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Introduction [Influences de Baudelaire]
No full textInternational audienceThe analysis of Baudelaire’s influences reveals as much his sources of inspiration as the attraction he exerts on later poets. This Baudelairean sphere of influence, which stretches from the sixteenth to the twenty-first century, brings to light both the poet’s ascendants and his descendants. Four concepts make it possible to understand this extraordinary influence and the suggestive power of Baudelaire across the centuries: inspiration, magnetism, radiance, and hold. Examining his inspirations allows us to identify four major sources of influence: the poets of the Pléiade, Pascal, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Aloysius Bertrand.The theme of magnetism reveals the constituent elements of a poetry of influence that becomes influential poetry: the imaginary of conspiracy, the struggles and networks of influence within the salon culture, but also the figure of a Baudelaire who transmits influence, a mediator of the inverted sonnet, and master of the Parnassian generation. The study of Baudelaire’s radiance, the epicenter of the intertwined influences of modern poetry, probes his uncommon power of attraction and the brilliance of his presence in Lautréamont, Mallarmé, and Rimbaud.The reflection on the Baudelairean hold shows that imprint becomes domination: model for Jouve, source of Bonnefoy’s exegesis, the cosmopolitan and European poet, inventor of the biographical novel, retains a decisive influence.L’analyse des influences de Baudelaire révèle tout autant ses sources d’inspiration que l’attraction qu’il exerce sur les poètes ultérieurs. Cette zone d’influence baudelairienne, qui s’étend du XVIe au XXIe siècle, fait apparaître l’ascendance ainsi que la descendance du poète. Quatre concepts permettent de comprendre cette prodigieuse influence et la force de suggestion de Baudelaire tout au long des siècles : inspiration, magnétisme, rayonnement et emprise. S’interroger sur ses inspirations permet d’identifier quatre sources majeures d’influence : celle des poètes de la Pléiade, de Pascal, de Jean-Jacques Rousseau et d’Aloysius Bertrand.Le thème du magnétisme révèle les éléments constitutifs d’une poésie de l’influence qui devient poésie influente : l’imaginaire de la conspiration, les luttes et réseaux d’influence du salonnier mais aussi la figure d’un Baudelaire transmetteur d’influence, passeur du sonnet renversé et maître de la génération parnassienne. L’étude du rayonnement de Baudelaire, épicentre des influences croisées de la poésie moderne, sonde son pouvoir peu commun d’attraction et l’éclat de sa présence chez Lautréamont, Mallarmé et Rimbaud.La réflexion sur l’emprise baudelairienne montre que l’empreinte devient domination : modèle de Jouve, source de l’exégèse de Bonnefoy, le poète cosmopolite et européen, inventeur du roman biographique, conserve une influence décisive
Pressure waves induced by the bcc-hcp phase transition in dynamically loaded single crystal iron
No full textInternational audienceMolecular Dynamics simulations have been used to investigate the dynamic response of single crystal iron to ramp compression along the [001] crystallographic direction, with a focus on the coupling between the propagation and interaction of pressure waves and the phase transformation process. In particular, we report an original observation at the atomic level of release and recompression waves specifically induced by the phase transition. We provide a straightforward, physically-based explanation of the origin of these waves based on impedance mismatch between the parent, daughter, and mixed-phase region, and show how they depend directly on the kinetics of the transformation. This analysis may be generalized to other time-dependent phase transformations in other materials subjected to dynamic loading, and it is probably still valid at the much larger space and time scales encountered in experiments, which could have practical implications
Bâtir une coalition d’acteurs pour gagner une place dans la gouvernance des migrations : le cas de l’Association nationale des villes et territoires accueillants
No full textInternational audience[Résumé de l'ouvrage] Depuis le milieu des années 2010, de nombreuses localités urbaines et rurales européennes se sont publiquement affichées comme « villes d’accueil » ou « villages d’accueil » des personnes en migration, en opposition à l’option sécuritaire adoptée par les États en matière migratoire. D’autres sont devenues « accueillantes » au gré des circonstances. D’autres encore sont engagées de longue date dans une politique d’intégration de leur population immigrée. Dans le même temps, les réseaux nationaux ou transnationaux regroupant des acteurs investis dans la prise en charge des migrants se multiplient. Ces réseaux sont aussi un relais d’expression d’un militantisme urbain sur les questions migratoires
Use of rescue noninvasive ventilation for post-extubation respiratory failure
