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Emission of bisphenol a and four new analogs from industrial wastewater treatment plants in the production processes of polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate in South America
No full textThe study of the presence of bisphenol analogs in the environment has been very relevant in recent years because their toxic potential has been discovered, and since they are not regulated like bisphenol A, their use and presence in industry has been excessive. This study identifies and quantifies for the first time the presence of bisphenol A and four uncommon bisphenol analogs in waste from polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) production processes that may originate from the degradation of some compounds used during resin synthesis in Colombia to determine the effectiveness of removal of these components. The data obtained show that the treatments used in these waters are insufficient to eliminate 40% of the bisphenols present in them, and when evaluating the profiles of compounds, it is clear that the compound with the highest removal during the PP process was D-BPA-1, while the compound with the highest removal during the PET process was D-BPA-4, indicating that identification and elimination systems for bisphenols are rudimentary
Probabilistic approach to determine the spatial distribution of the antecedent moisture conditions for different return periods in the Atlántico region, Colombia
No full textPrevious soil moisture conditions play an important role in the design of hydraulic structures because they are directly related to the runoff threshold associated with a return period. These represent one of the main determinants of the runoff response of a drainage basin. One of the main difficulties facing hydrologists in Colombia lies in the time spent gathering and analyzing information related to the selection of antecedent moisture conditions. In this study, complete records from 19 rainfall stations located in the Atlántico region, Colombia, were used to analyze the cumulative precipitation during the 5 days prior to the annual maximum daily precipitation associated with different return periods using the Gev, Gumbel, Pearson Type III and Log Pearson Type III probability distributions. Different interpolation methods (IDW, kriging and spline) were applied to evaluate the spatial distribution of the antecedent moisture conditions. The main contribution of this research is establishing, using a probabilistic approach, the behavior of antecedent moisture conditions in a particular region, which can be used by engineers and designers to plan water infrastructure. This probabilistic approach was applied to a case study of the Atlántico region, Colombia, where the spatial distribution of antecedent moisture conditions was calculated for several return periods. The results indicate that the better results were obtained with the IDW interpolation method, and the Pearson Type III and Gumbel distributions also showed the best fits based on the Akaike criterion
Liquidity in the forms of contemporary Japanese architecture. A look at the work of Junya Ishigami
No full textEl espacio arquitectónico de la contemporaneidad, específicamente en las primeras décadas del siglo XXI, ha buscado estrategias para acercarse a las dinámicas de la sociedad que la habita, catalogada por el sociólogo Zygmunt Bauman como líquida. El presente artículo tiene el propósito de evidenciar cómo la arquitectura de Junya Ishigami constituye una materialización tangible de la idea de liquidez en la arquitectura, convirtiéndose en referente para plasmar esta condición en el espacio habitable. El logro de este objetivo condujo a la investigación a traspasar referencias que transitan en la filosofía, como la apuesta de Bauman en la Modernidad Líquida. Estos planteamientos encuentran en los postulados del sociólogo, el fundamento necesario para explicar la impermanencia de la arquitectura a través de la liquidez. Las prácticas arquitectónicas de la postmodernidad muestran las fases germinales de lo que hoy puede conceptuarse como arquitectura y espacio líquido. Estas referencias y el análisis detallado de los proyectos de Ishigami: Table, Pabellón de la Bienal de Venecia y KAIT, demuestran que los aportes de su arquitectura a través de la indeterminación, la fluidez, la viscosidad, la transparencia y la tensión, constituyen las características fundamentales de un espacio líquido habitable.The architectural space of contemporaneity, specifically in the first decades of the 21st century, has sought strategies to approach the dynamics of the society that inhabits it, categorized by sociologist Zygmunt Bauman as liquid. The purpose of this article is to show how Junya Ishigami's architecture constitutes a tangible materialization of the idea of liquidity in architecture, becoming a reference to capture this condition in the habitable space. The achievement of this objective led the research to go beyond references that transit in philosophy, such as Bauman's bet on Liquid Modernity. These approaches find in the sociologist's postulates, the necessary foundation to explain the impermanence of architecture through liquidity. The architectural practices of postmodernity show the germinal phases of what today can be conceptualized as liquid architecture and space. These references and the detailed analysis of Ishigami's projects: Table, Venice Biennale Pavilion and KAIT, demonstrate that the contributions of his architecture through indeterminacy, fluidity, viscosity, transparency and tension, constitute the fundamental characteristics of a habitable liquid space
