Journals of Rzeszow University - Open Journal System
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Drug-induced nephrotoxicity – a review of therapeutic activity of selenium and zinc in preclinical studies
Get PDFIntroduction and aim. Certain drugs cause nephrotoxicity and renal dysfunction through induction of oxidative stress and activation of inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways within the renal tissue. To mitigate drug nephrotoxicity, the therapeutic potential of trace elements such as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) has been experimentally explored. The current knowledge and mechanisms are hereby summarized in this review.
Material and methods. This narrative review was carried out through a critical assessment of relevant articles published in scientific databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
Analysis of the literature. The antioxidant, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties of Se and Zn culminate in their therapeutic activity against drugs nephrotoxicity. The nephroprotective effect of Se and Zn has been characterized with suppression of renal oxidative stress (reduced malondialdehyde, protein cabonyl and elevated levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, total antioxidant capacity levels); upregulation of anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory markers (Bcl-2, heme oxygenase-1, factor related to nuclear factor erythroid 2; downregulation of pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory like inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells NF-κB, and Bax, leading to reparation of renal histomorphology and improved renal function (indicated by reduced serum creatinine, urea, BUN levels).
Conclusion. The therapeutic activity of Se and Zn against drugs nephrotoxicity underscores their potential role in the management of nephrotoxicity due to pharmacotherapy
Analysis of cervical mucosal epithelium proliferation during the postmenopausal period
Get PDFIntroduction and aim. This study explores the proliferative growth of cervical mucosal epithelial cells during the postmeno pausal period, offering new insights on age-related changes in cervical tissues, a topic previously under-examined in post menopausal health research. By employing histologic analysis, immunostaining techniques, and Ki-67 mitotic index assess ment, this research provides novel data on the alterations in cervical epithelial cells during and after menopause. The findings enhance our understanding of the biological processes affecting cervical health in the postmenopausal phase, which is increas ingly significant as the global population ages and emphasizes the need for tailored healthcare approaches. The primary goal was to investigate the proliferative growth of cervical mucosal epithelial cells in postmenopausal women by assessment of Ki 67 gene activity in progesterone-positive cells in normal and pathological postmenopausal periods (PMPs) in the presence or absence of autonomic symptoms, manifested by mood instability, headaches and dizziness.
Material and methods. This research involved analyzing tissue samples from 149 postmenopausal women with suspicion of malignancy using histologic and immunostaining methods to evaluate epithelial cell proliferation markers, with the Ki-67 mi totic index as a key measure. The average activity of the Ki-67 gene was evaluated using the global scoring method, with Ki-67 percentages below 2.5% considered low. Statistical analysis included both parametric and non-parametric methods, specifi cally Student’s t and Wilcoxon’s tests.
Results. The study found a reduction in the proliferative activity of cervical mucosal epithelial cells during the normal post menopausal period, indicated by a significant decrease in Ki-67 expression in the exocervical zone and during the first year in the transformation zone and the endocervix (p<0.01).
Conclusion. Understanding the proliferative growth of cervical mucosal epithelial cells during the postmenopausal period helps to understand the dynamics of age-related cervical tissue. These results can lead to better prevention and monitoring strategies for cervical health in postmenopausal women
Outcome prediction criteria for multiple trauma patients with combined cranio-thoracic injuries
Get PDFIntroduction and aim. Blunt chest trauma and traumatic brain injury are considered two of the most significant injury entities with a high potential for complications. In the early post-traumatic period, trauma care frequently encounters limitations in diagnostic capabilities within trauma centers. The objective of this study was to develop simple signs to predict outcomes at three time points during the early post-traumatic period for patients with multiple blunt trauma with combined cranio-tho racic injuries.
Material and methods. This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 51 polytraumatized male patients. Examinations of the patients were performed on the 1st–2nd, 3rd–4th,and 5th–6th day after trauma. Mortality was set as the primary outcome. Re ceiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to investigate the predictive capacity of the estimated markers for each time period.
Results. The most significant differences between survivors and non-survivors on the 1st to 2nd day after trauma were ob served in terms of SpO2 /FiO2 index, hemoglobin and red blood cell count. On the 3rd–4th day – SpO2 /FiO2 index. The oxygen content, SpO2 /FiO2 index and hemoglobin exhibited the greatest disparity between patients groups on the 5th–6th day.
