Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences and History
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Some Considerations on The Development of Socio-Economic and Ethno-Cultural Relations of Bronze and Early Iron Age Society in Uzbekistan
Full text linkSince ancient times, the geographical position of the territory of Uzbekistan has had the characteristic of being distinguished from other territories by its strategic importance. The presence of natural resources, sacred ground, climatic conditions, geographical environment, abundance of ecological reserves and several regions favorable to fertile agriculture in the center of the Turonian lowland has provided a favorable opportunity for the development of social life since the earliest times. The main purpose of the study is to analyze some considerations regarding the development of socio-economic and ethnomedical relations of the bronze and early Iron Age society in Uzbekistan. The study was illuminated on the basis of scientific principles such as historicism, logicism and scientific methods such as inductive and deductive, analysis and synthesis, as well as modern approaches, and its scientific results were summed up according to the principle of unity of theory and practice. As a result, the socio-economic and ethnocultural relations of the bronze and early Iron Age society in Uzbekistan and its importance in the development of society are scientifically substantiated
School Leadership Competencies As A Foundation for Effective Team Management
Full text linkSchool leadership plays a pivotal role in shaping team dynamics and instructional quality within educational institutions. As the educational landscape increasingly embraces collaborative and distributed leadership models, the competencies of school leaders such as emotional intelligence, strategic vision, and instructional support are becoming central to effective team management. Despite acknowledgment of leadership's importance, many systems lack coherent frameworks to identify and cultivate the competencies critical for team cohesion and school development. This study aims to analyze key leadership competencies that underpin effective team management in schools and explore their influence on collaboration, communication, and trust among educators. Through a qualitative multiple case study of ten secondary schools, the findings highlight six core competencies emotional intelligence, strategic vision, communication, instructional leadership, decision-making, and conflict resolution as essential to team cohesion. Communication and trust emerged as central enablers of collaboration, while professional development was found to reinforce leadership impact. The research introduces a Leadership Impact Index (LII), a practical tool for quantifying leadership effectiveness in fostering collaboration, thus offering an innovative bridge between qualitative insights and measurable outcomes. The study underscores the need for competency-based leadership training, the institutionalization of professional development, and the implementation of diagnostic tools to support leadership evaluation. These findings inform both policy and practice, reinforcing leadership development as a strategic imperative for school improvement
Improvement of The Process of Training Social Workers In Uzbekistan
Full text linkIn the post-independence period, Uzbekistan prioritized the creation of a new social protection system to support vulnerable populations, necessitating the training of professional social workers. Legislative reforms, including the 2023 presidential decree on improving social services, catalyzed institutional developments and expanded educational offerings in social work across major Uzbek universities. Despite progress, gaps remain in aligning social work education with international standards and ensuring practical competency among graduates. This study aims to analyze the evolution, structure, and practical application of social work education in Uzbekistan, emphasizing its challenges and future prospects. The findings highlight significant advancements in curricula development, the introduction of bachelor’s and master’s programs, and the institutionalization of field practice and supervision. The educational system has integrated theoretical knowledge, ethical principles, and applied skills tailored to local societal needs. The study uniquely synthesizes Uzbekistan’s national efforts in social work professionalization with global definitions and methodologies, offering a detailed overview of both academic and field training mechanisms. The results underscore the need for further development in case management, interdisciplinary collaboration, and supervision systems to elevate the profession. Recommendations include enhancing international cooperation, expanding practical internships, and strengthening public-private partnerships. Ultimately, the paper positions social work as a strategic field crucial to human capital development and social justice in Uzbekistan
Education of A Complete Person in The Heritage of Thinkers
