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Maternal Influenza-Like Illness and Neonatal Health During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in a Swiss City
No full textInternational audienceExposure to the 1918 influenza pandemic may have been associated with preterm birth (<37 weeks). Other outcomes, such as infant size or weight, have rarely been explored. Using 2177 historical birth records from University Maternity Hospital of Lausanne, it was estimated whether in utero exposure to maternal influenza-like illness (ILI) during the 1918 pandemic was associated with pregnancy outcomes and whether associations varied depending on the trimester of ILI during pregnancy or on fetal sex. Generalized linear models and robust linear models were used to analyze the association between ILI and gestational age, stillbirth, and anthropometric measurements, adjusting on covariates. Analyses were stratified by fetal sex. A total of 282 (13%) women developed ILI during pregnancy. Exposure to ILI was associated with lower anthropometric measurements: low birthweight (LBW; <2500 g) (marginally adjusted percentage was 13.3% compared with 6.9% in the unexposed group; difference, 6.4 percentage points [95% CI, 5.5 to 7.2 percentage points]). There was strong evidence that third trimester exposure was associated with worse adverse pregnancy outcomes, including with LBW (difference, 12.8 percentage points [CI, 11.8 to 13.7 percentage points]) and preterm birth rates (difference, 9.4 percentage points [CI, 8.2 to 10.6 percentage points]). Maternal ILI may have triggered premature birth. The magnitude of the declines in anthropometric parameters was higher among male fetuses, and they had a higher stillbirth rate. For instance, males exposed during the third trimester had their birthweight lowered by 228.4 g (CI, -391.0 to -65.8 g) compared with 126.3 g among females [CI, -256.6 to 4.0 g]. Only 41% of infants exposed to first-trimester ILI were males, suggesting a selection against male fetuses through miscarriage. Our findings may not generalize to the entire population of Lausanne, as 34% of births were home births at the time
Le stockage S3 : Un exemple pour la visualisation de cartes interactives
No full textNational audienceL'imagerie satellitaire est un gros producteur de données utilisé dans de nombreux domaines d'activités. Un satellite comme Pléiades Neo, lancée en 2021, peut produire des images de la Terre à 30 centimètres de résolution, de quoi crée une mosaïque globale de 1.5 peta-pixels sur l'ensemble du globe; qu'il faut régulièrement mettre à jour pour suivre l'évolution de notre planète. Manipuler de tel volume de fichier (~15 Po/annuel) impose d'utiliser des technologies de stockage particulièrement efficace pour héberger l'archive historique et la mettre à disposition des utilisateurs. Pour faciliter la manipulation de ces cartes, tout particulièrement pour les appareils mobiles, les mosaïques globales doivent être découpées en petites tuiles de quelque kilo-octet pour n'envoyer à l'utilisateur que la sous-partie de l'image qui lui est pertinente. Historiquement, cette étape de tuilage était effectuée soit, à la demande par un serveur de carte (WMS) sous la forme d'un middleware, qui devait absorber en direct la charge de tous les utilisateurs; soit en amont et de manière systématique en hébergeant des milliards de tuiles de manière statiques (WMTS), typiquement sur un stockage objet de type S3. En 2019, l'Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) a introduit un nouveau standard, le Cloud-Optmized Geotiff (COG) permettant de combiner le meilleur des deux mondes. Moyennant une structuration préalable du fichier, il est désormais possible d'utiliser les "HTTP range requests" sur une gateway S3 pour s'affranchir d'un middleware et ne plus avoir besoin de pré-tuiler les mosaïques en milliards de fichiers. Nous verrons dans cet exposé comment les COG permettent de grandement simplifier la génération de cartes interactives
Quand la ville ne dort pas. Le bruit des sorties de fin de semaine est-il nécessairement gage de conflits ?