Evaluación de la configuración del reactor electrolítico para la regeneración de carbón activado granular saturado con azul de metileno
No full textEn este espacio propiciado por el Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, el tema principal es el carbón activado, su proceso de activación, los tipos de activación y su adsorción, la cual se divide en fisisorción y quimisorción. Las etapas de absorción con carbón activado; etapa 1: Adsorción y etapa 2: Regeneración. También se explica en qué consiste la regeneración electroquímica. Para finalizar se utiliza como sustancia modelo el Azul de Metileno preparado con carbón activado (CAG) para conocer los efectos de los ciclos de regeneración
Pore volume and surface diffusion model (PVSDM) applied for single and binary dye adsorption systems
No full textThe PVSDM model was used for single and binary dye adsorption systems. This model is commonly used for adsorption in single systems, but this is the first time used in a binary mixture of dyes in the literature. To that end, a new adsorbent derived from Bauhinia forficata waste was created and described for eventual use in the treatment of a dye combination (methylene blue and crystal violet). The single and binary isotherms revealed that increasing the temperature decreases the methylene blue adsorption capacity while increasing the crystal violet adsorption capacity. The Langmuir and extended Langmuir models described the single and binary systems, respectively. Maximum adsorption capacities of 229.13 mg g−1 at 298 K for methylene blue and 324.12 mg g−1 at 328 K for crystal violet were obtained. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process for both dyes is spontaneous, being exothermic for the methylene blue and endothermic for the crystal violet. Similar decay curves for the single and binary systems were observed. The PVSDM was able to describe both single and binary adsorption systems. The external mass transfer and the surface diffusion change according to the initial dye concentration and the system type (single or binary)
Clarivate bibliométricos con incites B&A generación de reportes
No full text(Webinar) Generación de reportes bibliométricos con incites B&A,
Elevar el nivel de formación del bibliotecario en el campo de
bibliométrica compartiendo conceptos, métodos y estrategias de
implementación de métricas e indicadores; y que como resultado
se obtenga una reducción en los tiempos de análisis, obtención de
información confiable, facilitando una toma decisiones más certera
en la selección de proyectos y asignación de recurso
Cognitive functioning as an endophenotype of anorexia nervosa. A study in first-degree relatives unaffected by the disease
No full textEl perfil cognitivo de los pacientes con anorexia nerviosa se caracteriza por dificultades en la flexibilidad mental y en la coherencia central. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar si los familiares de primer grado no afectados de los pacientes presentan estas dificultades cognitivas, que podrían representar rasgos endofenotípicos de la enfermedad. Fueron estudiadas 34 mujeres: 17 familiares de primer grado (madres y hermanas) de pacientes con anorexia nerviosa y 17 controles sanos agrupados por edad y escolaridad. Se consideraron el índice de masa corporal, la ansiedad, la depresión, los síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos y los relacionados con los trastornos alimentarios. Se evaluó la coherencia central, mediante la copia de la Figura Compleja de Rey, y la flexibilidad mental, mediante el test de Stroop, el test de los trazos B y el test de fluencia fonológica. Los familiares de pacientes con anorexia nerviosa presentaron un menor rendimiento en las medidas de coherencia central (p < .05) y en fluencia fonológica (p < .05) que los controles sanos. Se observó una correlación entre el test de Stroop y los síntomas de depresión y trastornos alimentarios (p < .05). Los familiares de primer grado no afectados de pacientes con anorexia nerviosa presentaron dificultades en la coherencia central y, en menor grado, en la flexibilidad mental. Los resultados en los familiares indican que este perfil podría ser mediado genéticamente, constituyendo un rasgo característico de la anorexia nerviosa y, por ende, un posible candidato a endofenotipo neuropsicológico de esta enfermedad. Palabras clave: anorexia nerviosa, neuropsicología, coherencia central, flexibilidad mental, endofenotipo.The cognitive profile of patients with anorexia nervosa is characterized by difficulties in central coherence and mental flexibility. Central coherence is defined by the ability to integrate incoming information in its own context, and weakness in central coherence is characterized by poor overall processing and superior detail processing. Mental flexibility is defined by the ability to change the course of a thought or action according to the demands of the environment. Alterations in this cognitive domain generate rigid and inflexible behavior. An open question in the literature is whether these cognitive characteristics are a transient state derived from the disease or whether they are stable traits associated with anorexia nervosa and endophenotypical features of this disease. The concept of endophenotype refers to the internal phenotype that is not clinically appreciable but can be observed indirectly through deficits that arise in the performance of certain neuropsychological tests. In recent years the search for endophenotypes has been renewed in the field of psychiatry as they would constitute an important route for the understanding of the biological and genetic bases of mental illnesses, constituting markers that allow a diagnosis before the onset of clinical symptomatology. For a cognitive marker to be considered an endophenotype it must meet a series of characteristics such as being measurable, inherited, found in patients with and without active disease and in first-degree relatives not affected by the disease. The aim of the present study was to assess whether difficulties in central coherence and mental flexibility are shared by unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with anorexia nervosa and thus constitute an endophenotypical feature of this disease. