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Information and communication technologies: Student perception of learning in times of Covid 19
No full textIntroducción: Los efectos causados por el COVID-19 en el ámbito educativo han tenido gran repercusión. Objetivo: Se evidencia la capacidad de resignificación de metodologías en la búsqueda de estrategias para generar adaptaciones mediante la implementación de las TIC, con el propósito de caracterizar las percepciones de los estudiantes en el proceso de aprendizaje, frente al uso de las TIC. Metodología: Se realizó un trabajo desde el enfoque cuantitativo, con alcance descriptivo, a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario y con base a una muestra de 123 estudiantes. Resultados y discusión: Se da evidencia que más del 50% se encuentran satisfechos con la educación remota mediada por las TIC y un alto porcentaje considera tener buen dominio. Conclusión: Esto proyecta un balance de la importancia del conocimiento y apropiación del uso de las TIC como medio para el aprendizaje y herramienta para lograr una formación holística desde la comunicación e interacción y la oportunidad de transformar el currículo actual.Introduction: The effects caused by COVID-19 in the educational field have had a great impact. Objective: The ability to redefine methodologies is evidenced in the search for strategies to generate adaptations through the implementation of ICT, with the purpose of characterizing the perceptions of students in the learning process, regarding the use of ICT. Methodology: A work was carried out from a quantitative approach, with a descriptive scope, through the application of a questionnaire and based on a sample than 123 students. Results and discussion: There is evidence that more than 50% are satisfied with remote education mediated by ICT and a high percentage consider they have a good command. Conclusions: This projects a balance of the importance of knowledge and appropriation of the use of ICT as a means for learning and a tool to achieve a holistic training from communication and interaction and the opportunity to transform the current curriculu
Percepção de alunos e professores do ensino fundamental sobre as competências científicas associadas ao desenvolvimento cognitivo do aluno
No full textObjetivo. El propósito principal del estudio fue analizar la percepción del personal docente y estudiantado de 5.to grado de básica primaria en relación con el desarrollo cognitivo y las competencias científicas. Metodología. Se consideró un enfoque descriptivo cuantitativo, donde se tomó una muestra de 101 estudiantes de 5° y un grupo de 18 docentes de básica primaria en una institución educativa de la región caribe colombiana, a quienes se les aplicaron encuestas procesadas con los parámetros de la estadística descriptiva, tratados a partir de la distribución de frecuencias, el análisis porcentual y las medidas de tendencia. Resultados. Se obtuvo que, desde la perspectiva estudiantil, el bajo rendimiento académico se asocia con la poca comprensión de los temas desarrollados en el aula, a consecuencia de las metodologías implementadas y desde la visión docente, las dificultades académicas se asocian al bajo desarrollo de los procesos cognitivos y a la apatía del estudiantado frente a sus estudios. Conclusiones. Los resultados indican que, en cuanto a las competencias científicas, el estudiantado presenta un desempeño limitado en procesos que evidencian la comprensión, construcción y análisis del conocimiento científico y desde la práctica docente se hace necesario fortalecer conocimientos asociados a las prácticas científicas en el aula. Se determinó que dentro de los factores que limitan el desarrollo cognitivo del estudiantado se encuentran las prácticas pedagógicas tradicionales; no obstante, el personal docente reconoce la importancia de las competencias científicas, acompañadas de estrategias pedagógicas innovadoras que favorezcan su desarrollo.Objective. This study mainly aimed to analyze the perception of teaching staff and 5th-grade primary school students about cognitive development and scientific skills. Methodology. A quantitative descriptive approach was used. Surveys were applied to a sample of 101 5th-grade students and 18 primary school teachers from a school in the Colombian Caribbean region. They were processed under the parameters of descriptive statistics and organized according to frequency distributions, percentage analysis, and trend measurements. Results. From the student perspective, it was obtained that low academic performance is associated with little