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Metabolomic datasets of an apple progeny carrying resistance quantitative trait loci to apple scab before or after inoculation of the pathogen Venturia inaequalis
No full textInternational audiencePhytosanitary treatments are massively used in orchards to fight apple scab, a disease caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis (Vi). To reduce these treatments, resistant varieties are largely deployed but their effectiveness can decrease over time. The combination of complementary molecular mechanisms within new varieties could enhance the durability of genetic resistance however, the underlying resistance mechanisms remain poorly understood. An apple pseudo-F1 progeny was previously widely investigated for its quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling resistance to scab and at least three of them seem to act complementarily; notably, one of them is specific to some Vi isolates while the others have a broader spectra of action. The aim of this approach is to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms and metabolites associated with resistance alleles by exploring apple leaf specialized metabolism. A total of three experiments was conducted: one experiment included non-inoculated leaves whereas in the two other experiments, leaf samples were collected five days after inoculation with two different Vi isolates, including one known to overcome one QTL. Metabolic content was extracted in aqueous methanol before performing an untargeted metabolomic analysis using an Orbitrap IDXTM mass spectrometer, allowing high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) detection. This approach without a priori enables the detection of potentially new chemical families involved in resistance to apple scab. The current data article includes 1) the protocol of plant sample production with a table summarizing key elements of the experimental designs, 2) overview of the raw metabolomic profiles from all three experiments and 3) assessment of metabolic feature reproducibility between replicates in each dataset through Principal Component Analysis. The raw data files are available on the recherche.data.gouv repository (10.57745/XJBD8V). These datasets are valuable resources to further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic resistance to apple scab, with a focus on specialized metabolism. In the long term, it should improve apple breeding strategies by informing on how to combine appropriate genetic and biochemical factors in new varieties to ensure a more durable resistance
COVID-19 and blood group-related antigens: can natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies provide innate protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection?
No full textInternational audienceBackground Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily targets respiratory mucosa, causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 may be influenced by predisposing factors including blood groups. In this study, we investigated whether natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies provide innate protection against SARS-CoV-2 and influence disease severity. Methodology We used samples (plasma and saliva) from a longitudinal cohort study in Bangladesh that enrolled 100 COVID-19 symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. We also enrolled 21 and 38 healthy controls during the pandemic period and pre-pandemic period, respectively. We phenotype ABO blood grouping from blood and determined Lewis and secretor status (H antigen) from the saliva samples. We quantified natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies (anti-A, anti-B, anti-Tn-Mono and anti-αGal IgG, IgA, and IgM) from plasma collected at enrollment. We also explored the trend of natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies until 3 months of convalescence period among the COVID-19 patients (day 14 and day 90 from enrollment). Antibody quantification and ABH/Lewis phenotyping were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results We included 99 COVID-19 patients and 59 healthy controls assessing the differences of natural antibody titer during enrollment, while 95 patients were analyzed exploring Lewis and secretor status with natural antibody titer and disease status. We did not find significant difference in the distribution for neither ABO blood groups nor non-secretors and Lewis-negative individuals among asymptomatic or symptomatic patients and healthy controls. Nonetheless, we observed lower anti-A antibody titers among symptomatic patients compared to healthy controls. We also identified slight differences in antibody titers linked to age and gender. Anti-A and anti-B antibodies among asymptomatic patients had a higher trend up to 3 months from infection compared to symptomatic patients. Conclusion Higher natural anti-A and anti-B antibody titers may offer protection against symptomatic COVID-19 infections. Gender and blood group differences indicate potential innate immune factors influencing disease severity, but larger studies are needed to confirm these findings
Air pollution inequalities in Europe: A deeper understating of challenges in Eastern Europe and pathways forward towards closing the gap between East and West
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An overview of work-related stress assessment
No full textInternational audienceObjective: Work-related stress (WRS) is associated with the development of various health issues and long-term absence from the workplace. Adequate measurement of WRS is essential to assess its prevalence, risks, and effectiveness of preventive interventions. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of different categories of WRS assessment: 1) self-assessment, 2) external assessment, and 3) biomarkers.Methods: The databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science have been searched until July 2024 for studies comprising self-assessment or external assessment of WRS, and WRS biomarkers. The self-assessment studies were further evaluated following the COSMIN guidelines.Results: In this review, a total of 15,749 articles were screened. The final analysis included 53 studies on self-assessment of WRS, 33 articles on external assessment of WRS and 167 articles on stress biomarkers. Within self-assessment studies, four instruments were included in the analysis: Job Content Questionnaire, Effort Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II and the Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire. The studies applying external assessment used job-exposure matrices, work register data, ethnography, digital tools, and external observation. The identified WRS biomarkers were associated with the sympathetic adrenal medullary axis, the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, immune response and inflammation, and haemostatic, metabolic and (epi)genetic biomarkers.Conclusion: The available evidence does not support the claim that there is a singular golden standard for assessing WRS. Inclusion of objective parameters and the interaction with subjective parameters and biological markers has to be studied to receive a broader view of WRS
