Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences and History
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History of The Development of Mass Media in Uzbekistan and Their Current Legal Status
Full text linkMass media play a pivotal role in the dissemination of information and the formation of public opinion in every society. In Uzbekistan, the evolution of mass communication has reflected the broader sociopolitical transformations, from early print publications to modern digital broadcasting platforms. The development of television and radio in Uzbekistan—from early experimental transmissions in the 1920s to the establishment of major telecommunication infrastructures—illustrates both technological innovation and state policy direction. Despite the historical richness and recent liberalization in Uzbekistan’s media landscape, comprehensive scholarly reviews connecting the technological evolution, legal frameworks, and current institutional reforms remain limited. This article aims to chronologically trace the development of mass media in Uzbekistan, with a focus on television, and to analyze its current legal foundations within the national and international legal contexts. The study reveals significant progress in the diversification and independence of media outlets. As of the latest assessments, over 50% of TV channels and 85% of radio stations in Uzbekistan are now non-state entities. The legal foundations, such as the laws “On Mass Media” and “On the Protection of Journalistic Activities,” demonstrate alignment with international norms like Article 19 of the UN Declaration of Human Rights. The article combines historical data with legal analysis, offering a unique interdisciplinary perspective on media development in Uzbekistan. The findings underscore the importance of further reinforcing journalistic freedom and continuing media liberalization while safeguarding against abuse, thereby strengthening Uzbekistan’s democratic institutions and civic participation through transparent information channels
Evaluating the Impact of Nigeria’s Social Investment Programmes on Economic Resilience, Social Inclusion and Conflict Mitigation among Youth in Conflict-affected Regions
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Nigeria’s social investment programmes have been widely employed as strategic interventions to mitigate poverty, promote social inclusion and establish stability, particularly for vulnerable populations in conflict-prone regions. This research evaluates the impact of the programmes on economic resilience, social inclusion and conflict reduction among the youth in Nigeria’s most volatile regions. The research focuses on flagship programmes such as the National Social Investment Programmes (NSIP), their effect on improving youth livelihoods, social cohesion and reducing vulnerability to violent extremism and social unrest. The paper indicates that, while social investment programmes are central to expanding economic opportunity and inclusion, programme reach issues, implementation gaps and contextual factors limit their full potential for conflict reduction. The paper suggests that social investment programmes are a critical means of enhancing economic resilience, social inclusion and peacebuilding. Therefore, such programmes must be located in more holistic development and peacebuilding frameworks that recognize root causes of violence
Artificial Intelligence: A New Stage in Uzbekistan's Digital Economy and Public Administration
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping global economies by enhancing efficiency, fostering innovation, and redefining public administration. In Uzbekistan, AI has become a central element of national digital transformation following the adoption of Resolution No. PC-358, which outlines a strategic framework for AI integration by 2030. Despite global advances, Uzbekistan has only recently begun structured AI development, and little academic work has analyzed the country's policy, legal, and infrastructural adaptations in this field. This study aims to evaluate Uzbekistan’s strategy for AI development, with particular attention to regulatory alignment with international standards, technical infrastructure readiness, and the societal implications of AI implementation. The findings show that Uzbekistan prioritizes legal compliance, ethical considerations, data security, and public trust. AI integration is planned across sectors like finance, healthcare, and agriculture, supported by a $50 million innovation fund and targeted educational reforms. The paper provides one of the first in-depth academic assessments of Uzbekistan’s AI roadmap, highlighting the government’s multidimensional approach to balancing innovation with ethical and societal concerns. The strategic implementation of AI in Uzbekistan could serve as a model for other emerging economies, showing how regulatory frameworks, investment incentives, and human capital development can be harmonized to foster digital transformation while addressing employment disruption and ethical risks
Nature Is A Poetic Reference For The Poet Youssef Bin Lulu' Al-Dhahabi
Full text linkIt was nature's, with its heavens and soil, by its rivers, with its flowers and fruits, with its classes and its volatile conditions, it is a poetic reference whose milk drank most of the poets of the Mamluki era, including our poet the Abu lulua AL-Dahabi. It contacted her and her love. The nature of Egypt and the Levant helped to diversify and vary the kinds of beings in which she lives. However, the study came in four patterns: Style 1: Static nature is a poetry reference in Mamlak poets. Second style: Still nature is a poetry reference when poet. Style III: Moving nature is a poetry reference in Mamlak poets. Style IV: Moving nature is a poetic reference for poet
On The Question Of Amir Temur’s Choice Of The State Capital And The Construction Of The Samarkand Citadel
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This article examines the historical and architectural significance of Amir Temur’s decision to designate Samarkand as the capital of his vast empire, drawing on a range of historical sources and specialized scholarly literature. It investigates the political, strategic, and cultural motivations behind the establishment of the Samarkand Citadel, which served as the administrative and symbolic center of the Timurid state. The study provides a detailed description of the citadel’s architectural layout, including its defensive structures, palatial complexes, and urban planning principles that reflected both military precision and artistic refinement. Special attention is devoted to the construction of Amir Temur’s principal residence the Kuksaray Palace which functioned not only as a royal dwelling but also as the core institution of state governance and diplomacy. The article highlights how the architectural features of Kuksaray embodied Temur’s vision of imperial power, order, and grandeur. Moreover, the study traces the historical transformations of the Samarkand Citadel and the Kuksaray during subsequent periods, particularly under the Uzbek khanates, revealing how these monumental structures continued to serve as centers of authority and cultural heritage. By analyzing historical records, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of the political symbolism and architectural legacy of Temurid statehood, illustrating how Samarkand became a timeless expression of Central Asian civilization’s power, identity, and artistic excellence.