Full text linkThis article deeply analyzes the issue of the upbringing of a perfect person in the heritage of great thinkers. It is emphasized that the idea of human perfection, spiritual and moral maturity occupies a central place in the works of Eastern and Western scholars. The article scientifically covers the views of thinkers such as Alisher Navoi, Abu Nasr Al-Farabi, Abu Rayhan Al-Beruni, Ibn Sina, Jalaluddin Rumi, and Imam Ghazali on education and upbringing, their ideas as factors leading to human perfection. The article also broadly examines the modern interpretation of the concept of a perfect person and the importance of applying these ideas in today's education system. The study identifies the main principles of the formation of perfect human qualities in the heritage of thinkers based on historical sources, philosophical and pedagogical approaches. The article emphasizes the need for moral values, love of science, hard work, patriotism, humanity, and the ideas of justice to play a central role in educating a person. At the same time, it suggests ways to develop the education of a complete person in accordance with the worldview of today's youth and the requirements of the digital age. The results of the article substantiate the importance of relying on the heritage of thinkers in the process of spiritual upbringing, personal development, and the development of human qualities in the educational system. In this regard, this work is of practical and theoretical importance for teachers, educators, specialists in the field of pedagogy, and researchers in the spiritual and educational field
Trade and the Religious Dimension in Pre-Islamic Arab Society: A Historical Review in the Light of Selected Models
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This article seeks to provide a critical historical review of studies that have addressed the nature of the relationship between trade and the religious dimension in pre-Islamic Arabian Peninsula society. The article adopts an analytical review approach by categorising previous studies into three main themes: Studies that focused on commercial activity, caravan routes and markets, studies that dealt with the religious structure and its doctrinal and ritual manifestations, and studies that explored the dialectic of interaction between trade and religion. Through this article, the researcher reached the conclusion that most of the classical sources and modern studies that dealt with research in this field agreed unequivocally that Mecca was a pivotal center where trade and religious rituals overlapped. The article also concludes that understanding the interaction between trade and religion requires the use of multiple approaches (economic history, sociology of religion, and anthropology), which opens up new horizons for researchers
Implementation of Regional Regulation Number 15 of 2011 Concerning Restaurant Tax in Amuntai City, North Hulu Sungai District
Full text linkRestaurant tax is one of the taxes levied by the Regional Government which is intended as an increase in the results of local income, the phenomenon of the problem is the lack of facilities and infrastructure, non-transparency of the amount of income and lack of awareness, the aim is to find out the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 15 of 2011 concerning restaurant tax collection in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency and its factors. This study uses an approach with a qualitative descriptive type. Collection techniques are interviews, observation and documentation. Sources of data were taken through purposive sampling by taking 10 informants by using a data credibility test that is the extension of observations, increasing persistence and using reference materials. The results showed implementation Regional Regulation Number 15 of 2011 still not optimal. First,for communications which consist of transmissions where communication has been done well but is constrained by the lack of awareness of taxpayers, then clarity where the clarity of information is listed in the Regional Regulation but still constrained by lack of supervision and consistency where of course the implementation of restaurant tax collection This has been consistently constrained by the non-permanent number of taxpayers. Whereas secondly, for the resource variable where the staff are indeed certain then this information has been very clearly regulated in the Regional Regulation, the authority held by the government in implementing tax collection is good and the facilities are still lacking, for example transportation. Third, for the disposition variable where the attitude of the implementers is still lacking due to weak oversight from the implementing parties due to their lack of expertise and incentives that are not given. Fourth, bureaucratic structure variables in which this SOP already exists in restaurant tax collection and fragmentation that occurs when implementing Local Regulations. Factors that influence First, supporting factors, namely staff, information, authority, SOP and fragmentation Second, inhibiting factors are facilities and infrastructure, lack of transparency in the amount of income and low awareness. Efforts that have been made by increasing facilities and infrastructure, professionalism and increasing supervision. To improve the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 15 of 2011, it is recommended to the executor to increase professionalism by adding insight. Taxpayers are expected to provide correct data on the amount of income.The restaurant visitors also participated in the successful implementation of this restaurant tax collection by conducting supervision and providing useful input