understanding of the topics developed in the classroom as a result of the implemented methodologies. From the teacher’s point of view, academic difficulties are related to the low development of cognitive processes and students’ apathy towards their studies. Conclusions. In terms of scientific skills, the results show that the student body presents a limited performance in processes that demonstrate the understanding, construction, and analysis of scientific knowledge; so, from teaching practice, it is necessary to strengthen knowledge associated with scientific practices in the classroom. It was determined that traditional pedagogical practices are among the factors limiting students’ cognitive development. However, the teaching staff recognizes the importance of scientific skills, accompanied by innovative pedagogical strategies that favor their development.Objetivo. O objetivo principal do estudo foi analisar a percepção do corpo docente e dos alunos do 5º ano do ensino fundamental em relação ao desenvolvimento cognitivo e habilidades científicas. Metodologia. Considerou-se uma abordagem quantitativa descritiva, onde se utilizou uma amostra de 101 alunos do 5º ano e um grupo de 18 professores do ensino fundamental de uma instituição educacional da região do Caribe colombiano, aos quais foram aplicadas pesquisas. Foram processados sob os parâmetros da estatística descritiva, tratados a partir da distribuição de frequências, da análise percentual e das medidas de tendência. Resultados. Obteve-se que, do ponto de vista do aluno, o baixo rendimento acadêmico está associado à pouca compreensão dos temas desenvolvidos em sala de aula em decorrência das metodologias implementadas e do ponto de vista do ensino, as dificuldades acadêmicas estão associadas ao baixo desenvolvimento da capacidade cognitiva. processos e a apatia dos alunos em relação aos estudos. Conclusões. Os resultados indicam que, em termos de competências científicas, o corpo discente apresenta uma atuação limitada em processos que demonstram a compreensão, construção e análise do conhecimento científico e a partir da prática docente, é necessário fortalecer os saberes associados às práticas científicas em sala de aula. Foi determinado que dentro dos fatores que limitam o desenvolvimento cognitivo dos alunos, estão as práticas pedagógicas tradicionais; no entanto, o corpo docente reconhece a importância das competências científicas, acompanhadas de estratégias pedagógicas inovadoras que favorecem o seu desenvolvimento
Analysis of the relationship between education and technology
No full textIntroducción: Los procesos formativos han incorporado un sinnúmero de tecnologías facilitadoras del aprendizaje, logrando mayor eficiencia e innovación en la mediación didáctica pedagógica. Objetivo: El presente artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo analizar la importancia de las nuevas tecnologías en el campo educativo y su impacto en diferentes ámbitos de la sociedad, conllevando a que el individuo tenga un mejor desempeño en sus labores cotidianas. Metodología: Paradigma interpretativo con enfoque cualitativo, la técnica de análisis documental y como instrumento de recolección de información una ficha de registros de datos, se consultaron artículos, tesis actualizadas sobre educación y tecnología. Resultados y discusión: Los resultados muestran la necesidad de incorporar las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación-TIC a los procesos didácticos y fortalecer su apropiación en las escuelas. En lo relacionado con el impacto de la tecnología en la sociedad resalta que las personas tienen la percepción de que adquirir conocimientos y habilidades practicas sobre tecnología incrementará la productividad y repercutirá en una mejoría de la calidad de vida. Conclusiones: Se evidencia la necesidad por parte del Estado de definir políticas públicas en educación que ayuden a mejorar el acceso, uso y apropiación de las TIC, por cuanto son un factor determinante para el desempeño eficiente en diversos sectores de la sociedad posibilitando la resolución de problemas con mayor productividad en términos de tiempos y costos.Introduction: Training processes have incorporated a number of learning facilitating technologies, achieving greater efficiency and innovation in pedagogical didactic mediation. Objective: This review article aims to analyze the importance of new technologies in the educational field and its impact on different areas of society, leading to better individual performance in their daily work. Methodology: interpretive paradigm with a qualitative approach, the documentary