Journals of Rzeszow University - Open Journal System
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“Multitasking” and Its Impact on Students from Teachers’ Perspective
Full text linkThe demanding pace of modern society pushes us to multitask in order to achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness. A key open question is whether multitasking is effective? Numerous studies have demonstrated the effects of “multitasking” on a psychological, cognitive and socio-emotional level. The results showed that students who engage in multitasking more often while completing their schoolwork tend to have lower academic performance. In addition, it was shown that multitasking is positively correlated with increased procrastination
Physical and Musical Activity of Preschool Children and Its Benefits for Their Development
Full text linkPhysical and musical activities are key determinants supporting the holistic development of preschool-aged children. Regular physical activity promotes balanced somatic, intellectual, emo-tional, and social growth, positively influencing the functioning of the nervous, circulatory, res-piratory, and immune systems. Movement-based play and exercises enhance coordination, perse-verance, independence, self-efficacy, and social integration. Musical activity – including singing, dancing, and rhythmic play – supports emotional, social, and cognitive development by improving memory, attention, auditory perception, and motor skills. The integration of movement and music in musical–movement activities intensifies cognitive processes, fosters imagination and creativity, and prepares children for school learning. Both forms of activity also perform preventive and therapeutic functions, promoting mental and physical health and shaping pro-social and pro-health attitudes
Comparison of Subjects and Methods of Assessing Knowledge at Universities in Poland and Italy Based on the Preschool and Early School Education Program at the University of Rzeszów and the Suor Orsola Benincasa University in Naples
Full text linkThis article compares early childhood education teacher training systems in Poland and Italy, based on the University of Rzeszów and Suor Orsola Benincasa University in Naples. The aim is to examine whether specific solutions used at the Italian university could be introduced into the Polish programme and among Polish students. The research addressed students’ opinions on mandatory and optional courses and preferred methods of knowledge assessment. The study employed a diag-nostic survey method using an interview questionnaire. The results of the survey show students’ preference for facultative subjects over mandatory subjects, and projects and multimedia presenta-tions as favoured types of knowledge assessment. The findings indicate a need for improvement and further reflection on the preschool and primary education study programme.This article compares early childhood education teacher training systems in Poland and Italy, based on the University of Rzeszów and Suor Orsola Benincasa University in Naples. The aim is to examine whether specific solutions used at the Italian university could be introduced into the Polish programme and among Polish students. The research addressed students’ opinions on mandatory and optional courses and preferred methods of knowledge assessment. The study employed a diag-nostic survey method using an interview questionnaire. The results of the survey show students’ preference for facultative subjects over mandatory subjects, and projects and multimedia presenta-tions as favoured types of knowledge assessment. The findings indicate a need for improvement and further reflection on the preschool and primary education study programme
Evaluation of corin and copeptin as novel biomarkers for polycystic ovary syndrome – diagnostic accuracy and associations with cardiometabolics
Full text linkIntroduction and aim. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects 5–18% of women of reproductive age and is intricately linked to metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular risks. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of copeptin and corin as potential biomarkers in PCOS and their association with cardiometabolic risk factors.
Material and methods. This case-control study included 60 women diagnosed with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria) and 30 healthy controls. Serum levels of copeptin and corin and metabolic parameters were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Statistical analyses included receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, logistic regression, and correlation tests.
Results. The results revealed significantly elevated corin (1450.23±264.91 vs. 619.17±159.19 pg/mL, p<0.001) and copeptin levels (5.81±1.66 vs. 2.46±0.64 ng/mL, p<0.001) in patients with PCOS compared to controls. Both biomarkers were strongly correlated with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR: r=0.648 for corin and r=0.750 for copeptin) and dyslipidemia. ROC analysis demonstrated exceptional associative biomarker precisions for corin (AUC=1.00) and copeptin (AUC=0.89). Univariate regression identified corin (odds ratio [OR]=1.018) and copeptin (OR=1.344) as independent predictors of PCOS.