Hoplology, Genetics, and Ancient History Versus Lechitic Prehistory: Notes on The Origins of Slavdom
Full text linkThe origins of Slavdom, especially the Lechitic lands and the territory of present-day Poland, are still an area of controversy. How long have the Slavs inhabited this area? Based on old sources (selected chronicles), the results of archaeogenetic research, and new studies, logical proof – logical deduction – was applied. The method involves a kind of analysis of a broader discourse – publications/literature from various categories. Based on a review of anthropological, genetic, and linguistic research, justifications in the areas of military and physical culture, as well as symbolic culture, were presented regarding the biological and, to some extent, cultural continuity of the centuries-long existence of Slavs in Polish lands – at least since around 2000 BCE. New knowledge unequivocally confirms the theory of the autochthonous origin of the Western Slavs, while simultaneously falsifying the allochthonous concept
The Formation And Development Of Historical Topics In The Uzbekistan Press: The Conceptual Place Of The Newspaper “Bukhara Hakikati”
Full text linkThis article analyzes the article “A Glance at History” written by Sadriddin Ayni, a prominent son of the Bukhara people and one of the leading Uzbek Jadids, published in the June 24, 1938 issue of the newspaper “Bukhara Hakikati”. The study reinterprets how historical processes were covered in the press by applying modern scientific and theoretical approaches. The research systematically examines information about the socio-political structure of the Bukhara Emirate in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including its taxation policy, the activities of officials, and the legal status of the population. Ayni’s critical observations are compared with the current processes of building a rule-of-law state in Uzbekistan, the electoral system, and democratic principles. The study scientifically highlights the continuity between historical developments and today’s reforms.
 
Modeling of Teacher’s Pedagogical Practice in The Context of Designing Students’ Creative Activity
Full text linkIn this article, the interaction between teacher and student is analyzed as the central factor of the educational process, and it is examined how effective pedagogical design plays an important role in ensuring that students acquire knowledge and skills thoroughly. Furthermore, the aims and objectives of designing pedagogical technologies, along with the significance of the modeling method within the didactic process, are elucidated. Moreover, modeling is assessed as an effective approach to enhancing educational efficiency, structuring instructional material into discrete elements for clearer explanation, and facilitating the management of the learning process
President Trump’s United States of America Trade Wars and African Countries
Full text linkThis study examines the long-run consequences of the America First trade agenda by President Trump to the United States Africa trade nexus and questions the ways that African states can attune their strategies in the face of an increasingly competitive and transactional world economy to reap the accruing benefits of good economic performance. The paper attempts to assess the impact of reduced U.S involvement on the trade relations of Africa as it plots feasible course of action towards strategic change. The analysis is anchored in the theoretical perspective of International Political Economy (IPE) in that it preempts the intersection of political power relations, general economic policies, and the Africa position in the world trades fabric. A qualitative methodology was used, and a corpus of secondary sources was used as a basis of the research, including peer-reviewed academic literature, policy documents, and authentic international news reports, which were later subjected to a systematic content-analysis perspective. The empirical evidence shows that the safety nets established during the Trump regime created an air of uncertainty, reduced foreign aid, and broke the chain of investments into Africa. African countries, in turn, have been increasing their interaction with the newcomers in the economic arena, including China and Russia, but have also been strengthening their regional integration strategies, perhaps most notably with the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). The paper reiterates the need of African states to strengthen intra-regional cooperation, upgrade infrastructure, and diversify economic base and increased export drive to ensure sustainable economic development. To conclude, the need to adapt to a more competitive global trade environment requires the establishment of sound trade policies, the enhanced industrialisation processes, and the development of strategic relationships with partners beyond the traditional Western partners. In line with these findings, the paper recommends economic reforms,fortification of the AfCFTA to increase intra-African trade, investment in infrastructure and in Information and Communications Technology in order to increase ease of trade and global competitiveness, diversification of the exports as well as prioritization of industrialisation in order to reduce reliance on the export of the raw materials and vulnerability to the global economy. Best practices, due processes and anticorruption should be prioritized