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Semences: Appel à contributions pour le T50 de la revue Tracés
No full textTracés. Revue de sciences humaines [blog Hypothese
Creation and validation of a roadside rescue skills scale for training pre-hospital medical teams: the RoadRes-Q scale
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among young people worldwide. While advances in vehicle safety have reduced some of the risks, the speed and quality of pre-hospital care are critical to prevent fatalities. In France, patients are cared for by medical teams and firefighters who must work together as closely as possible to ensure the best possible survival rate. However, there is a lack of standardised scales to assess the performance of these multidisciplinary teams. This study aimed to create and validate a roadside rescue skills assessment scale, the RoadRes-Q scale, for healthcare teams.Methods: We used a two-round Delphi method to develop the RoadRes-Q scale. A panel of 9 international roadside rescue experts, including 7 firefighters and 2 engineers in road rescue equipment, agreed to participate. The scale covers five key areas: healthcare provider protection, site securing, vehicle securing, first aid delivery, and patient extrication. The final version was tested during two one-day simulation-based training sessions, each involving 22 participants: 6 healthcare staff, 14 firefighters, and 2 simulated victims. Assessors completed the scale during and after each scenario, focusing on internal consistency and inter-observer reliability.Results: The RoadRes-Q scale consists of 60 items. Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.86), indicating that items were non-redundant and consistently measured the required competencies. However, inter-observer reliability was low (intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.48), suggesting variability between assessors. Satisfaction among participants to the simulation-based training courses was high, and their knowledge increased.Conclusions: The RoadRes-Q scale proved to be a valid and reliable scale for evaluating both technical and non-technical skills. While internal consistency was strong, improvements are needed in inter-observer reliability. Structured training for assessors and video-based assessments could enhance reproducibility. The RoadRes-Q scale has the potential for assessing the quality and safety of care provided by healthcare teams in roadside rescue situations.Registration: As the study did not involve interventional research or patient participation, ethics committee approval was not required, but it received approval from the scientific referents of the Faculty of Medicine of Poitiers, and participants provided informed consent for using their anonymised data
Cent-vingt ans après les fouilles du père de la Croix : enduits peints et bois carbonisés des bâtiments antiques du square Jeanne d’Arc et du logis du Palais Comtal de Poitiers
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Size and Composition of Clay Nanoaggregates in Water: Charged Polymers and Multivalent Ions Competing in the Formation of Clay Tactoids
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we address the formation of highly organized clay tactoids intercalated with a charged polymer (ionene) in an aqueous environment. We report on an original route to achieve such tactoids by starting with preformed clay tactoids, held together by multivalent inorganic atomic ions, as is the case in clay suspensions exchanged with Ca2+ or La3+ ions. Contrary to previously evoked mechanisms of disaggregationaggregation or successive delamination of individual platelets ("peeling"), we observe clearly a reversible transition between the two types of clay tactoids at an almost constant number of clay nanoplatelets per tactoid. Our observations are based on small-angle X-ray scattering, where a strong correlation peak, called the stacking peak, is an indisputable signature of the stack/tactoid formation and is distinct for the multivalent-ion clay stacks and charged-polymer clay stacks. The initial state of multivalent-ion clay tactoids is essential for the formation of highly organized final charged-polymer clay tactoids. It is as if the preformed multivalent-ion clay tactoids provided a template into which the charged polymer chains get incorporated. Starting from individual delaminated clay layers (Na+ exchanged clays) does not lead to the same final charged-polymer clay stacks. The linear charge density of the polymer chains is another key parameter for the tactoid transition. For weakly charged polymer chains, the transition simply does not take place, even under conditions of a strong excess of the charged polymer. Overall, the final structure of charged-polymer clay stacks strongly depends on the initial structural state of the host clay platelets and the linear charge density of the guest polymer chains
Enjeux cliniques de l' « énonciation piétonnière »
No full textInternational audienceThe space is examined here as a permanent construction that necessitates a step aside, a displacement. When circulation cannot be initiated by means of the signifier, what are the implications in clinical practice? Enunciation is approached here from the perspective of Sylvia Plath, Michel de Certeau, Fernand Deligny, and Jacques Lacan, focusing on a discourse "between the lines" rather than under the spotlight of what can fix or even disorient a subject.La place est ici interrogée comme construction permanente rendant nécessaire le pas de côté, le déplacement. Quand la circulation ne peut s’engager au moyen du signifiant, quelles en sont les incidences, dans la clinique ? L’énonciation est ici abordée à partir de Sylvia Plath, Michel de Certeau, Fernand Deligny et Jacques Lacan, du côté d’un dire « entre les lignes » plutôt que sous les phares de ce qui peut fixer voire a-lieu-ner un sujet
Custom-designed rotational tribometer for the study of the factors that influence the triboelectric charging process of polymers
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« Bonheur et art de vivre au 18e siècle », conférence au Château de Versailles, dans le cadre du cycle « Le musée vous veut du bien »,programmation culturelle « Cycle de conférences du château de Versailles », 30 septembre 2025