Folk Irrigation Technologies: Historical Heritage and Lessons for the Present
Full text linkCentral Asia, notably, Uzbekistan is one of the cradles of ancient civilizations practicing irrigated agriculture. Traditionally, water management has been a driver shaping the economic, social, and cultural development of this specific type of society. The traditional folk irrigation technologies, such as sepoya, chorpoya, damba, and aqueducts, that is to say, that the adaptations to the arid weather and complex hydrological conditions of the region were developed by local masters to align with the peculiarities of the environment to help development. The master-centred water supply and distribution system, these devices constructed from life-supporting materials, that is to say, wood, and stone. They represent pragmatic engineering embedded into the ecology. For these reasons, from the point of view of nature, these technologies have both historical and technical necessity, but there has been little research to date on how such models embody the principles of sustainability and efficiency of works and community water management. The purpose of the study was therefore to analyze the history of these indigenous irrigation systems, their structural features and socio-ecological functions, as for the relevance of the use of these technologies in modern water management. The study is based on the fact that traditional irrigation factors prevent the ecological imbalance caused by natural water filtration, provide hydraulic pressure and do not require overloading of resources that allows maintaining team pollination and balanced irrigation water, sustainable for land area and land resources. It should be also highlighted that many postulates of these technologies, subsequent to the invention of scientific hydraulics, were familiar in the form of eco-engineering concerning the characteristics of minimal irrigation and natural water treatment, self-regeneration, and nature of the degree of freedom
Digitalization of Parliamentary Activity: The Potential of Internet Platforms in the Context of Democratic Reforms in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Full text linkThis paper examines the increasing digitalisation of parliamentary activity in Uzbekistan and how online platforms can create spaces to push the country forward in its democratic reform process. It assesses the extent of e-systems, open data sites, and public participation tools being used for transparency and accountability in lawmaking by a close examination of recent government plans, parliamentary papers and international ratings. They can also be described as playing a role of an instrumental. To be noted they have some good and some bad sides, the same can be said about large reforms around the whole Republic as well. And lastly, it gave pointers on how to use the builtin digital tools better. In conclusion, digitalisation could be a potent tool to reinforce democratic governance only if institutions adjust, size of technology, and behaviour of citizens and the state
Stages of The Study of Amir Temur’s Life and State-Building Activities in German Historiography From The 15th to The 19th Centuries
Full text linkThis article examines German historians from the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries who wrote about Amir Temur, and the (often competing) ideas of state-building they derived from his life. While German scholars had begun addressing the topic as early as the 1980s, a comprehensive account of the evolution of their interest in the subject over the decades had yet to be done. Through historical comparison and an examination of seminal scholarship, it uncovers the primary social, political, and intellectual forces which helped to shape German perceptions of Temur. The results illustrate four distinct levels of interest. This early phase was substantially shaped by accounts of eyewitnesses like Hans Schiltberger. In time the expansion of humanism with the advent of enlightened monarchs promoted a more nuanced awareness of Temur’s rule. His life and work were of renewed interest in the nineteenth century, with Romanticism and the expansion of Oriental studies. Eventually, as Germany progressed towards unification, historians analysed Temurian state-making in more detail. In this view German interpretations of Eastern figures tend to mirror their own internal dialogues on power, identity and historical commemoration, deepening our appreciation of how cultures see each other across time
The Significance Of The Political Portrait Of The Emir Of Bukhara Abdulahad Khan In The Study Of History
Full text linkThe article sets out the theoretical foundations of the concepts of “political portrait” and “historico-political portrait”, and examines the possibilities of their application in studying the personality of the Emir of Bukhara, Said Abdulahad Khan. It is shown that the method of political portraiture serves as a means of bringing into a single system the psychological characteristics of a political leader, his political practice, and the various public perceptions of him. Using the example of Emir Abdulahad Khan, this method is demonstrated through a comparison of the contradictory images formed in the works of Ahmad Donish, Mirzo Salimbek, Sayyid Mansur Olimi, and other authors
Effect of on-the-job and off-the-job Training on Employee’s Job Satisfaction And Morale in Local Government Service Commission, Taraba State, Nigeria
Full text linkThis study investigates the effect of on-the-job and off-the-job training on employee’s job satisfaction and morale in Local Government Service Commission, Taraba State, Nigeria. With the aid of the study objectives, two hypotheses were formulated in the study. A sample size of 131 was adopted for the study. The purposive sampling technique was used to select the entire population of the study due to its’ convenient in the conduct of the research. The summation of all the responses was presented using frequency distribution tables and simple percentages. In addition, the mean analysis used to analyze the data generated from the field while the chi-square statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses formulated in the study. The test statistics reveals among others that on-the-job training has effect on employee’s job satisfaction and morale in Local Government Service Commission, Taraba State, Nigeria. The study recommends among others that, for the fact that on-the-job training has significant effect on employee’s job satisfaction in Local Government Service Commission, Taraba State, Taraba State government should continue to endeavour that the staff in Local Government Service Commission are subjected for on-the-job training. By so doing, the employees will gain more knowledge and aspirations needed which in turn enhances their job performance at work