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Robust evidence supports the use of preemptive non-invasive ventilation (NIV) after extubation in selected high-risk patient cohorts. In contrast, current guidelines discourage the use of NIV as a rescue therapy for respiratory failure that develops later after extubation, based on earlier studies indicating a potential increase in hospital mortality due to delayed reintubation. Nonetheless, NIV continues to be employed in this setting. We conducted a post-hoc analysis of a randomized trial to assess the clinical outcomes of rescue NIV for post-extubation respiratory failure.Methods: In this post-hoc analysis of a randomized trial comparing high-flow with Venturi mask oxygen in hypoxemic patients after extubation, we included those who developed post-extubation respiratory failure according to prespecified criteria; patients who received rescue NIV per physician’s decision were compared to those who received direct re-intubation. Criteria for re-intubation during NIV were prespecified. Odds ratio after inverse probability of treatment weighting and posterior probabilities by Bayesian regression are reported.Results: Among 494 extubated patients, 147 developed respiratory failure while receiving oxygen therapy, occurring at a median of 37 h [IQR 13–85] after extubation: 83 (57%) were treated with rescue NIV and 64 (43%) received immediate re-intubation. The rate of NIV failure was 58%, without differences between patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure and those with hypercapnia and/or respiratory distress (60% vs. 56%, p = 0.82). In the weighted cohort, the use of rescue NIV, compared to direct re-intubation, was associated with lower intensive care unit mortality (adjusted odds ratio = 0.31 [95%CI: 0.12–0.82], p = 0.019) and similar hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio = 1.01 [95%CI: 0.43–2.33], p = 0.99). The posterior probability that NIV reduced intensive care unit mortality was > 90% across all priors. The posterior probability that NIV did not increase hospital mortality was 44% under a noninformative prior, 47% under a skeptical prior, and 39% under a pessimistic prior.Conclusion: Rescue NIV for post-extubation respiratory failure is associated with high failure rates; however, when applied with well-defined criteria for reintubation, it does not appear to be clearly associated with increases in hospital mortality. A randomized trial to re-evaluate the efficacy of rescue NIV for post-extubation respiratory failure is warranted.Clinical trial registration: Registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02107183) on April 8th, 2014
ICU predictive factors of fibrotic changes following COVID-19 related ARDS: a RECOVIDS substudy
No full textInternational audienceBackground Pulmonary fibrotic changes (FC) following COVID-19-related ARDS represent a significant concern due to the potential respiratory complications. The identification of early predictive factors for FC and the development of predictive tools are needed to optimize patient management and outcomes. Methods This observational prospective multicentre study is a substudy of the RECOVIDS study and included 32 centres in France and Belgium. COVID-19 ARDS survivors were included if they met the Berlin ARDS criteria or if they received high flow oxygen therapy (flow ≥ 50 L/min and FiO 2 ≥ 50%). Exclusion criteria were non-attendance at follow-up 6 ± 1 months after ICU discharge, lack of baseline or follow-up chest CT, and history of interstitial lung disease. The primary endpoint was presence of FC at follow-up CT. The secondary outcome was to identify predominant radiological patterns. Results Among 555 patients included in the RECOVIDS study, 440 were analysed, of whom 162 (36.8%) had FC at follow-up. Predictive factors for FC included older age, body mass index < 30, Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 1, invasive mechanical ventilation, early signs of FC, and greater lung involvement on baseline CT. The nomogram for predicting pulmonary FC yielded an AUC of 80.6% (95%CI (76.4–84.8)). Late organizing pneumonia was the most common pattern overall and 30 (18.5%) of the 162 patients with FC presented mainly anterior fibrosis compatible with post ventilatory changes. Conclusion In this large cohort of COVID-19 ARDS survivors, 36.8% exhibited FC at 6 months post-ICU discharge. The key predictors identified here could guide therapeutic and follow-up strategies
Dialogue pour un monde plus habitable. Contribution à une éthique de la rencontre
No full textInternational audienceComment vivre dans un contexte marqué du sceau de la méfiance, engoncé dans les replis identitaires et tétanisé par un avenir incertain ? Sur quelle base ouvrir d’autres chemins propres à apaiser les souffrances, voire à réenchanter nos existences ? Les réponses ne se résument pas en quelques formules lapidaires, ni en de vagues idées généreuses. Comme s’efforcent de le faire les auteurs du présent ouvrage, elles se tissent, patiemment, dans la confrontation des idées et le frottement avec l’altérité. Partenaires dans une pensée en tension, ouverts à ce qui risque de déplacer leurs représentations, ceux-ci refusent les enfermements simplistes et mutilants qui sclérosent aujourd’hui nos sociétés. Si les questions de la traduction, du croisement des cultures, des langages et des langues tressent cet échange à trois voix, cela provient sans doute du fait que notre humanité se manifeste toujours dans la pluralité. Cependant, le constat des différences et de la diversité des formes de vie ne doit pas boucher l’horizon des possibles mais, au contraire, permettre de rouvrir les imaginaires. Dans une confrontation sincère et authentique, il s’agit alors, ici, de chercher sans relâche les voies propres à penser les conditions d’un monde plus habitable