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive-comparative study in which 34 women participated: 17 unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with anorexia nervosa (mothers and sisters) and 17 healthy controls matched by age and education. For the study of central coherence the copy of Rey’s Complex Figure was used and to assess set-shifting the Stroop test, the Trail Making Test B and the Phonological Fluency test were used. Demographic and clinical aspects such as age, educational level, body mass index, anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive and eating disorder related symptoms were also evaluated. First-degree relatives of patients with anorexia nervosa showed lower performance on measures of central coherence (p < .05) and phonological fluency (p < .05) than healthy controls. A correlation was observed between the Stroop test and depression and eating disorders symptoms (p < .05). The results of this study show that unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with anorexia nervosa presented alterations in central coherence and, to a lesser degree, in mental flexibility. These results, in addition to previous research in which difficulties persisted even after recovery, indicate that these alterations could be genetically mediated, constituting a characteristic trait of anorexia nervosa and therefore a possible candidate for neuropsychological endophenotype of this disease. Regarding practical implications of the study, the findings reinforce the importance of cognitive remediation treatments not only for patients with anorexia nervosa but also emphasize that they could be useful for unaffected family members. Taking into account that family intervention is a widely used tool in the psychological treatment of anorexia, improving the perception of the patient and his relatives about cognitive biases, could contribute to raising awareness of the disease, something that patients with anorexia nervosa do not usually have, and generate a positive impact on the response to treatment as a whole
El fenómeno de la evasión fiscal en las Sociedades por Acciones Simplificadas (SAS)
No full textEl tema de impuestos en es problemático, en parte porque la legislación tributaria está plagada de vacíos legales, y en parte porque ha sido ineficaz para lidiar con el problema de la evasión. Entendiendo la importancia que tienen las SAS dentro de la economía nacional, se formuló la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Cuales son los elementos y características de la evasión fiscal en las Sociedades por Acciones Simplificadas (SAS)? La metodología supone una investigación de corte socio-jurídico con un enfoque cualitativo; se trata de una investigación descriptiva particularizando en las SAS colombianas y sus comportamientos tributarios en el periodo que va del año 2010 al año 2020. Se recolectaron datos mediante la revisión bibliográfica; todos los datos se sometieron a análisis temático para poder extraer información cualitativa relevante. En últimas, es evidente que la evasión fiscal es un fenómeno con dimensiones económicas, sociales, políticas, legales y culturales. Cualquier solución a esta problemática requiere de medidas o políticas multidimensionales.The tax issue in is problematic, in part because the tax legislation is riddled with loopholes, and in part because it has been ineffective in dealing with the problem of evasion. Understanding the importance of simplified Stock Companies (SAS) within the national economy, the following research question was formulated: What are the elements and characteristics of tax evasion in Simplified Stock Companies (SAS)? The methodology assumes a socio-legal investigation with a qualitative approach; This is a descriptive investigation particularizing the Colombian SAS and their tax behavior in the period from 2010 to 2020. Data was collected through bibliographic review; All data was subjected to thematic analysis in order to extract relevant qualitative information. Ultimately, it is clear that tax evasion is a phenomenon with economic, social, political, legal and cultural dimensions. Any solution to this problem requires multidimensional measures or policies.CAPÍTULO 1
1.1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA
1.1.1. Formulación del Problema
1.2. OBJETIVOS PROVISIONALES
1.2.1. Objetivo General
1.2.2. Objetivos Específicos
1.3. JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA
1.4. DELIMITACIÓN
1.4.1. Delimitación Espacial
1.4.2. Delimitación Temporal
1.4.3. Delimitación Científica
CAPÍTULO 2
2.1 MARCO TEÓRICO
2.1.1. El Fenómeno de la Evasión
2.1.2. Los Costos de la Evasión
2.1.3. Las Causas de la Evasión
2.1.4. Los Efectos de la Evasión
2.1.5. Conformación de las SAS
2.1.6. Liquidación de las SAS