Conclusion. This study identified plasma corin and copeptin levels as potential biomarkers for PCOS diagnosis and risk stratification. Elevated corin levels predict infertility, while copeptin levels correlate with metabolic dysfunction, particularly in obese, insulin resistant phenotypes
Impact of diabetes on dengue – a comparative study of clinical and inflammatory variables in patients with and without diabetes
Full text linkIntroduction and aim. Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease and its severity may be influenced by comorbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus, which can alter the inflammatory and clinical response. This study aimed to evaluate and compare clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and inflammatory markers between patients with and without diabetes who were diagnosed with dengue infection.
Material and methods. The retrospective observational study included 100 patients with confirmed dengue infection, divided equally into 50 with diabetes and 50 without. It examined the distribution of age, HbA1C levels, clinical symptoms, bleeding events, liver enzymes, and inflammatory markers. Correlation analyzes were conducted to assess the relationship between HbA1C levels and inflammatory markers within each group. In addition, inflammatory markers were compared in different age categories (<50 years and ≥50 years) and by diabetic status.
Results. Laboratory findings, including liver enzymes and inflammatory markers, were markedly elevated in the diabetic cohort (p<0.001). The correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between HbA1c and inflammatory markers in the diabetic group (r>0.8, p<0.001), while weaker correlations were observed in the non-diabetic group (r=0.4–0.6, p<0.001). Inflammatory markers were significantly higher in diabetic patients, particularly those 50 and older.
Conclusion. Diabetes may contribute to a more intense inflammatory response in dengue, highlighting it as an independent risk factor for severe clinical outcomes in dengue infection
Evaluation of nutritional knowledge in relation to primary prevention of doctors and nurses in Morocco
Full text linkIntroduction and aim. Currently, Morocco suffers the burden of non-communicable diseases. Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in guiding the population toward healthy dietary choices, which can reduce the risk of these types of diseases. This study aims to assess nutritional knowledge in relation to primary prevention of doctors and nurses working in the hospital network and primary health care facilities in Morocco.
Material and methods. The study population consists of 472 nurses and 185 physicians. A self-administered questionnaire composed of four main sections (nutrition by the Mediterranean diet; nutrition for children; nutrition for pregnant and breastfeeding women; and nutrition for the elderly) was used for data collection.
Results. The Mediterranean diet obtained the highest score of 0.46 (IQR [0.30, 0.53]) for physicians. But for nurses, the highest score was for child nutrition 0.33 (IQR [0, 0.333]). Our results reveal a statistically significant association of the median total score of answers of health professionals with basic training (p<0.001), receiving information on nutrition (p<0.001), their degree (doctors or nurses) (p<0.001) and the workplace (p<0.001).
Conclusion. The training programs of the medical faculties and nursing training institutes in Morocco should be revised in favor of a more in-depth training in nutrition
Comparative assessment of 2D photogrammetry versus direct anthropometry in nasal measurements
Full text linkIntroduction and aim. The nose significantly influences facial aesthetics, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of na sal anatomy and facial aesthetics standards for successful rhinoplasty. This study investigates the reliability and precision of two-dimensional photogrammetry compared to direct measurements for nasal anthropometry.
Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Cen ter, Moradabad which included 640 volunteers from six zones of the Indian population. Direct anthropometry and 2D photo grammetry were the two methods used to evaluate each parameter. A caliper was employed for direct anthropometry, and software analysis of nasal characteristics was used for the indirect 2D technique.
Results. The result revealed significant gender-based differences in all nasal dimensions assessed by direct measurements, with the exception of the length of the nasal bridge. In contrast, 2D photogrammetry demonstrated no significant variation in ana tomical nasal width and nasal bridge length across the genders. Of the eight nasal parameters analyzed, five parameters (nose height, morphological nose width, alar length, nasal tip protrusion, and nasal index) exhibited excellent reliability. Nasal bridge length and columellar length showed moderate reliability of 2D photogrammetry.
