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Des contrats internes d'objectifs et de moyens de laboratoires de recherche pour un dialogue de performance capacitant
No full textInternational audienceThe paper is about formalizing contracts within universities, which at the heart of the New Public Management doctrine (Hood, 1995). A recent literature (Bollecker, 2013; Châtelain et al., 2013; Fabre, 2005) looked into objectives contracts as part of the management control field. We focus the study on the internalization of such contracts in terms of tool of control.The aim of this article is to characterize the internal contracts for objectives and resources (CIOMs [1]) implemented between university governing chancellorship and the departments and faculties as a control technology within an average university trying to exit from a critical situation. So, our problematic is to analyze to what extent such internalization of objective contracts can be a control tool from the point of view of the departments.Employing a theoretical point of view, we use Adler and Borys’s (1996) grid for so-called enabling control in three possible dimensions (facilitating, enabling, guidance), Simons’s (1995) conceptual framework of control (interactive versus diagnostic), and the boundary-object framework (Trompette and Winck, 2009; Zeiss and Groenewegen, 2009).Our methodology is based on a textual analysis of the nine ICORs of the studied university and its departments, in addition to interviews with three division directors.The textual analysis results show indeed a certain similarity for three departments. The textual analysis of the ICORs also show that enabling control is the dominant dimension and can be explained, according to the three interviewed faculty directors-whose results of the textual analysis show a strong similarity – by greater self-knowledge during periods of interactive control through dialogue and discussion phases with chancellorship, particularly when departments directors can choose their own indicators for the department during these phases. The facilitating aspect of enabling is mainly explained by the spread of ICOR indicators as close as possible to the teams within the departments. Last, there is a constraining aspect (Ragaigne et al., 2014) to using ICORs, although there is no prescription for their adoption or deployment.L'article vise à analyser la mise en œuvre des contrats internes d'objectifs et de moyens (CIOMs) entre des laboratoires de recherche (la périphérie) et la présidence (le centre) d'une université moyenne. Ces CIOMs s'inscrivent dans le cadre de la contractualisation dans lequel on trouve un dialogue de gestion sur la performance des laboratoires mesurée par des indicateurs.L’article aborde le thème de la contractualisation au sein des universités qui est bien au cœur de la doctrine en Management Public caractérisée par Hood (1995). Une récente littérature (Bollecker, 2013 ; Châtelain et al., 2013 ; Fabre, 2005) s’est intéressée aux contrats d’objectifs dans le champ du contrôle de gestion. Nous nous focalisons sur l’impact de l’internalisation d’une telle contractualisation en termes d’outil de contrôle.Le contexte étudié est celui d’une université de taille moyenne ayant connu une situation critique et dont la gouvernance et la présidence ont mis en place des outils avec pour objectif la sortie de cette situation. Notre problématique est de voir dans quelle mesure une telle internalisation de contrats d’objectifs au sein de l’université étudiée constitue un outil de contrôle. Pour ce faire, l’article vise caractériser les contrats internes d’objectifs et de moyens (CIOM) en tant que technologie de contrôle au sein d’une université moyenne du point de vue des composantes.Sur le plan théorique nous mobilisons la grille conceptuelle de Adler et Borys (1996) sur le contrôle dit capacitant (enabling) selon trois dimensions possibles à laquelle nous ajoutons le cadre conceptuel de Simons (1995) ainsi que celui d’objet-frontière (Trompette et Winck, 2009 ; Zeiss et Groenewegen, 2009) pour caractériser le rôle du CIOM en termes de dialogue entre les composantes et la présidence de l’université. L’école française des outils de gestion est aussi évoquée pour analyser la philosophie gestionnaire du déploiement des CIOM.La méthodologie est basée sur une analyse textuelle des neuf CIOM entre l’université étudiée et ses composantes à l’aide d’un logiciel ad hoc permettant dans un premier temps de faire émerger des proximités issues de la grille conceptuelle mobilisée. L’étude est complétée dans un second temps par des entretiens auprès de 3 directeurs de composantes dont les résultats de l’analyse textuelle préliminaire montrent une forte proximité.Les principaux résultats de l’analyse textuelle des CIOM montrent qu’un contrôle habilitant prédomine et s’explique selon les entretiens par une meilleure connaissance de soi lors du contrôle interactif, notamment en choisissant ses propres indicateurs pour la composante. La dimension facilitante de l’enabling s’explique principalement par la diffusion des indicateurs du CIOM au plus près des équipes dans les composantes. On retrouve enfin une vertu contraignante (Ragaigne et al., 2014) du CIOM en tant qu’outil sans qu’il y ait prescription toutefois dans son adoption ou son déploiement