analysis technique and a data record sheet as an instrument for collecting information, articles, updated theses on education and technology were consulted. Results and discussion: The results show the need to incorporate Information and Communication Technologies-ICT into teaching processes and strengthen their appropriation in schools. Regarding the impact of technology on society, it stands out that people have the perception that acquiring knowledge and practical skills about technology will increase productivity and have an impact on improving quality of life. Conclusions: The need for the State to define public policies in education that help improve access, use and appropriation of ICTs is evident, since they are a determining factor for efficient performance in various sectors of society, enabling the resolution of problems with greater productivity in terms of time and costs
Evolution of women in the spanish labor market of the tourism industry
No full textTourism has become one of the most important industries nowadays, which has a great impact on the economy and job creation. Women are a key factor for this sector, since there is a greater number of them with higher education and, at the level of occupation, more than half of the staff is female. Access to formal education, the creation of policies focused on eradicating inequality in the labor market and the new generations, have entailed that more and more women are present in this sector, but also in management and key positions, but still to a lesser extent
Antimicrobial bilayer film based on chitosan/electrospun zein fiber loaded with jaboticaba peel extract for food packaging applications
No full textThis work focused on developing an active bilayer film based on natural extract. Thus, the jaboticaba peel extract (JPE) was produced and characterized and showed promising application as a natural additive in biopolymeric materials. The zein fiber and bilayer films were produced using a chitosan film (casting) and zein fiber (electrospinning), with and without JPE. All samples were evaluated according to thickness, solubility in water, water vapor permeability, and main diameter, and for these, zein fiber, chitosan/zein fiber, and chitosan/zein fiber + 3% JPE showed values of 0.19, 0.51, and 0.50 mm, 36.50, 12.96, and 27.38%, 4.48 × 10−9, 1.6 × 10−10, and 1.58 × 10−10 (g m−1 Pa−1 s−1), and 6.094, 4.685, and 3.620 μm, respectively. These results showed that the addition of a second layer improved the barrier properties of the material when compared to the monolayer zein fiber. The thermal stability analysis proved that the addition of JPE also improved this parameter and the interactions between the components of the zein fiber and bilayer films; additionally, the effective presence of JPE was shown through FTIR spectra. In the end, the active potential of the material was confirmed by antimicrobial analysis since the bilayer film with JPE showed inhibition halos against E. coli and S. aureus
Development of a sustainable Gynerium sagittatum panel for architectural interiors based on the ancestral Zenú knowledge of Colombia
No full textSe presentan los resultados de una investigación en la que se desarrollaron materiales sustitutos a la madera con un enfoque sostenible, aplicables al diseño de interiores arquitectónicos, a partir de la reinterpretación de técnicas artesanales de las comunidades indígenas Zenú de Colombia. Siguiendo un método experimental, se desarrolló un material compensado elaborado con base en tiras de Gynerium sagittatum y adhesivo PVA. Se caracterizó de forma física y mecánica el material en 2 series: 3 500 psi y 4 500 psi de presión en frío. Los paneles de la serie 1, presentaron un mejor comportamiento en los ensayos, especialmente en las pruebas de resistencia, mostrándose en los análisis como un material resistente con un rango de densidad de 0.711 g/cm2; resultados para MOR 158.61 MPa y MOE 4912.72 MPa.The results of a research are presented, in which substitute materials for wood were developed with a sustainable approach, applicable to the design of architectural interiors, based on the reinterpretation of artisanal techniques of the Zenú indigenous communities of Colombia. Following an experimental method, a compensated material made from strips of Gynerium sagittatum and PVA adhesive was developed. The material was characterized physically and mechanically in 2 series: 3500 psi y 4500 psi of cold pressure. The panels of series 1, presented a better performance in the tests, especially in the resistance tests, showing in the analysis as a resistant material with a density range of 0.711 g/cmᵌ; results for MOR 158.61 MPa and MOE 4912.72 MPa