No full textInternational audience“The aim of society is the common happiness”: thus opens the first article of the Constitution of 24 June 1793. Although the phrasing may be surprising, it nonetheless belongs to a long tradition: for centuries, the pursuit of happiness has preoccupied philosophers. But what place did this notion truly hold in society at the time? Was it upheld as a collective ideal, inscribed at the heart of a social project, or was it meant to remain a private matter for each individual? Guilhem Farrugia, who holds a doctorate in French literature from Paris IV–Sorbonne and is co-author of Happiness in the 18th Century, explores the ways in which Enlightenment thought approached the ideal of felicity.« Le but de la société est le bonheur commun » : ainsi s’ouvre le premier article de la Constitution du 24 juin 1793. Si la formule peut surprendre, elle s’inscrit pourtant dans une longue tradition : depuis des siècles, la recherche du bonheur interroge les philosophes. Mais quelle place occupait réellement cette notion dans la société d’alors ? Était-elle portée comme un idéal collectif, inscrit au cœur d’un projet social, ou devait-elle rester l’affaire intime de chacun ? Guilhem Farrugia, docteur en littérature française de l’université Paris IV-Sorbonne et co-auteur de Le bonheur au XVIIIe siècle, explore la manière dont la pensée des Lumières a appréhendé l’idéal de félicit
« L’émerveillement selon Baudelaire et Rousseau », Émerveillements géopoétiques, La Licorne, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, à paraître en 2026
No full textInternational audienceBaudelaire transforms Rousseau’s poetics of wonder : the bright and sensitive reverie of the walker darkens in the urban wandering of the prowler, and the “enchanting sadness” radicalizes into admiration for human “darkness.” From tenderness to the terrible unfolds a poetics of non-place and fiction, where the indefinable elsewhere becomes the poetic space of a disenchanted admiration.Baudelaire métamorphose la poétique rousseauiste de l’émerveillement : la rêverie lumineuse et sensible du promeneur s’assombrit dans la flânerie urbaine du rôdeur, et la « tristesse enchanteresse » se radicalise en admiration de la « noirceur » humaine. De la tendresse au terrible se déploie une poétique du non-lieu et de la fiction, où l’ailleurs indéfinissable devient l’espace poétique d’une admiration désenchantée
Étude de la durabilité du Waspaloy élaboré par Laser Metal Deposition pour la réparation de composants aéronautiques
No full textThe latest-generation civil turbo-jet engines are now sold to airlines with a maintenance contract per flight hour. This means that more parts need to be repaired, in less time, while restoring the mechanical properties of the part to its original state if possible. One way to meet these new challenges is the use of additive manufacturing for repairing parts with wear zones. This thesis falls within this context and specifically aims to investigate the mechanical behavior of Ni-based superalloy Waspaloy produced by Laser Metal Deposition (LMD). The material exhibits a textured microstructure, both morphologically and crystallographically, and is anisotropic. Numerous pores were also detected. Creep tests conducted at 700 °C and 850 °C revealed highly localized intergranular damage in the interlayer region when the load was applied parallel to the building direction, leading to loss of ductility and premature failure. Conversely, when the loadwas perpendicular to the building direction, the creep lifetime was systematically improved. This result is attributed to a more favorable morphological texture, which delays damage development. Interrupted creep tests demonstrated that pores had almost no influence on the material’s creep durability. Regarding fatigue properties, tests conducted at 700°C, 80 Hz and R=0.05 highlighted a competition between crystallographic facet and pore-induced crack initiation. When pores are spherical, crack initiation occurs in their vicinity and is accompanied by a crystallographic micro-propagation zone. When pores are elongated, crack initiation occurs without an adjacent crystallographic zone, only if their major axis is perpendicular to the loading direction, leading to a major reduction in fatigue lifetime. Finally, tests at higher load ratios (R > 0.5) show a significant contribution of creep to the material’s failure, as evidenced by more pronounced interdendritic damage.Les turboréacteurs civils de dernières génération sont désormais vendus aux compagnies aériennes avec un contrat de maintenance à l’heure de vol. Cela implique donc de pouvoir réparer plus de pièces, dans un temps plus court, en restaurant si possible les propriétés mécaniques de la pièce à sa mise en service. L’un des moyens envisagés pour relever ces nouveaux défis est le recours à la fabrication additive pour la réparation des pièces présentant des zones d’usure. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans ce contexte et vise à étudier plus spécifiquement le comportement mécanique du superalliage base-Nickel Waspaloy élaboré par Laser Metal Deposition (LMD). Le matériau présente une microstructure texturée, tant sur le plan morphologique que cristallographique, et anisotrope. De nombreux pores ont également été détectés. Des essais de fluage menés à 700 °C et 850 °C ont révélé un endommagement intergranulaire fortement localisé dans la zone intercouche lorsque la sollicitation est appliquée parallèlement à la direction de construction, conduisant à une perte de ductilité et à une rupture précoce. En revanche, lorsque la sollicitation est perpendiculaire à la direction de construction, la durée de vie est systématiquement améliorée. Ce résultat s’explique par une texture morphologique plus favorable, retardant le développement de l’endommagement. Des essais de fluage interrompus ont permis de démontrer que les pores n’avaient pas d’influence directe sur la durabilité du matériau en fluage. Concernant la fatigue, les essais menés à 700 °C, 80 Hz et R=0.05 ont mis en évidence une compétition entre un amorçage sur facette cristallographique et un amorçage sur pore. Lorsque les pores sont sphériques, l’amorçage se produit à leur proximité et s’accompagne d’une zone de micro-propagation cristallographique. Lorsque les pores sont allongés, l’amorçage se produit sans zone cristallographique avoisinante, uniquement si leur grand axe est perpendiculaire à la direction de chargement, conduisant à un abattement majeur de la durée de vie. Enfin, des essais avec un rapport de charge plus élevé (R > 0.5) montrent une contribution significative du fluage à la rupture du matériau, matérialisée par un endommagement interdendritique plus prononcé