Journals of Rzeszow University - Open Journal System
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Implementation of Technical Education in Early Primary School: Analysis Based on Empirical Research
Get PDFThis article presents an analysis of key aspects of technical education in grades 1–3 of primary school in Poland, based on a study conducted among teachers and students in early primary edu-cation. The findings indicate that although children generally enjoy technical classes, such lessons are often held infrequently. The results also show that teachers attempt to meet the requirements of the core curriculum, yet they encounter obstacles arising from insufficient preparation, limited resources, or inadequate facilities. The article is based on the master’s thesis: Kołodziejczyk (2024). The implementation of technical education in grades 1–3 of primary school in the light of own research University of Rzeszów
The detection of internal tandem duplication in the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene in a sample of Iraqi patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Get PDFIntroduction and aim. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous malignancy significantly influenced by FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 mutations. This study investigated the prevalence and clinical implications of internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations in FLT3 in patients with AML in Iraq.
Material and methods. The study involved blood samples collected from 50 newly diagnosed AML and 50 healthy subjects between April 2023 and January 2024 and used for conventional PCR. PCR products positive for the ITD mutation were subjected to fragment analysis using capillary electrophoresis (CF) to confirm ITD mutations.
Results. FLT3-ITD mutations were identified in 20% of patients with AML (10/50), with striking female predominance (90% of mutation-positive cases). Based on the FAB classification, M5 was the most prevalent FAB subtype among mutation carriers (40%), with no mutations detected in M7.
Conclusion. This study provides critical information on the prevalence and clinical implications of FLT3-ITD mutations in patients with AML in Iraqi, emphasizing the need for precise molecular diagnostic approaches. This finding revealed a distinct subset of patients with AML that harbor FLT3-ITD mutations, with a significant proportion exhibiting elevated allelic ratios, which reinforces their prognostic relevance
Comparative diagnostic utility of leptin and resistin as inflammatory biomarkers in acute myocardial infarction
Get PDFIntroduction and aim. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of mortality. Although traditional risk factors are known, adipokines, such as leptin (LEP) and resistin (RETN), are emerging as potential biomarkers involved in the inflammatory and metabolic processes underlying AMI. This study aimed to evaluate serum LEP and RETN levels in patients with AMI.
Material and methods. This case-control study included 60 patients diagnosed with AMI and 60 healthy controls recruited from the Nasiriyah Heart Hospital, Thi-Qar Province. Serum levels of LEP and RETN were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results. AMI patients exhibited significantly elevated LEP (3.79±2.0 vs. 1.43±0.7 ng/mL, p<0.001) and RETN (606±325 vs. 289±160 ng/L, p<0.001) compared to controls. Both adipokines were positively correlated with high-sensitive troponin I (Hs-TnI), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and triglycerides (p<0.05). ROC analysis demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy for LEP (AUC=0.964; cutoff >2.23 ng/mL, derived from internal study data) and moderate accuracy for RETN (AUC=0.878; cutoff >305.9 ng/L). The sensitivity and specificity of the LEP were 93% and 92%, respectively.
Conclusion. LEP demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy in our cohort, and its clinical application requires validation in larger prospective studies. The association between RETN and AMI likely reflects inflammatory sequelae rather than predictive utility
Association of interleukin-1β gene polymorphisms in the occurrence of gastric ulcer in Southern Odisha, India
Get PDFIntroduction and aim. The occurrence of gastric ulcer (GU) is influenced by many factors including interleukin 1β (IL-1β) gene polymorphisms. In this study, the association of GU with IL-1β gene polymorphisms was investigated in patients with gastric disorders.
Material and methods. The patients were categorized into two groups, group 1: patients with normal impression in the upper-GI-endoscopy (n=135); group 2: patients with GU (n=135). Three single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of IL-1β gene [rs16944 (–511 C/T), rs1143627 (–31 C/T) and rs1143634 (+3954 C/T)] were investigated by PCR-RFLP method.
Results. The association of IL-1β gene polymorphisms and occurrence of GU along with other factors (socio-demographic and habits) showed patients with smoking, alcohol intake and NSAID use was high in group 2. For SNVs and occurrence of GU, rs1143627 (–31 ‘TT’) genotype was significantly high in group 2 (21.48%) compared to group 1 (9.63%), while the other two genotypes were comparable. Further, there was no association of any genotypes with smoking, alcohol intake and NSAID use, except NSAID use with rs1143627 (–31 C/T) in group 1.
