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La formation des futurs managers du sport : de la nécessité d'un choc de décroissance ? Étude sur l'évolution des Masters MS en STAPS
No full textInternational audiencePassionnés et intéressés de près ou de loin par le sport, il est malheureusement devenu aisé d’appréhender les effets du dérèglement climatique et plus globalement de la catastrophe environnementale sur la pratique sportive et vice-versa. Face à cette urgence, les choix des décideurs actuels, tout comme les prochains, seront déterminants. Nous avons voulu nous plonger dans une cohorte de futurs managers du sport, en investiguant les formations de niveau Master en Management du Sport, dispensés au sein des historiques et reconnus Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (STAPS)
Origin of localizing creep damage in Ni-based single crystal superalloys pre-strained at room temperature
No full textInternational audienceThis work investigates mechanisms of irregular microstructure evolution and creep damage localization induced by the prior room-temperature plastic deformation applied to Ni-based single crystal superalloys, AM1 and CMSX-4 Plus, in between solution and aging treatments. Dislocation climb similar to what occurs during the high-temperature low-stress creep is the main mechanism of the microstructure evolution occurring around pre-deformation slip bands, and subsequently leading to the formation of the bands with coarsened γ/γ′ microstructure. Presence of “ready-to-shear” dislocations inside the coarsened γ′ phase is confirmed by a stereo-pair anaglyphs of scanning transmission electron microscopy. This native dislocation structure before the high-temperature/low-stress creep test is the origin of creep damage localization observed for the pre-deformed specimens. The comparison of two alloys revealed that magnitude of plastic activity (precipitation coarsening and dislocation development) inside the bands with the coarsened microstructure is notably larger for AM1 what consequently explains the creep properties degradation under all creep conditions
Transatlanticité et extraterritorialité chez Alain Mabanckou : une esthétique de la langue d’écriture atavico-altéritaire
No full textInternational audienceThis study looks at two novels by Alain Mabanckou, Petit Piment (2015) and Les Cigognessont immortelles (2018), to analyze how the author inscribes his writing in the popular parlersof Pointe-Noire. Through a language nourished by proverbs, African orality and localexpressions, Mabanckou valorizes a deep cultural rootedness while developing an aesthetic ofopenness towards the Other. His writing is both atavistic, faithful to Congolese memories, andalteritarian, open to cultural cross-fertilization, thus joining the Afropolitan dynamic. Drawing2on the reflections of Jean-Jacques Séwanou Dabla, Édouard Glissant and Achille Mbembe,this study shows that transatlanticity and exterritoriality mark Mabanckou's language: hewrites from “elsewhere” without severing his ties with his native land. His approachdeconstructs the fixed identities inherited from colonialism, by valorizing a mobile, hybridand creative identity. The analysis is structured around three approaches: poetics and stylistics(Gérard Genette), geopoetics (Édouard Glissant) and postcolonial criticism (AchilleMbembe). In this way, Mabanckou contributes to a decentered vision of the world andredefines notions of belonging, origin and literary space, creating a cross-border languagecapable of bringing Africa, Europe and the Americas into dialogue.Cette étude s’intéresse à deux romans d’Alain Mabanckou, Petit Piment (2015) et LesCigognes sont immortelles (2018), pour analyser comment l’auteur inscrit son écriture dansles parlers populaires de Pointe-Noire. À travers une langue nourrie de proverbes, d’oralitéafricaine et d’expressions locales, Mabanckou valorise un enracinement culturel profond touten développant une esthétique d’ouverture vers l’Autre. Son écriture est à la fois atavique,fidèle aux mémoires congolaises, et altéritaire, ouverte au métissage culturel, rejoignant ainsila dynamique afropolitaine. S'inspirant des réflexions de Jean-Jacques Séwanou Dabla,Édouard Glissant et Achille Mbembe, cette étude montre que la transatlanticité etl’exterritorialité marquent la langue de Mabanckou : il écrit depuis "ailleurs" sans couper sesliens avec sa terre natale. Sa démarche déconstruit les identités fixes héritées du colonialisme,en valorisant une identité mobile, hybride et créatrice. Trois approches structurent l'analyse :poétique et stylistique (Gérard Genette), géopoétique (Édouard Glissant) et critiquepostcoloniale (Achille Mbembe). Ainsi, Mabanckou participe à une vision décentrée dumonde et redéfinit les notions d’appartenance, d’origine et d’espace littéraire, créant unelangue transfrontalière, capable de faire dialoguer l’Afrique, l’Europe et les Amériques
Archéologie d’un site castral déserté : la motte de Châteauvieux (La Porcherie 87), Rapport intermédiaire de fouille programmée 2024
No full textBrown adipose tissue activity impacts systemic lactate clearance in male mice
No full textInternational audienceNon-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is linked to metabolic health. Yet, how its activity states impact on systemic metabolism and in particular on lactate, a highly abundant metabolite increasingly recognized as a critical player in energy metabolism, remains unresolved. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of BAT activity on lactate metabolism at the whole organism level. To activate or inactivate non-shivering thermogenesis in BAT, we housed C57Bl6/J male mice at 4, 21 and 30°C and then conducted lactate tolerance tests. In mice exposed to cold exposure (4°C), systemic lactate clearance was elevated. In contrast, clearance of systemic lactate was poor in mice housed under thermoneutral conditions (30°C) that inactivate BAT thermogenesis, as well as in mice deficient for the mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1. To better understand lactate metabolic fate during the clearance phase, in vivo stable isotope tracing experiments with labelled 13C-lactate and analyses by mass spectrometry were performed. These experiments revealed that lactate contribution to gluconeogenesis was increased under cold exposure while its contribution to the tricarboxylic acid cycle was reduced in BAT under thermoneutrality. Remarkably, we also identified that lactate entered a pyruvate cycling process that was highly active in BAT, and repressed at thermoneutrality. Our study shows that inactivation of non-shivering thermogenesis decreased systemic lactate clearance, concomitantly with changes in metabolic fate of lactate in BAT and in gluconeogenic organs, in male mice
Analysis and Evaluation of a Joint Path Planning Algorithm for the Quasi-Spherical Parallel Manipulator, a Master Device for Telesurgery
No full textInternational audienceThis work presents the experimental validation of a reset control mode for a Quasi-Spherical Parallel Manipulator (qSPM), designed as a master device for bilaterally teleoperated telesurgical systems. The reset functionality enables autonomous repositioning of the master device to its central configuration via a joint-space path planning algorithm, executed entirely within the local control loop. Given the non-convex nature of the joint space, the algorithm computes feasible trajectories using a simplified optimization scheme that ensures compliance with mechanical and kinematic constraints. The algorithm was implemented within an ROS Noetic framework and tested across multiple scenarios, including both simulated and physical configurations. The experimental results confirm the device's ability to reset to the central position in approximately 5 s, maintaining an average residual error below 0.25°. Computational evaluations demonstrate that each path is generated in less than 10 milliseconds, supporting real-time execution. Additional trials show successful motion toward arbitrary points within the joint space, suggesting the potential for future integration of user-driven repositioning features. These findings highlight the responsiveness, reliability, and experimental feasibility of the proposed control mode, marking a key step toward improving usability in telesurgical environments
Do financial markets in central and eastern European countries experience post-crisis mean reversion?