Conclusion. A set of criteria can be employed to monitor the clinical course of multiple trauma patients with combined cra nio-thoracic injuries. The predictive value of special markers varies depending on the time period. Each of the investigated time periods is characterized by its own specific predictive signs. The predictive capacity of the estimated markers varies depending on the time period under consideration. It is not an accurate approach to employ the same predictive markers throughout the entire posttraumatic period
A comparative study of pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and combined methods of induction of labor
Get PDFIntroduction and aim. Induction of labor (IOL), a common obstetric procedure, aims to induce labor. The study defined labor induction success as true uterine contractions and classified delivery outcomes as vaginal, instrumental, and cesarean. A higher Bishop score predicts a vaginal delivery. The objective was to compare cervical status, induction success, cesarean section rates, and normal delivery rates of pharmacological and non-pharmacological IOL methods.
Material and methods. In this study, 296 pregnant women admitted to the labor room were divided into three groups: those who received pharmacological agents (25 μg/50 μg misoprostol or dinoprostone 5 g gel to start labor), those who were giv en non-pharmacological agents (Foley’s catheter and membrane stripping to start labor), and those who were given both non-pharmacological and pharmacological agents (Foley’s catheter and membrane stripping followed by oxytocin to start labor).
Results. Although a 92.5% induction success rate, the use of non-pharmacological methods alone led to a rate of 49.06% cesar ean section rate. Combined with a pharmacological agent such as oxytocin, it achieved almost the same success rate (91.43%) as a pharmacological method of inducing labor (18.57%). This resulted in a lower rate of cesarean section than pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods (p=0.002).
Conclusion. Nonpharmacological IOL methods alone led to higher cesarean rates despite improved cervical status. Combining them with pharmacological agents such as oxytocin resulted in higher normal delivery rates and fewer cesarean sections, indicating a more effective approach for improving delivery outcomes
Rozważania teoretyczne na temat sztucznej inteligencji i cyberbezpieczeństwa, One-Class SVM do wykrywania anomalii w ruchu sieciowym
No full textIn this article, One-Class SVM has been highlighted as a particularly valuable approach, as it does not require collecting large datasets of labeled attack samples. Instead, it effectively models normal behavior and identifies significant deviations from the expected pattern.
Both theoretical considerations and a Python code example have been presented, demonstrating how such a model can be trained on real or synthetic network data and subsequently used to detect potential anomalies.
Additionally, the text includes guidelines for data preparation, covering collection, cleaning, normalization, and potential dimensionality reduction, as well as hyperparameter optimization (including nu and gamma).
Furthermore, a mathematical perspective is provided, explaining the role of the weight vector (w), the threshold value (R), and the kernel function, which enables nonlinear mapping and the separation of normal samples from outliers.W niniejszym artykule skupiono się na One-Class SVM jako szczególnie wartościowym podejściu, gdyż nie wymaga ono gromadzenia dużych zbiorów etykietowanych próbek ataków, natomiast potrafi opisać normalne zachowania i rozpoznać każde istotne odchylenie od wzorca.
Przedstawiono rozważania teoretyczne i zaprezentowano przykład kodu w Pythonie demonstrujący, w jaki sposób można w praktyce trenować taki model na rzeczywistych lub syntetycznych danych sieciowych, a następnie wykorzystywać go do oznaczania potencjalnych anomalii.
W tekście zawarto ponadto wskazówki dotyczące przygotowania danych (od zbierania poprzez czyszczenie, normalizację i ewentualną redukcję wymiarowości), jak również optymalizacji hiperparametrów (m.in. nu, gamma).
Omówiono też, w ujęciu matematycznym, na czym polega rola wektora w, wartości progowej R oraz funkcji jądra (kernel), która umożliwia nieliniowe odwzorowanie i oddzielenie normalnych próbek od odstających
Simultaneous cardiac and cerebral infarction ‒ a case report
Get PDFIntroduction and aim. Concurrent cardiocerebral infarction (CCI) is a rare condition defined by the simultaneous presentation of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This case report aims to illustrate the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and treatment considerations in a patient with CCI.
Description of the case. We describe the case of a 61-year-old Asian patient with symptoms of AMI, which was successfully treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Six hours after the initial presentation, the patient developed symptoms of AIS. Imaging revealed an acute infarct in the left globus pallidus and small lacunar infarcts in the left thalamus region. Due to the location of the cerebral infarct, the patient was managed conservatively for AIS. The patient showed a positive response to the treatment, with no recurrence of chest pain or neurological symptoms observed at the six-month follow- up.
