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The Missing Link is the Object of Study: From Xenophon, Smith, Say, Marshall, Whately and Robbins
No full textInternational audienceEconomics concept expressed by Xenophon, "Management of the family" is too general, and its extension is therefore much broader. According to Aristotle's general rule of the comprehension and extension of the concept: less characters the concept contains, the wider the field in which it is applied. That is why, after Xenophon, all modern economists have each given their extension of economics term. There was therefore no unanimity on the object of study. However, there is no science without an object. This article, through the identification of the object, attempt to unify the definitions of economics concept that seemed to oppose
Ruralités et jeunesse : de territoires oubliés à solutions d'avenir, un élan à donner
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ФРАНЦУЗСКИЙ ПАРАДОКС: ИСЛАМ И ЛАИЦИЗМ
No full textФРАНЦУЗСКИЙ ПАРАДОКС: ИСЛАМ И ЛАИЦИЗМ. (2025). European Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development , 40, 316-325.Russian translation of J. Tolan, "A French Paradox?: Islam and Laïcité." Georgetown Journal of International Affairs 18 (2017), 41-50.Совместим ли Ислам с лаицизмом, являющимся одной из разновидностей секуляризма во Франции? И напротив, позволяет ли лаицизм свободному вероисповеданию мусульман в рамках нейтрального режима, или же это всего лишь кодовое слово, маскирующее исламофобию? Если бы я сформулировал эти вопросы в духе манихейского мировоззрения, то именно такие формулировки часто звучат во французском политическом дискурсе, в СМИ (как французских, так и зарубежных) и в других источниках. К счастью, более тонкие подходы к этим вопросам также существуют: лаицизм стал предметом активных исследований среди учёных -как французских, так и иностранных -в таких областях, как социология, история и политология. Было опубликовано множество статей и книг политиками, военными и религиозными деятелями (большинство из них, конечно, полемичны, но некоторые заслуживают внимания).</div
Toward a Comprehensive Definition of Urban Digital Twins: Bridging Gaps for Smart City Development
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Plant species richness, green spaces, and preterm birth risk in urban areas
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that urban biodiversity may influence human health, though this relationship remains incompletely understood. While green spaces have shown beneficial effects on birth outcomes, the specific role of plant species richness has not been investigated in relation to preterm birth (PTB, <37 weeks’ gestation).MethodsUsing Kaiser Permanente Southern California electronic health records (2015–2021), we analyzed 232,452 births to examine associations between plant species richness and PTB. Plant species richness was assessed at the maternal neighborhood level, defined using circular buffers of 1.5 km around maternal residences.ResultsWe found that increased plant species richness was associated with decreased PTB risk (adjusted odds ratio per interquartile range: 0.959, 95 % CI: 0.941, 0.977). The observed association persisted after further adjustment for multiple green space indicators. The proportions of mediation effects attributable to mean temperature during pregnancy ranged from 7.0 % to 7.8 % across plant species diversity indicators. In the subgroup analysis, plant species diversity demonstrated significantly stronger protective associations against PTB among mothers exposed to higher levels of Ozone, high ambient temperatures, and those gave birth during the pandemic period. Conversely, protective associations were more pronounced among mothers with lower NO2 exposure during pregnancy. Notably, the significant relationship between plant species richness and reduced PTB persisted in pandemic-period analyses after adjusting for COVID-19 infection during pregnancy.ConclusionsOur findings highlight a complex interplay of sociodemographic and environmental factors influencing PTB risks and underscore the critical need for public health interventions that consider the unique attributes of urban green space
De l'apport de l'IA à la compréhension, l'évaluation, la sélection et la description des messageries électroniques. Quelques réflexions à partir des résultats d'un programme de recherche
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Management of bleeding and invasive procedures in patients treated with anti-factor XI(a) anticoagulants: proposals from the French Working Group on Perioperative Haemostasis (GIHP) and the French Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SFTH)