No full textNational audienceLes conflits de voisinage autour du bruit de la fête, particulièrement les nuits de fin de semaine en tissu urbain dense, continuent de défrayer la chronique. Mais qu’en est-il exactement ? La gêne sonore survient-elle immanquablement, chez tout un chacun, ébranlant ainsi toute possibilité de « vivre ensemble » dans la ville nocturne ? À partir d’une enquête de terrain conduite à Caen et Rennes, nous montrons que l’exposition au bruit récréatif nocturne, son ressenti, ainsi que l’expression de la gêne comme la manière d’y faire face sont moins le produit de caractéristiques physico-acoustiques que des trajectoires et positions sociales des habitants, et singulièrement de leur (non-)insertion parentale, professionnelle ou résidentielle, dessinant des rapports disparates et inégaux à la fête et à sa dimension acoustique. La perspective d’une éducation sonore, tout au long de la vie, est ainsi posée
Les pupilles eurasiens d’Indochine déplacés en France (1947-1976). Une démarche historienne
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Blood Sample Preparation for Human Chemical Exposomics: Insights from Large-Scale Applications
No full textInternational audienceLiquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) enables profiling of hundreds of externally derived chemicals and their metabolites in human biofluids to capture the internal chemical exposome. Nevertheless, developing sensitive and robust high-throughput methodologies to scale up exposomics remains challenging. We compared two validated sample preparation methods (SPMs) based on protein precipitation (PPT) and PPT combined with phospholipid removal (PLR) in two cohorts using blood plasma (n = 109) and serum (n = 75) to assess their impact on LC-HRMS repeatability and chemical coverage. Additional filtration on PLR plates allowed the injection of extracts twice concentrated without affecting LC-HRMS repeatability. The comparison of chemical coverage between SPMs was then assessed using 184 compounds (including a large variety of exogenous chemicals) annotated with a suspect screening strategy. Most chemicals (78-86%) were detected with both SPMs, but a substantial fraction showed preferential (>2-fold, 37-50%) or exclusive (14-22%) detection with one SPM, reflecting differences in matrix effects and/or recoveries. Low-abundance chemicals were more sensitive to the choice of SPM, though no predictive trends related to physicochemical properties emerged, likely due to higher analytical uncertainty. Overall, both SPMs provided acceptable chemical coverage for large-scale exposomics. Nonetheless, the compound-dependent nature of detection highlights the value of applying complementary SPMs when feasible
SIRT1 retention in elongating spermatids interferes with histone displacement by counteracting MOF-dependent H4K16 acetylation
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: The histone H4 hyperacetylation (i.e., acetylation of H4 at lysines -K5, -K8, -K12, and -K16, here reported as H4tetraAc) occurs in elongating spermatids (eSPTs) during spermiogenesis. Although it is critically involved in histone displacement, the mechanistic involvement of histone -acetyltransferases (HATs) and -deacetylases (HDACs) in the pathway underlying H4 hyperacetylation is poorly defined. Here, we investigate the involvement of SIRT1 deacetylase, and its functional interaction with the histone acetyltransferase MOF, in regulating H4 hyperacetylation underlying histone-to-protamine exchange.Methods: Exploiting the cannabinoid receptor 1 (Cb1) null mice (Cb1-/-) as a model of impaired histone displacement, we assessed in eSPTs the expression and the localization of SIRT1 in combination with the enrichment of H4tetraAc and the relative monoacetylated forms (H4-K5ac, -K8ac, -K12ac and -K16ac), by Western Blot and immunohistochemistry analyses. Then, focusing on SIRT1 interaction with MOF HAT by protein immunoprecipitation experiments, we verified the H4K16ac and H4TetraAc enrichment in eSPTs in response to ex vivo SIRT1 inhibition by using the selective EX-527 inhibitor.Results: We show that the hyperacetylation of histone H4 occurs progressively in steps 8-9 eSPTs and bursts in step 10 eSPTs, appearing inversely correlated to the expression pattern of SIRT1, being SIRT1 present in step 8, detectable in step 9 and absent in step 10 eSPTs. The abnormal SIRT1 retention in step 10 eSPTs of Cb1-/- mice, despite the observed enrichment of H4-K5ac, -K8ac, and -K12ac, counteracts the H4 hyperacetylation burst by limiting the H4 acetylation at lysine K16. Mechanistically, SIRT1 directly or indirectly interacts with and negatively regulates MOF acetyltransferase, specifically affecting its acetylation status and protein content, thereby interfering with H4K16 acetylation. Counteracting the MOF/SIRT1 interaction by SIRT1 inhibition in ex vivo Cb1-/- testis, both MOF protein content and acetylation status increase, downstream promoting recovery of H4K16ac and H4tetraAc in step 10 eSPT, and full rescue of histone displacement.Conclusion: These results underscore the key involvement of SIRT1-MOF axis in modulating H4K16 acetylation. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into H4K16 acetylation pathway in eSPTs and support the key role of H4K16ac in chromatin remodeling underlying histone displacement