Conclusion. This case emphasizes the importance of prompt brain imaging to distinguish between different types of stroke and highlights the challenges in managing CCI, a condition linked to high mortality and morbidity. Early recognition and tailored therapy are crucial for improving prognosis
The New “pisan-dub-ba” Tablet from the Time of the Ur III Dynasty, in the Collection of the National Museum in Wrocław (Poland)
No full textThis article presents the publication and analysis of a previously unpublished Neo-Sumerian cuneiform tablet from the Ur III period (ca. 2110-2005 BC) held in the collection of the National Museum in Wrocław, Poland (museum number MNWr XXI-90). The tablet belongs to the rare category of administrative documents known as pisan-dub-ba ("basket with tablets"), which served as archival tags attached to baskets containing collections of administrative and business records in Mesopotamian archives. The study provides a comprehensive examination of this small clay tablet measuring 40 × 33 × 18 mm, which is dated to the 9th year of King Šu -Suen’s reign (ca. 2030 BC) of the Ur III Dynasty. Despite significant damage to the tablet’s surface, the author successfully identifies it as belonging to the subcategory of settlement balance documents (niĝ₂-ka₉-ak or nikkassum), representing one of only five known examples from this specific regnal year.
The article begins with an extensive introduction to pisan-dub-ba documents, explaining their function as organizational tools in ancient Mesopotamian archival systems. These tags, representing less than 0.8% of all known Neo-Sumerian texts (approximately 800 out of over 100,000 published documents), provided crucial information about the contents of document baskets, including the types of records stored, relevant personnel, and dating information. Through careful epigraphic analysis, the author reconstructs portions of the damaged text, identifying several personal names, including Ur-abba, Lugal-ursaĝ, Lu-Nanna, and others, whose activities were documented in the settlement balances contained within the marked basket. The prosopographic evidence strongly suggests the tablet's provenance from the Ĝirsu archive, one of the major provincial administrative centers of the Ur III kingdom. The author also discusses the tablet's acquisition history, noting its donation to the museum in 1974 and its previous ownership by collector Jan Kuglin
Postsekularne dzieło muzyczne: definicja i charakterystyka na podstawie kompozycji pasyjnych po 1985 roku
No full textIn this paper, the author attempts to define and characterize the postsecular musical work. Inspired by previous research in the field of literary studies, where the relationship between postsecularity and the literary work has already been extensively developed, the author proposes to transpose the concepts developed by literary scholars to the field of musicology.
Based on a description of selected passion compositions from the 20th and 21st centuries, among which are Paweł Mykietyn’s Passion According to St. Mark, Kaija Saariaho’s La Passion de Simone, Tan Dun’s Water Passion After St. Matthew, Mauricio Kagel’s Sankt-Bach-Passion, the author identifies the key features of a postsecular musical work. The author provides a definition of a post-secular musical work, presents the necessary condition for a musical work to be described as post-secular, and distinguishes six characteristics of such a musical work
Dzieło muzyczne jako droga do doświadczeń transcendentnych lub mistycznych. Perspektywa filozoficzna
No full textThis article aims to investigate the relationship between musical works and transcendental or mystical experiences among listeners. The analysis was conducted within the context of philosophical research. The first part of the text focuses on exploring concepts such as mystical and transcendental experiences. Subsequently, historical conceptions describing the relationships between music and these experiences are presented. In this context, the views of prominent philosophers such as Plato, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Langer, Gadamer, and Jankélévitch are discussed. The article also includes a discussion on philosophical concepts that highlight specific aspects of music capable of inducing transcendental or mystical experiences, including artistic expression, the aesthetics of the work, and its ethical implications
Interkulturowe nauczanie języków obcych za pomocą muzyki młodzieżowej na przykładzie języka niemieckiego
No full textThe article is primarily aimed at teachers of various languages, who use modern songs in their lessons as phonetic and lexical material supporting the learning of a foreign language (or native language), culture experts, linguists, as well as musicologists and music students, who usually also learn foreign languages and usually like to sing. I would like to draw attention to several aspects concerning teaching languages with the support of broadly understood youth music. One of them is the linguistic competence of teachers themselves, who often do not understand the hidden meaning of the rich phraseology of modern slang, various idioms and language abbreviations that appear in the lyrics of rock and hip-hop songs, as well as cultural phenomena characteristic of a given country, and various social preferences imposed by the environments creating a given style of music. I would like to touch upon, among others, the important issue of vulgarisms, often found in songs (especially in rock and hip-hop lyrics), and propose a method – perhaps somewhat controversial for some, but in my opinion correct – of translating them into the native language, especially when using musical pieces in school lessons. I would also like to convince teachers and students to use dialectal music (Mundartmusik) and draw attention to the practical possibilities offered by contact with musical pieces performed also in other countries where the language being taught is used by its inhabitants as a native language, not just in one. Finally, I would like to present typical methodological errors made by some teachers who use youth music in teaching a foreign language