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Several anti-FXI(a) agents with distinct mechanisms of action and pharmacological properties are currently under clinical development. While these anticoagulants are not yet available, there is a need to address bleeding risk management for patients already enrolled in phase III trials. These patients may face elective or unplanned invasive procedures and bleeding events in anticipation of marketing authorization.Experience from managing patients with inherited FXI deficiency, along with data from early clinical trials, suggests that the bleeding risk associated with anti-FXI(a) is likely to be low but can vary depending on the clinical situation. Anti-FXI(a) reversal options include tranexamic acid, FXI concentrates, and recombinant activated factor VII. However, these options may not always be suitable, can be expensive, and may carry a thrombotic risk.Objectives: The French Working Group on Perioperative Haemostasis (Groupe d'Intérêt en Hémostase Péri-opératoire (GIHP)) and the French Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SFTH) aimed to develop proposals to manage bleeding and invasive procedures in patients treated with anticoagulants targeting Factor XI or XIa (anti-FXI(a)).Methods: Literature review and development of practical guidelines by an expert panel.Results: We propose pragmatic recommendations for optimizing safety in patients treated with anti-FXI(a), considering bleeding and thrombosis risks, the drug's mechanism of action, and available reversal options.Conclusion: These proposals will be re-evaluated as more data becomes available. The implementation of a registry for managing anti-FXI(a) anticoagulants in patients undergoing invasive procedures or experiencing bleeding complications is needed
Epidemiology and Prognostic Factors Associated With Mold-Positive Blood Cultures: 10-Year Data From a French Prospective Surveillance Program (2012–2022)
No full textInternational audienceBackground While invasive fusariosis and lomentosporiosis are known to be associated with fungemia, overall data on mold-related fungemia are limited, hampering early management. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of mold-positive blood cultures. Methods Epidemiological and clinical data on mold-positive blood cultures from 2012 to 2022 were obtained from the RESSIF database. Pseudofungemia was excluded using modified Duthie and Denning criteria. Univariable and multivariable Firth logistical regression was used to study factors associated with 90-day mortality. Results Fusarium spp accounted for 67.5% of the 80 events, involving predominantly Fusarium fujikuroi spp complex (FFSC), Neocosmospora spp, and Fusarium oxysporum spp complex (FOSC). Lomentospora prolificans was the second most frequent (10%), followed by Trichoderma spp, Aspergillus spp, and Mucorales (5% each). Most patients had a history of hematological malignancy (HM) (70%). Forty-three percent had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cutaneous and pulmonary lesions were common (43% each). Median time to blood culture positivity was 72 hours. HM and neutropenia were commonly reported in patients with FFSC, Neocosmospora spp, and L. prolificans fungemia. Pulmonary lesions were frequent in cases of L. prolificans fungemia. Patients with gastrointestinal conditions were frequently diagnosed with FOSC molds. HM (75%), particularly acute myeloblastic leukemia, was frequent in patients with Aspergillus spp fungemia. All patients with Trichoderma spp fungemia were exposed to corticosteroids. Day 90 mortality was 53%. Independent predictive factors of day 90 mortality included L. prolificans (odds ratio [OR], 33.3), Aspergillus spp fungemia (OR, 14.2), and corticosteroid exposure (OR, 7.85). Conclusions Underlying conditions and clinical presentation vary between genera and could be considered to guide early management
Inference of social media opinion trends in 2022 Italian elections
No full textInternational audienceSocial media platforms play a significant role in political discourse, often serving as tools for political actors to disseminate partisan narratives, frequently encapsulated in concise slogans presented as hashtags. In this paper, we present a novel systematic framework leveraging network science tools and clustering algorithms to discern the political orientations of posts through their associated hashtags, that can be used in the context of opinion dynamics. Our results show that by applying this framework within the context of the 2022 Italian Elections, we successfully quantify the online activity of political coalitions and their supporters pre and post-election. By analyzing labeled posts derived from this framework we find a surge in user activity leading up to the election, followed by a pronounced decline afterward. Moreover, we note a remarkable shift in engagement toward the winning coalition post-election. Interestingly, at the coalition level, our findings reveal an inverse correlation between posting activity and the level of engagement received on social media platforms. Finally, a rank-size analysis of publication patterns among supporters during the pre-election period highlighted comparable trends in content generation across coalitions