Foresight 2035: A perspective on the next decade of research on the management of Legionella spp. in engineered aquatic environments
No full textInternational audienceThe disease burden from Legionella spp. infections has been increasing in many industrialized countries and, despite decades of scientific advances, ranks amongst the highest for waterborne diseases. We review here several key research areas from a multi-disciplinary perspective and list critical research needs to address some of the challenges of Legionella spp. management in engineered environments. These include: ( 1) A consideration of Legionella species diversity and co-occurrence, beyond Legionella pneumophila only; (2) An assessment of their environmental prevalence and clinical relevance, and how that may affect legislation, management and intervention prioritization; (3) A consideration of Legionella spp. sources, their definition and prioritization; (4) The factors affecting Legionnaires' disease seasonality, how they link to sources, Legionella spp. proliferation and ecology, and how these may be affected by climate change; (5) The challenge of saving energy in buildings while controlling Legionella spp. with high water temperatures and chemical disinfection; (6) The ecological interactions of Legionella spp. with other microbes, and their potential as a biological control strategy. Ultimately, we call for increased inter-disciplinary collaboration between multiple research domains, as well as trans-disciplinary engagement and collaboration across government, industry and science as the way towards controlling and reducing Legionella-derived infections.</div
A one dimensional hydraulic model for confined navigation with a longitudinal variation of the hull
No full textInternational audienceThis paper addresses some aspects of shallow water theories used for the description of the flow around boats in the context of confined navigation. We start by giving a brief account of the derivation of the most general version of the shallow water system of equations for a boat with non-constant beam and draught profiles. We will also consider the boat to be able to trim and sinkage by hydrostatic effects. Then, we present a quick review of the two classical families of theories of the literature on the matter: the energy and momentum approaches. We will comment their consistencies or inconsistencies with regards to the aforementioned general model. Finally, some numerical results are presented on the general model and comparisons with classical approaches such as the one proposed by Kreitner (1934), Schijf (1949) and Constantine (1960) will be shown
Zones humides : un peu, à la folie, pas du tout [Éditorial]
No full textNational audienceÀ l'heure où l'agriculture est plongée dans la crise, économique et existentielle, la protection des milieux naturels est l'exutoire tout trouvé. Il faut reconquérir, nous bassine-t-on, les souverainetés alimentaire et agricole. Mais reconquérir sur quoi ? Avant tout sur les espaces non ou peu productifs. Pour convertir au labeur et labour des terres restées encore oisives, ou hisser plus haut un rendement agricole que la nature même des lieux handicape. La facilité est de s'en prendre aux pauvres zones humides. Historiquement en effet, les terres arables doivent leur essor, au défrichement d'une part, au drainage d'autre part. Si seulement je pouvais évacuer, mais aussi mettre en réserve, le trop plein d'eau se dit l'exploitant agricole. Un vœu que le politique au pouvoir, hydriquement inculte, est tenté d'exaucer
Rationale and design of an exercise intervention for patients with cancer cachexia: protocol for a one-year follow-up prospective study (2CAPA)
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The prevalence of cancer with cachexia is rising sharply. More than 80% of digestive cancer patients are affected by cancer cachexia. Cachexia leads to weight loss, and reduces quality of life, cancer treatment response and survival. Exercise could counteract the deleterious effects of cachexia. The 2CAPA study aims to assess the effectiveness of a 12-week exercise program on various symptoms associated with cancer cachexia, including food intake, body composition, physical fitness, physical activity levels, Health-Related QoL (HRQoL) and fatigue. Additionally, it seeks to examine compliance with the exercise program, identify barriers to regular exercise and determine how compliance influences