Conclusion. This research reveals gender-based differences in nasal dimensions, with males generally having larger dimensions. It suggests 2D photogrammetry as a reliable alternative to direct anthropometry for specific nasal measurements, offering practical benefits in clinical and aesthetic applications. However, it has limitations, such as moderate reliability in measuring nasal bridge length and Columellar length, underscoring the necessity for cautious interpretations for specific parameters. Further research is recommended to improve precision and applicability, while addressing limitations like sensitivity to imaging distortion and also incorporating the 3D technique to enhance the robustness of the methodology; the absence of 3D is a benchmark
Effect of web-based pediatric pain management education on nursing student knowledge levels
Full text linkIntroduction and aim. Pain is a common symptom in children. Studies indicate that nurses and student nurses lack knowledge about pediatric pain. This study was designed to determine the level of knowledge of pediatric pain management for nursing students and to evaluate the effectiveness of the web-based pediatric pain management education (PPME) program.
Material and methods. This study used a pre/post-test quasi-experimental design before/after the test. It was carried out with 84 pediatric nursing internship students (39 control, 45 intervention) in a nursing school. The control group received routine training, and the intervention group received web-based modules. Data were collected using the questionnaire developed by the researchers and evaluated using the paired sample t-test, independent samples t-test, Spearman’s correlation and regression analysis. A structural equation model (SEM) was used.
Results. The level of knowledge of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group in terms of the total score and sub-dimension scores of awareness, physiopathology and ‘control’ (p<0.05). A moderate, positive and significant correlation was observed between PPME and knowledge levels. Web-based education accounted for 56.6% of the in crease in knowledge level, resulting in an improvement of 11.062 points. A notable positive correlation was observed between PPME and control scores in SEM.
Conclusion. The conclusion drawn is that the web-based PPME effectively increased student knowledge scores
Predictors of family burden in parents of children with intellectual disabilities and their children’s sexual development characteristics
Full text linkIntroduction and aim. Although the existing literature includes both quantitative and qualitative studies that examine the sexual characteristics of children with intellectual disabilities and the challenges they face, these studies have not addressed the impact of these characteristics on the burden of the family. Our objective was to examine the predictors of sexual development of family burden among parents of children with intellectual disability in this cross-sectional study.
Material and methods. We collected data from 815 parents with children aged 10–18 years with intellectual disabilities between May 2021 and March 2022. Data collection tools were ‘Descriptive Characteristics Form”, “Family Burden Rating Scale for families with Mentally Handicapped Children” and ‘Sexual Development Characteristics scale of Adolescents with Intellectual Disability”. A logistic regression analysis was performed.
Results. The predictive model for the burden of the family explained 60% of the variance in this sample of parents (p<0.001). The sexual predictors with the strongest effect on the model were previous sexual development education (β=0.74; SE=0.16, p≤0.001), followed by sexual harassment (β=-0.56, SE=0.26, p≤0.001).
Conclusion. Education on sexual development in children with intellectual disability can facilitate management of challenges in adolescence
In vitro and in vivo models of immunomodulatory activity of a hydroalcoholic fraction of Turnera ulmifolia Linn
Full text linkIntroduction and aim. The present study explores the immunomodulatory effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Turnera ul mifolia through in vitro and in vivo models.
Material and methods. The study examined cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and nitric oxide (NO) levels using RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells, while in vivo assessments were performed using BALB/c mice.
Results. In vitro, T. ulmifolia extract significantly increased cytokine levels and NO production in unstimulated cells while ef fectively inhibiting overproduction in LPS-stimulated cells, suggesting immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. In vivo experiments demonstrated that T. ulmifolia extract enhanced the immune response by improving macrophage phago cytic activity, increasing delayed-type hypersensitivity, increasing serum hemolysin levels, and enhancing thymus and spleen indices. These results highlight the potential of the T. ulmifolia extract as an immunomodulatory agent, regulating cytokine secretion and enhancing immune responses without causing cytotoxicity.
Conclusion. The findings indicate promising therapeutic applications for T. ulmifolia extract in modulating immune function and inflammation