Small amounts of dissolved salts increase the mobility of mud flows on Mars and other extraterrestrial bodies
No full textInternational audienceSedimentary volcanism is a widespread geological phenomenon on Earth. Similar processes are theorized to occur on extraterrestrial bodies like Mars, potentially representing surface expressions of subsurface liquid water reservoirs. As we are currently missing ground truth, recognizing signs of extraterrestrial mud volcanism is based on comparative analysis with terrestrial mudflows. Despite the ubiquitous presence of salts on planetary surfaces, it remains unclear how different dissolved salts in mud mixtures influence the behavior of erupted mud. Our study integrates laboratory experiments, thermodynamic calculations, and rheometry measurements to investigate how concentrations of NaCl, MgSO4, Na2SO4, and CaSO4 affect such behavior. The results show that 10 wt.% MgSO4 and only 2.5 wt.% NaCl maximizes mud propagation, producing ropy patterns and narrow flows, while higher salt concentrations result in sheet-like flows covering wider areas. When the mud is supersaturated in salt, the liquid state is prolonged but propagation is reduced. Hence, mud salinity has a significant influence on mud flow behavior in low-pressure environments, reflecting the balance between anti-freezing effects and viscosity-compositional effects. Our experimental results are limited to bentonite muds, yet the sensitivity to salt type/concentration is also expected for other muds, leading to a much broader range of morphology, longevity and spatial dispersion than previously assumed
Modes d’habiter et transactions socio-spatiales. L’habitant à l’épreuve du quotidien… et de la crise environnementale
No full textThis habilitation thesis is composed of two parts. The first part outlines my teaching and research trajectory. The second part demonstrates that, through the diversity of explored themes, the core focus has been on modes of inhabiting and the role played by the act of dwelling (l’habiter). This social geography places the inhabitant – both a social and spatial individual, sensitive and dynamic – at its center. The inhabitant is constantly compelled to “cope,” to compose and negotiate, including with himself, in order to reconcile his aspirations with his range of possibilities and to make his world habitable. The second part begins with a review of the research on dwelling and modes of inhabiting, concluding with a semantic clarification of the terms used in this context. It continues with a disciplinary positioning.An attempt to model the articulation and interactions between dwelling and modes of inhabiting is then presented, supported by notions of culture, sensibilities, experiences, and inhabitant logics. This is followed by a methodological reflection, particularly on the use of a comprehensive biographical approach through interviews in geography. The final chapter identifies several cross-cutting results drawn from research on modes of inhabiting and peri-urban territories. The conclusion outlines three initial avenues for further exploration regarding how the environmental crisis is adjusting or disrupting both the representations of the inhabitant and his mode of inhabiting, as well as the new forms of transactions it necessitates.Le mémoire d’habilitation à diriger des recherches est composé de deux parties. La première retrace mon parcours d’enseignement et de recherche. La deuxième partie montre qu’à travers la diversité des thématiques explorées, le sillon creusé est celui des modes d’habiter et du rôle qu’y joue l’habiter. Cette géographie sociale place au centre l’habitant, individu social et spatial, sensible, qui toujours doit « faire avec », composer, transiger, y compris avec lui-même, pour concilier ses aspirations avec le champ de ses possibles et rendre son monde habitable. Elle débute par une revue des travaux autour de l’habiter et des modes d’habiter et suggère in fine une clarification sémantique des mots employés pour les évoquer. Elle se poursuit par un positionnement disciplinaire. Un essai de modélisation de l’articulation et des interactions entre l’habiter et les modes d’habiter est ensuite proposé, à l’appui des notions de culture, sensibilités, expériences et logiques habitantes. Suit une réflexion méthodologique autour notamment de l’approche biographique compréhensive par entretien en géographie. Le dernier chapitre dégage des recherches conduites autour des modes d’habiter et des territoires périurbains un certain nombre de résultats transversaux. La conclusion dessine trois premières pistes d’exploration à ouvrir autour de ce que la crise environnementale ajuste ou bouleverse tant dans du point de vue des représentations de l’habitant que des incidences sur son mode d’habiter et des transactions nouvelles auxquelles elle oblige
podcast Les sentinelles du vivant
No full textpodcastInternational audiencehttps://shows.acast.com/les-sentinelles-du-vivantLes sentinelles du vivant est un podcast imaginé et porté par Laure Cormier, Paula Macé Le Ficher et Sabine Bognon, chercheuses en géographie et aménagement, dans le cadre du programme de recherche ANR ANBioT.Ce podcast évoque notre relation à la nature, par le prisme de la géographie et de l'aménagement de nos territoires. Les paysages de plus en plus artificialisés semblent pointer vers une nouvelle ère. C’est donc en regardant de près les territoires, les paysages, et le vivant que Louise Regent ouvre cette conversation documentaire en quatre épisodes. Arthur Faraldi est à la réalisation, et Violette Voldoire à la production.Ce projet de podcast s'est construit à partir du travail de recherche de Laure Cormier, Paula Macé Le Ficher et Sabine Bognon, chercheuses en géographie et aménagement, UMR CITERES dans le cadre du projet de recherche ANR ANBioT et le projet sciences et sociétés ANR SAPS -MEFO 1 portés par l'Université de Tours (financés par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche) et avec l'accompagnement de Centre-Sciences, elles ont cherché à partager leurs recherches de façon accessible et pédagogique
Glossaire de promotion de la santé : 40 notions pour améliorer la santé, le bien-être et l'équité
No full textNational audienceLa promotion de la santé vise à améliorer la santé, le bien-être et l’équité dans nos sociétés. Face aux défis actuels (climat, solidarité, accessibilité des services), elle agit sur les déterminants de la santé et favorise une approche démocratique des politiques publiques pour réduire les inégalités. Bien que de plus en plus présente dans l’espace public, cette notion suscite débats et questions sur ses concepts, recherches et pratiques. Ce glossaire propose 40 termes clés pour comprendre et appliquer les principes de la promotion de la santé. (extrait 4ème couv.
The history of geomagnetic secular variation hemispherical dichotomies
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