Design of outdoor recreational hospital spaces: creating architectural objects in the natural environment
No full textEl objetivo del artículo es identificar las características del diseño de los espacios hospitalarios recreativos al aire libre en el marco del diseño de las instalaciones sanitarias modernas. Las prácticas arquitectónicas de diseño revelan la necesidad de incorporar espacios recreativos al aire libre en los diseños arquitectónicos de las instalaciones médicas modernas. Se realiza un análisis detallado de dichos espacios abiertos a partir de los ejemplos de los proyectos de diseño del Hospital Infantil de Shenzhen (China), el Hospital Seijo Kinoshita (Japón), el Hospital de Rehabilitación de Narita (Japón), el Hospital Khoo Teck Puat (China) y el complejo hospitalario del Hospital General Ng Teng Fong y el Hospital Comunitario de Jurong (NTFGH, Singapur). Los autores defienden la necesidad de dedicar más esfuerzos al análisis de los espacios hospitalarios recreativos abiertos, ya que éstos son tanto un componente del diseño de las instituciones médicas modernas como un elemento importante del concepto de "arquitectura sanitaria".The purpose of the paper is to identify the features of the design of outdoor recreational hospital spaces in the framework of the design of modern healthcare facilities. The architectural practices of design reveal the need to incorporate outdoor recreational spaces in the architectural designs for modern medical facilities, A detailed analysis of such open spaces is conducted on the examples of design projects for the Shenzhen Children’s Hospital (China), Seijo Kinoshita Hospital (Japan), Narita Rehabilitation Hospital (Japan), Khoo Teck Puat Hospital (China), and the hospital complex of the Ng Teng Fong General Hospital and the Jurong Community Hospital (NTFGH, Singapore). The authors argue for the need to devote more effort to the analysis of open recreational hospital spaces because the latter are both a component of the design of modern medical institutions and an important element of the concept of “healthcare architecture”
Dynamic analysis and comparison of control techniques in the process of obtaining bioethanol
No full textIntroducción— Modelos de reactores anteriores han sido utilizados para estudiar el comportamiento dinámico de sistemas de producción de bioetanol, sin embargo, pocos han elaborado un estudio comparativo de estrategias de control que estabilicen y controlen las variables de interés.
Objetivo— El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la estabilidad de un sistema de fermentación para obtención de bioetanol, su comportamiento dinámico, la caracterización de puntos de equilibrio y puntos de bifurcación del modelo matemático planteado por Jarzebski en 1992 para una fermentación continua, teniendo en cuenta el rendimiento de la reacción en un biorreactor y la aplicación de técnicas de control industrial para su optimización.
Metodología— Se utilizaron métodos de revisión y diseño de tipo cuantitativo y sistematizado.
Resultados— Se presenta la comparación entre dos estrategias de control para controlar la producción de bioetanol, el control PID y el control Fuzzy. Se observó un mejor comportamiento dinámico cuando se utilizó el controlador Fuzzy.
Conclusiones— Este trabajo muestra la importancia del análisis de estabilidad de un sistema en continuo y cómo éste puede definir las regiones de interés operativo, en este caso para la producción de etanol, mostrando que la productividad es inversamente proporcional a la tasa de dilución. Finalmente, se concluye que se tiene un mejor comportamiento dinámico del sistema cuando se utiliza un controlador Fuzzy.Introduction— Previous reactor models have been used to study the dynamic behavior of bioethanol production systems, however, few have elaborated a comparative study of control strategies that stabilize and control the variables of interest.
Objective— The objective of this study is to analyze the stability of a fermentation system to obtain bioethanol, its dynamic behavior, the characterization of equilibrium points and bifurcation points of the mathematical model proposed by Jarzebski in 1992 for a continuous fermentation, taking into account the performance of the reaction in a bioreactor and the application of industrial control techniques for its optimization.
Methodology— Review and design methods of quantitative and systematized type were used.
Results— The comparison between two control strategies to control bioethanol production, PID control and Fuzzy.