Conclusion. The findings revealed, the habits like smoking, alcohol intake and recurrent NSAID use may influence the occurrence of GU while, the IL-1β gene polymorphisms have minimal impact on the occurrence of GU
Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects of phenolic components of Iraqi sumac (Rhus coriaria)
Get PDFIntroduction and aim. Hyperlipidemia is a pathogenic disease associated with significant cardiovascular complications. Rhus coriaria, traditionally recognized as sumac, is abundant in numerous phenolic constituents that enhance its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics. The aim was to investigate the phytochemical and pharmacological attributes of phenolic constituents of R. coriaria.
Material and methods. 32 male albino mice were assigned at random into 4 groups (n=8). Group 1 (control), group 2 (induced), group 3 (atorvastatin) and group 4 (phenolic). All groups received a diet that was rich in fat for a duration of 28 days, except the control group, which instead consumed a standard diet. Group 2 received no treatment, while group 3 and group 4 received atorvastatin 10 mg/kg and phenolic fractions of R. coriaria 500 mg/kg, respectively, for a further 28 days. Lipid profiles, oxidative indicators, biochemical parameters, and liver histopathological examination were estimated.
Results. Phenolic fractions substantially improved total cholesterol (167.5±2.4 vs. 280.4±17.6 mg/dL), triglycerides (181.1±12.5 vs. 238.6±11.05 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein (109.0±1.6 vs. 209.2±16.8 mg/dL), and very low-density lipoprotein (36.2±2.5 vs. 47.7±2.21), while raising high-density lipoprotein levels (42.3±1.8 vs. 23.5±2.3 mg/dL) as opposed to the induced group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the phenolic constituents significantly reduced liver enzyme activities like alanine transaminase (27.4±1.8 vs. 45.2±2.8 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (31.7±2.1 vs. 44.9±2.0 U/L), and alkaline phosphatase (28.0±2.1 vs.50.9±1.9 U/L), and decreased total blood bilirubin (0.6±0.08 vs. 1.7±0.1 mg/dL) and albumin (4.7±0.7 vs. 6.6±0.3 g/dL) when compared to the induced nontreated group (p<0.05). Phenolic treatment also alleviated tissue malondialdehyde (221.09±3.2 vs. 475.98±44.02 nmol/mL) and increased reduced glutathione (35.48±1.86 vs. 11.65±0.78 μg/mL) as compared to the group without induced non-treated group (p<0.05) and restored liver histopathological changes.
Conclusion. Phenolic compounds have the potential to treat hyperlipidemia due to their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties
Zn and Se protect toxic metal mixture-mediated memory deficit by activation of Nrf2-hmox-1 signaling in the hippocampus of female rats
Get PDFIntroduction and aim. Heavy metals mediate neurotoxicity by altering some signaling pathways. This work investigated the effect of two nutritional elements Zn and Se on neurotoxicity caused by toxic metals.
Material and methods. Female Sprague Dawley rats (35) were divided in to 5 groups (7 rats/group), treated as follows: orally received deionized water (group I), heavy metals mixture HMM: 20 mg·kg -1; 0.40 mg·kg -1 of Hg; 0.56 mg·kg -1 of Mn; and 35 mg·kg -1 of Pb body weight; of Al (group II), HMM+Zn (zinc chloride; 0.80 mg·kg -1) (group III), HMM+Se (sodium selenite: 1.50 mg·kg -1) (group IV) and HMM+Zn+Se (group V). Before euthanasia of the rats, the Cincinnati Dry Maze, Barnes Maze, and Rotarod tests were performed. After euthanasia, the hippocampus was examined biochemically and histopathologically.
Results. Treatment with HMM induced inflammation with increased concentration of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α (30.70±6.65, p<0.02 pg/mg protein and 14.20±4.81 pg/mg protein, p<0.0001) respectively, compromised antioxidants levels, potentiated lipid peroxidation (higher malondialdehyde at 0.94±0.04 nmol/g tissue, p<0.0001 and nitric oxide at 3.89±0.16 nmol/g tissue, p<0.0001 levels), disrupted Nrf2 signaling pathway, potentiated acetylcholinesterase activity and induced mild pathohistological alterations in the rat hippocampus.