2.1.7. Tipos de Responsabilidad que Recaen sobre las SAS
2.1.8. Los Impuestos y las SAS
2.2. REFERENTES HISTÓRICOS
2.2.1. Orígenes del Derecho Tributario
2.2.2. Principios del Derecho Tributario
2.2.3. Evolución del Derecho Tributario en Colombia
2.3. REFERENTES CONTEXTUALES
2.3.1. Reformas Tributarias (2010 – 2020)
2.4. MARCO CONCEPTUAL
2.4.1. Sociedad por Acciones Simplificada (SAS)
2.4.2. Evasión fiscal
2.4.3. Impuestos
2.4.4. Reforma Tributaria
2.4.5. Estatuto Tributario
2.5. MARCO LEGAL
2.5.1. Fundamento Legal Internacional y Legislación Comparada
2.5.2. Decreto 624 de 1989
2.5.3. Ley 1258 de 2008
2.5.4. Ley 1370 de 2009
2.5.5. Ley 1430 de 2010
2.5.6. Ley 1607 de 2012
2.5.7. Ley 1739 de 2014
2.5.8. Ley 1819 de 2016
2.5.9. Ley 2010 de 2019
CAPÍTULO 3
3.1. METODOLOGÍA
3.1.1. Tipo de corte
3.1.2. Enfoque de la investigación
3.1.3. Método
3.1.4. Paradigma
3.1.5. Nivel
3.1.6. Población
3.1.7. Muestra
3.1.8. Técnicas de recolección de datos
3.1.9. Fuentes de información
3.2. ANÁLISIS Y DISCUSIÓN DE RESULTADOS
3.3. CONCLUSIONES
3.4. RECOMENDACIONES
BIBLIOGRAFÍAAbogado(a)Pregrad
Management processes in experimental institutions of university education
No full textLa gestión institucional en las universidades comprende el empleo de recursos, técnicas y capacidades que soportan su direccionamiento estratégico, y además, permite cumplir con las funciones de docencia, investigación y extensión; las cuales articulan procesos académicos y administrativos. De allí, nace la interrogante que sirve de fundamento a este artículo ¿Cómo son los procesos de gestión emprendidos por las Instituciones de Educación Universitaria? En consecuencia, el objetivo de esta investigación es describir estos procesos en Instituciones de Educación Universitaria de carácter experimental, teniendo como referente los subsistemas que los componen. El estudio de tipo descriptivo, realizado bajo un enfoque empírico, con diseño de campo se delimita a las Universidades Experimentales del Estado Falcón, Venezuela. Según los criterios de inclusión, se consideró a la Universidad Nacional Experimental Francisco de Miranda como muestra, en la cual fueron consultadas las autoridades integrantes del Consejo Universitario. Los principales resultados arrojan fortalezas como identidad consolidada, talento formado, comprometido, así como esfuerzos valiosos en el cumplimiento de los procesos. Como contraparte, se demuestra rigidez estructural, escasos recursos institucionales, y deficiencias en la práctica de las funciones directivas. Se concluye en la necesidad de adoptar metodologías gerenciales dinámicas y adaptables a estas organizaciones.Institutional management in universities includes the use of resources, techniques and capabilities that support their strategic direction, and also allows them to fulfill the functions of teaching, research and extension, which articulate academic and administrative processes. From there, the question that serves as the basis for this article arises: How are the management processes undertaken by the University Education Institutions? Consequently, the objective of this research is to describe these processes in experimental University Education Institutions, taking as a reference the subsystems that compose them. The study of
descriptive type, carried out under an empirical approach, with field design is delimited to the Experimental Universities of Falcon State, Venezuela. According to the inclusion criteria, the Universidad Nacional Experimental Francisco de Miranda was considered as a sample, in which the authorities of the University Council were consulted. The main results show strengths such as consolidated identity, trained and committed talent, as well as valuable efforts in the fulfillment of processes. On the other hand, structural rigidity, scarce institutional resources, and deficiencies in the practice of managerial functions are demonstrated. The conclusion is that there is a need to adopt dynamic management methodologies that are adaptable to these
organization
Analysis of the integration of drift detection methods in learning algorithms for electrical consumption forecasting in smart buildings
No full textBuildings are currently among the largest consumers of electrical energy with considerable increases in CO2 emissions in recent years. Although there have been notable advances in energy efficiency, buildings still have great untapped savings potential. Within demand-side management, some tools have helped improve electricity consumption, such as energy forecast models. However, because most forecasting models are not focused on updating based on the changing nature of buildings, they do not help exploit the savings potential of buildings. Considering the aforementioned, the objective of this article is to analyze the integration of methods that can help forecasting models to better adapt to the changes that occur in the behavior of buildings, ensuring that these can be used as tools to enhance savings in buildings. For this study, active and passive change detection methods were considered to be integrators in the decision tree and deep learning models. The results show that constant retraining for the decision tree models, integrating change detection methods, helped them to better adapt to changes in the whole building’s electrical consumption. However, for deep learning models, this was not the case, as constant retraining with small volumes of data only worsened their performance. These results may lead to the option of using tree decision models in buildings where electricity consumption is constantly changing