Conclusions— This work shows the importance of the stability analysis of a continuous system and how it can define the regions of operational interest, in this case for ethanol production, showing that productivity is inversely proportional to the dilution rate. Finally, it is concluded that a better dynamic behavior of the system is obtained when a Fuzzy controller is used. This work also shows the importance of the stability analysis of a continuous system and how it can define the regions of operational interest, in this case for the production of ethanol
Utilidade clínica do phototest via teleneuropsicologia em idosos rurais chilenos
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has shown the need for neuropsychological care for older adults with memory complaints in different contexts, including rural areas or areas with difficult access. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the clinical utility of the Phototest, through telemedicine, to identify mild cognitive impairment in rural older adults with memory complaints, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional, case-control, and clinical utility comparison of brief cognitive tests (BCTs). The sample included 111 rural elderly people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 130 healthy controls from the Los Lagos region, Chile. The instruments adopted were modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSEm) and adapted version of the Phototest (PT) for Chile. Results: To identify mild cognitive impairment, using a cutoff score of 27–28 points, the Phototest showed a sensitivity of 96.6% and a specificity of 81.8%; indicators superior to those of the MMSEm. Conclusions: The Phototest is more accurate than the MMSEm in identifying cognitive alterations in rural older adults with cognitive memory complaints through telemedicine. Therefore, its use in primary care is recommended in order to perform early detection of preclinical cognitive alterations in mild cognitive impairment or neurodegenerative diseases.. A pandemia de COVID-19 mostrou a necessidade de cuidados neuropsicológicos para adultos idosos com queixas de memória em diferentes contextos, incluindo áreas rurais ou áreas de difícil acesso. Objetivo: Analisar a utilidade clínica do Phototest, por meio da telemedicina, para identificar uma leve deficiência cognitiva em adultos idosos rurais com queixas de memória, durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Realizamos uma comparação transversal, caso-controle e utilidade clínica dos testes cognitivos breves. Amostra: Cento e onze idosos rurais com deficiência cognitiva leve (DCL) e 130 controles saudáveis da região de Los Lagos, Chile. Instrumentos: Minimental modificado (MMSEm) e versão do teste fotográfico (PT) adaptada para o Chile. Resultados: Para identificar a DCL, usando pontuação de corte de 27-28 pontos, o Phototest mostrou sensibilidade de 96,6% e especificidade de 81,8%; indicadores superiores aos do MMSEm. Conclusões: O Phototest é mais preciso que o MMSEm para identificar, por meio da telemedicina, alterações cognitivas em adultos idosos rurais com queixas de memória cognitiva. Sendo assim, seu uso na atenção primária é recomendado para realizar a detecção precoce de alterações cognitivas pré-clínicas em DCL ou doenças neurodegenerativas
Strategies of permanent formation directed to the communicative flow in educational environments
No full textIntroducción: La formación direccionada a los procesos comunicativos permite optimizar los flujos informacionales que se desarrollan en el contexto de la educación superior. Objetivo: El objetivo del artículo es exponer el diseño de un modelo permanente de formación que se centre en fortalecer el flujo comunicacional en docentes y estudiantes de administración de empresas en universidades públicas del caribe colombiano. Metodología: La investigación se desarrolla bajo el paradigma positivista, tipificada como proyectiva cuyo diseño es no experimental, transeccional, de campo. La muestra está conformada por 27 docentes y 82 estudiantes del referido programa académico. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante encuestas, utilizándose un cuestionario de 36 ítems. El análisis de los datos se hace a través de la estadística inferencial, mediante el cálculo de ANOVA de un Factor. Resultados y discusión: los procesos de formación permanente centrados en fortalecer el flujo comunicacional son insuficientes por cuanto deben fortalecerse las estrategias que conlleven a un intercambio efectivo de información y conocimiento entre los diferentes actores e instancias universitarias. Conclusiones: Es importante que los docentes y estudiantes consoliden su compromiso con los procesos encaminados a la participación universitaria, generando estrategias de emprendimiento en su formación permanente e incrementando la apropiación de los procesos de comunicación hacia el interior de la organización. Introduccion: That are developed in the context of higher education. Objective: The objective of the article is to expose the design of a permanent training model focused on strengthening the communicational flow in teachers and students of business administration in public universities of the Colombian Caribbean. Methodology: The research is developed under the positivist paradigm, typified as projective whose design is non-experimental, transectional, field. The sample is made up of 27 teachers and 82 students of the referred academic program. The data were collected by means of surveys, using a 36-item questionnaire. The analysis of the data is done through inferential statistics, by calculating ANOVA of one factor. Results and discussion: the permanent training processes focused on strengthening the communicational flow are insufficient because the strategies that lead to an effective exchange of information and knowledge among the different actors and university instances should be strengthened. Conclusions: It is important that teachers and students consolidate their commitment to the processes aimed at university participation, generating entrepreneurial strategies in their permanent training, and increasing the appropriation of communication processes within the organization.