Conclusion. Supplementation with Zn and Se attenuated HMM mediated neurotoxicity
The relationship between dry eye syndrome and serum fat-soluble vitamin levels
Get PDFIntroduction and aim. Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial ocular surface disease in which nutritional deficiencies, including fat-soluble vitamins, may play a role. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum levels of vitamins A, D, E, and K and DES.
Material and methods. A total of 70 eyes from 35 patients with DES and 70 eyes from 35 healthy controls were examined. Dry eye evaluation included tear osmolarity (TO), tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer I test, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Serum vitamin levels (A, D, E, K) were measured using HPLC, LC-MS/MS, and chemiluminescence immunoassay.
Results. Patients with DES had significantly higher TO (312.7±4.9 vs. 295.2±6.5 mOsm/L, p<0.001) and OSDI scores (39.8±19.4 vs. 17.2±11.0, p<0.001), and significantly lower Schirmer I (7.0±1.8 vs. 17.3±1.3 mm, p<0.001) and TBUT values (7.3±0.8 vs. 16.1±0.7 s, p<0.001) compared with controls. Serum vitamin A (331.8±87.2 vs. 523.6±109.1 ng/mL, p<0.001) and vitamin D (14.8±6.9 vs. 34.6±14.9 ng/mL, p<0.001) levels were significantly lower in DES patients, whereas vitamin E and K did not differ between groups.
Conclusion. Deficiencies in vitamins A and D are associated with impaired tear film parameters and symptoms of DES. These findings suggest that assessing and correcting vitamin A and D deficiency may have clinical relevance in managing DES
Harnessing the gut-brain axis in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity
Get PDFIntroduction and aim. The most common metabolic disorders include type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity. Their prevalence has increased in recent years. Due to their widespread prevalence and the fact that they increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality, they pose a significant economic burden to the healthcare system. In this review, we will focus primarily on the role of gut hormone signaling produced by enteroendocrine cells (EECs), which are part of the gut-brain axis. Furthermore we will summarize applications of these mechanisms in novel therapies for T2DM and obesity.
Material and method. Literature data analysis was performed using the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The review included articles in Polish and English published between 2000 and 2024.
Analysis of the literature. EECs are specialized transepithelial cells present throughout the intestine. The best-studied EEC subtype is the L cell, which secretes glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 regulates insulin secretion and contributes to satiety by increasing insulin secretion and inhibiting glucagon secretion. Significant progress in the use of intestinal hormones in the treatment of T2DM and obesity has led to the development of effective therapies for both of these conditions, such as GLP-1 analogs.
Conclusion. The growing understanding of biochemical processes, hormonal signaling, and the development of new technologies contribute to the continuation of research on new, more effective therapies that use mechanisms of action of the gut-brain axis. Despite these achievements, the need for new and more effective treatments is constantly growing, and requires innovative strategies and their potential combination with existing therapies
Clinical impact of a personalized hypertension care approach on blood pressure and quality of life in older adults
Get PDFIntroduction and aim. Hypertension is highly prevalent among older adults and contributes significantly to poor health outcomes and a reduced quality of life, especially in rural populations. Although pharmacological treatment is essential, individualized nonpharmacological strategies are increasingly recognized for their role in optimizing chronic disease management. The present study investigated the effects of an individualized hypertension care strategy on blood pressure control and the quality of life of older patients who reside in rural areas.
Material and methods. A quasiexperimental pre-post-test study with control group design was conducted involving 112 elderly participants with hypertension in Central Java, Indonesia. The intervention group (n=56) received a personalized care approach that included customized nursing education, self-care support, and family involvement over a one-month period. The control group (n=56) received standard care. The measured were systolic and diastolic blood pressure (using a digital sphygmomanometer) and quality of life (using the OPQOL-Brief questionnaire). Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests.
Results. After the intervention, the intervention group showed significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (from 157.6±11.9 to 138.2±10.4 mmHg, p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (from 94.5±8.7 to 83.3±7.9 mmHg, p<0.001). Quality of life scores also improved significantly in all domains, including physical health, psychological well-being, and social relationships (p<0.001). In contrast, the control group showed no significant changes in either outcome.
Conclusion. The personalized approach to hypertension care was effective in lowering blood pressure and improving quality of life among older adults with hypertension. These findings suggest that individualized, low-cost strategies can enhance chronic disease management, particularly in rural or resource-limited settings