physical and psychological effects. Furthermore, we will determine the maintenance of physical activity levels and the effects post-program for one year follow-up on cachexia-related symptoms.Methods: This study will include 31 cancer patients with cachexia. Participants will receive a supervised exercise program lasting 12-weeks with two sessions per week combining endurance and resistance training. Our outcomes include food intake, anthropometric parameters, physical performances, and physical activity levels, HRQoL, and fatigue, at baseline, at the end of the 12-week exercise program, and at 3-, 6- and 12- months post-intervention. Outcomes will be compared between cancer patients with cachexia and a control group of 31 non-cachectic patients.Conclusion: This study is the first prospective, monocenter, real-life investigation designed to assess the efficacy of a supervised 12-week exercise program on physical and psychological cachexia-related symptoms at the end of the program and then during a one-year follow-up. Moreover, our study will identify compliance and barriers to regular exercise for patients with cachexia. Our results will contribute to the management of cachexia-associated with cancer and provide recommendations to ensure that the program achieves the greatest possible effects and the greatest possible compliance.Ethics and dissemination: This study was reviewed and approved by Ethics Committee of Rennes (N°2023-039). The findings will be disseminated to the scientific and medical community via publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registration number: NCT06323733, 21/03/2024
Conclusion : jusqu'où la spécificité des mondes ruraux résiste-t-elle à l'analyse ?
No full textInternational audienc
Real‐World Outcomes of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated Before the Era of Anti‐CD38 Antibodies: The EMMY Cohort From 2017 to 2020
No full textInternational audienceAims/Background: Recent agents have profoundly reshaped the multiple myeloma (MM) landscape. Their real-world impacts need to be assessed over the long term.Methods: EMMY is a non-interventional, prospective dynamic cohort, conducted in France, since 2017, with 900 patients enrolled each year. Newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) who initiated a treatment from 2017 to 2020 are here described.Results: A total of 1036 non-transplant eligible (NTE) patients (median age: 74.9 years) and 561 patients who received autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) (median age: 60.6 years) were enrolled. For ASCT patients, a shift in induction treatment from bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone (VTd) (29.1%) to bortezomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (VRd) (55.1%) marked the period. Maintenance treatment with R after ASCT became a standard (75% of patients). In NTE patients, R-based regimens were increasingly used from 29.4% in 2017 (of whom Rd.: 17.0%, VRd: 10.6%) to 73.3% in 2020 (of whom Rd.: 21.8%, VRd: 48.5%). Median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 46.5 months (95% CI: 37.8-50.6) and 18.7 months (95% CI: 16.3-20.8) in ASCT and NTE patients, respectively. In the ASCT group, patients treated with and without R maintenance had a mPFS of 51.8 (95% CI: 44.1-NA) and 29.6 months (95% CI: 21.8-40.9), respectively. In the NTE group, the mPFS was 26.3 (95% CI: 21.9-30.9) and NTE patients, respectively.wbr/>Conclusions: The 2017-2020 period was marked by the expansion of R use in both NDMM ASCT and NTE patients
Quitter le Nil ? Vulnérabilités socio-environnementales et migrations dans la région du Delta (Égypte)
No full textRubrique : Vie du laboInternational audience[Thèse soutenue le 20 décembre 2024 à l’Université de Poitiers
Rencontres et tensions coloniales dans le Palmarès brésilien au XVIIe siècle
No full textInternational audienc
Développement des compétences orales : l’Approche Neurolinguistique
No full textInternational audienceNotre communication portera sur l'Approche Neurolinguistique (ANL), développée par Claude Germain et Joan Netten (2012), et son impact sur le développement des compétences orales chez les apprenants de langue étrangère. Nous explorerons les principes fondamentaux de cette approche, qui privilégie l'apprentissage implicite de la langue à travers une exposition continue et une pratique répétée dans des contextes significatifs afin de développer la « grammaire interne » de l’apprenant.Nous aborderons notamment comment l'ANL pense le développement de l'oralité en s'appuyant sur la boucle de la littératie, selon laquelle la compréhension orale précède la production orale qui elle-même précède le développement des compétences écrites. En contraste avec les méthodes communicatives qui offrent un panel éclectique de propositions didactiques, l'ANL propose un guidage enseignant très précis qui mérite d’être discuté