No full textInternational audienceWhile several studies have examined the mean reversion of returns on equity markets in industrialized countries, there has been a lack of academic research on the markets of central and eastern European countries (CEECs). Our research aims to fill this gap by employing an innovative measurement method that uses an exponential moving average. We also tested an ARMA model as well as Granger causality test. The results indicate an absence of mean reversion in the very short term (daily horizon) but there are different effects on other investment horizons depending on the type of crisis. During the 2008 financial crisis and at the start of the war in Ukraine, the mean reversion effect was more noticeable in the medium term (90 days), while it was more marked in the short term (ten days) during the Covid-19 crisis
Advancing the psychology of social class with large-scale replications in four countries
No full textInternational audienceTheoretical models have been developed to understand how social class influences individual thoughts, feelings and behaviours. However, the validity of these models is threatened by the prevailing use of small, non-diverse samples and flexible measurement practices. We preregistered replications of 35 key hypotheses from 17 correlational and 5 experimental studies, and collected large, quota-based or probability samples from the USA, France, Switzerland and India ( N total = 33,536). Our analysis yielded three central findings: (1) ~50% of the effects were successfully replicated; (2) conclusions were consistent across different operationalizations of social class, although objective indicators yielded smaller estimates (for example, income and education); and (3) half of the effects were moderated—mostly strengthened—by social class identification, system-justification beliefs or local income inequality. Overall, hypotheses based on differences between social class contexts in terms of constraints, uncertainty and status were well supported. However, hypotheses based on models positing social class differences in psychological orientations towards ‘the self’ versus ‘others and the environment’ received less support. We conclude that these models need to be reassessed as individuals from higher social classes seem more oriented towards both themselves and others.The Stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 29 October 2021.The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B6Y8R
Vers une digitalisation de l’information sur le médicament : état des lieux de la mise en oeuvre de l’ePI en Europe, enjeux, initiatives et perspectives
No full textDans un contexte mondial marqué par des défis environnementaux et une transformation numérique accélérée par la crise du COVID-19, cette thèse examine l'émergence de l’ePI comme une avancée majeure dans la diffusion des informations sur les médicaments en Europe. Cette thèse analyse d'abord les limites des notices papier traditionnelles, jugées peu attractives et difficiles à comprendre par les patients et les professionnels de santé. Face à ces contraintes, l'ePI apparaît comme une solution innovante offrant de multiples avantages : elle permet un accès à une information actualisée en temps réel, une amélioration de l'accessibilité pour les personnes en situation de handicap, et une intégration de contenus multimédias. Au-delà de ces bénéfices pour les utilisateurs, la dématérialisation des notices s'inscrit dans une démarche éco-responsable en réduisant significativement l'empreinte carbone liée à leur production, tout en optimisant les processus réglementaires. Néanmoins, malgré ces avantages indéniables, la transition vers l'ePI soulève d'importants défis en matière d'équité d'accès à l'information, nécessitant l'élaboration de solutions inclusives qui répondent aux besoins de l'ensemble des utilisateurs, y compris ceux éloignés du numérique. La thèse s’intéresse ensuite aux initiatives européennes en matière de digitalisation de l’information sur les médicaments, en retraçant leur évolution depuis les premières réflexions engagées en 2016 jusqu’au projet pilote conduit par l’EMA entre 2023 et 2024. Les résultats prometteurs du projet pilote confirment la faisabilité technique de l’ePI, malgré les défis persistants liés à la fracture numérique et à l’hétérogénéité des contextes nationaux au sein des États membres. Toutefois, la généralisation de cette solution innovante demeure conditionnée par la révision en cours de la législation pharmaceutique européenne, laquelle devrait permettre de clarifier le statut juridique de l’ePI et d’encadrer, le cas échéant, la transition progressive vers l’abandon des notices papier. Les perspectives d’harmonisation et de digitalisation des informations sur les médicaments sont ensuite étudiés, en présentant les standards techniques visant à garantir l’interopérabilité des données, souhaités par l’EMA. Cette étude conclut que l'ePI représente une opportunité majeure pour améliorer l'accès à l'information sur les médicaments, tout en s’inscrivant pleinement dans les dynamiques de transition écologique et numérique portées par l’UE
