Bogotá 46
3.4 Política Pública del Ministerio del Trabajo 47
3.5 BEPS y Colombia Mayor 51
CONCLUSIONES 53
REFERENCIAS 54Abogado(a)Pregrad
A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019
No full textImportance The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. Objective To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. Evidence Review The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world
Estrategias educomunicacionales para innovar la práctica del docente orientador en la institución educativa departamental técnica nueva granada de Magdalena, Colombia
No full textThe main objective of this research was to design educommunication strategies to innovate the
work of the teacher as a counselor. The methodology used was qualitative, descriptive,
diagnostic and propositional, from the perspective of the dialogic paradigm; for which a few
moments were designed, configured in 4 phases; Direct observation, documentary review and in
depth interviews were used to achieve the established purposes, applied to 2 directors, 1 student,
2 parents and 5 teachers. From the dialogic educommunication notion, a series of categories
emerged on the practice of the guidance teacher, which were characterized by educational
sessions in two analysis matrices: by composition and atomic. The fundamental contribution of
the study is constituted by a set of 10 guidelines, which guided the formulation of the strategies
that were specified in the construction of two mapping with the key elements to strengthen the
guiding teaching practice (PDO).La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo principal, diseñar estrategias educomunicacionales
para innovar la labor del docente como orientador. La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa, de
tipo descriptiva, diagnóstica y propositiva, bajo la perspectiva del paradigma dialógico; para lo
cual se diseñó unos momentos, configurados en 4 fases; se utilizó la observación directa, revisión
documental y entrevistas en profundidad para alcanzar los propósitos establecidos, aplicados a 2
directivos, 1 estudiante, 2 padres de familia y 5 docentes. De la noción educomunicacional
dialógica, surgió una serie de categorías sobre la práctica del docente orientador, que fueron
caracterizadas por jornadas educativas en dos matrices de análisis: por composición y atómica.
El aporte fundamental del estudio lo constituye un conjunto de 10 directrices, que guiaron la
formulación de las estrategias que se concretaron en la construcción de dos mapping con los
elementos clave para fortalecer la práctica docente orientadora (PDO)Lista de Tablas y Figuras 8
Introducción 9
Planteamiento del problema 13
Descripción del problema 13
Formulación del problema 17
Sistematización del problema de investigación 17
Objetivos 18
Objetivo general 18
Objetivos específicos 18
Justificación 19
Delimitación 22
Marco teórico-conceptual y legal 23
Estado del arte 23
Fundamentos legales 30
Fundamentos teóricos-conceptuales 32
Marco metodológicos 46
Paradigma epistémico 46
Diseño de investigación 46
Población y muestra 48
Tipo de muestreo y criterios de selección 49
Categorías de investigación 51
Control de categorías de investigación 52
Técnicas e instrumentos de investigación 52
Fiabilidad y validez de la investigación 53
Limitaciones de la investigación 54
Procedimientos para recolección y análisis de la información 54
Análisis e interpretación de los resultados 57
Descripción de práctica del docente orientador en la Institución Educativa Departamental Técnica Nueva Granada (IEDTNG) 57
Principales casos que estructuran el problema en relación con la necesidad de fortalecer la docencia orientadora en su estrategia de innovación 72
Forma en que el docente orientador aborda casos en la IEDTNG 73
Estrategias técnicas empleadas para cumplir la labor del docente orientador en la IEDTNG 76
Aspectos educomunicacionales que atiende el Docente Orientador como elementales en su práctica en la IEDTNG 78
Formulación de estrategias educomunicacionales desde el enfoque dialógico para innovar la práctica docente orientadora en la IEDTNG 83
Directrices educomunicacionales a ser formuladas para la innovación de la práctica docente orientadora en la IEDTNG 93
Conclusiones y recomendaciones 96
Propuesta Estrategias Educomunicacionales para Innovar la Practica del Docente Orientador 101
Referencias 118Magíster en EducaciónMaestrí
Existence of (N, λ)-periodic solutions for sbstract fractional difference equations
No full textWe establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of (N,λ)-periodic solutions for the following abstract model:
Δαu(n) = Au(n + 1) + f(n, u(n)), n ∈ Z,
where 0 < α ≤ 1, A is a closed linear operator defined in a Banach space
X, Δα denotes the fractional difference operator in the Weyl-like sense,
and f satisfies appropriate conditions
Environmental risk assessment of low molecule benzotriazoles in urban road rainwaters in Poland
No full textThis study aimed to identify and quantify benzotriazoles (BTRs) emissions from road traffic and paved areas in an urban environment. Heterocyclic organic compounds BTRs are an emerging threat, under-recognized and under-analyzed in most environmental and water legislation. They are hazardous, potentially mutagenic, and carcinogenic micropollutants, not susceptible to effective biodegradation, and they move easily through the trophic chain, contaminating the environment and water resources. Traffic activities are a common source of BTR emissions in the urban environment, directly polluting human habitats through the different routes and numerous vehicles circulating in the cities. Using twelve heterogeneous locations scattered over a metropolitan area in Poland as a case study, this research analyzed the presence of BTRs in water samples from runoff produced from rainwater and snowmelt. 1H-BTR, 4Me-BTR, 5Me-BTR and 5Cl-BTR were detected in the tested runoff water. 5Cl-BTR was present in all samples and in the highest concentrations reaching 47,000 ng/L. Risk quotients calculated on the basis of the determined concentrations indicate that the highest environmental risk is associated with the presence of 5Cl-BTR and the sum of 4Me-BTR and 5Me-BTR, and the most sensitive organisms are bacteria and invertebrates. The results indicate that it is possible to associate the occurrence of these contaminants with the type of cover, traffic intensity, and vehicle type
Identity and environmental law protection of the Mokaná indigenous people in Malambo, Atlántico
No full textEste artículo estudia a la comunidad indígena Mokaná en la protección del medioambiente y de su entorno social en el departamento del Atlántico; lo que permite entender el papel de las comunidades indígenas como defensoras de la vida. Tiene como objetivo evaluar la evolución jurisprudencial y legal del derecho en la protección del medio ambiente; y como una comunidad indígena encontró en la contaminación y la destrucción una problemática para la conservación de sus espacios y territorios sagrados. El diseño metodológico hace una revisión conceptual, histórica y jurídica sobre la protección de los derechos de una comunidad indígena en la región Caribe colombiana. Dentro de los resultados parciales se encuentra como la contaminación de los suelos y canales de agua deterioran la calidad de vida, y afectan de forma directa la subsistencia de las minorías étnicas, como los Mokaná, que ven en actividades como la pesca y la agricultura unas formas de subsistencia. Otro aporte se encuentra en la identificación de los mecanismos de participación administrativa que controlan la contaminación ambiental en ese municipio, buscando conocer la efectividad de los mecanismos y el impacto la forma de vida Mokaná.This article studies the Mokaná indigenous community in the protection of the environment and its social environment in the department of Atlántico; which allows us to understand the role of indigenous communities as defenders of life. Its objective is to evaluate the jurisprudential and legal evolution of the law in the protection of the environment; and as an indigenous community found contamination and destruction a problem for the conservation of their sacred spaces and territories. The methodological design makes a conceptual, historical and legal review on the protection of the rights of an indigenous community in the Colombian Caribbean region. Among the partial results is how the contamination of soils and water channels deteriorate the quality of life, and directly affect the subsistence of ethnic minorities, such as the Mokaná, who see in activities such as fishing and agriculture forms of subsistence. Another contribution is found in the identification of administrative participation mechanisms that control environmental pollution in that municipality, seeking to know the effectiveness of the mechanisms and the impact on the Mokaná way of life