« De la manière d’interpréter les parcours chaotiques de femmes détenues »
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Exploring the role of readthrough-inducing molecule 2,6-diaminopurine to increase immune response against cancer cells
No full textInternational audienceImmuno-oncotherapy is a highly promising therapeutic strategy that relies on the ability of cancer cells to present specific antigenic epitopes at their surfaces. Because they proliferate rapidly, cancer cells frequently accumulate genetic variants, including premature termination codons. In this study, we investigated the potential of 2,6-diaminopurine (DAP), a potent translational-readthrough-inducing molecule, to elicit an antitumor immune response. Readthrough-resulting proteins following DAP treatment can be displayed at the cell surface by the major histocompatibility complex, thus potentially enhancing immune recognition. This was demonstrated using a construct encoding FIREFLY LUCIFERASE interrupted by a UGA stop codon and fused at its C terminus with the SL8 antigenic peptide. Furthermore, in vivo exposure to DAP promotes the recruitment of immune effector cells, including T lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells, to the tumor microenvironment. These findings suggest that DAP and potentially other translational readthrough-inducing molecules hold promise as novel candidate drugs for antitumor therapy
From epistolary exchanges between "paralyzed" people to epistolary and digital exchanges with able-bodied people. The Cordées System in France, 1932-2022
No full textInternational audienceThis article explains the history of the Cordées. This form of correspondence between people with disabilities was initiated and organized by the French association APF France Handicap as early as 1933 and continues to this day. The material that was analyzed includes letters and interviews with participants, as well as articles from Faire Face magazine and the Edelweiss newsletter. A four-stage presentation of the origins and evolution of the Epistolary Rope Teams is presented: 1) the passed-around notebooks, 2) the Cordées structuration, with an increase and then decrease in participants, 3) the Cordées' social composition transformation, with the inclusion of able-bodied people and family caregivers, and 4) today's Cordées, with the switch to digital technology, thematic diversification, and a significant decrease in participants.Cet article vise à expliquer l’histoire des Cordées – type d’échanges épistolaires entre personnes en grande dépendance pour les actes de la vie quotidienne – impulsées et structurées au sein de l’APF France Handicap à partir de 1932 et ayant encore cours aujourd’hui. Le matériau analysé est composé de lettres et d’interviews de cordistes, d’articles issus de la revue Faire Face et de la newsletter l’Edelweiss. Ces données ont permis de remonter aux origines des Cordées et de proposer une présentation en quatre étapes de leur évolution: le recours aux cahiers circulants, la structuration des cordées en parallèle d’une croissance puis d’une décroissance du nombre de cordistes, la transformation de la composition sociale des cordées avec l’ouverture aux personnes valides et proches aidants, et, enfin les cordées d’aujourd’hui avec le passage au numérique, une diversification thématique et une décroissance importante du nombre de cordistes
Diagnóstico participativo do sistema socioecológico da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Marapanim, no Pará
No full textInternational audienceThe objective of this article is to produce a participative diagnosis of the socio-ecological system of theMarapanim River Basin (BHRM), based on the analysis of the implementation of water resources management by a river basin committee in the Amazon of Pará and the creation and performance of the Marapanim RiverBasin Committee (CBHRM). The analysis was guided by the interdisciplinary epistemological approach, withtheoretical support from the commons, socio-ecological systems (SES) and the concept of Integrated WaterResources Management (IWRM). The methodological procedures of the case study and content analysiswere used, with the aid of IRAMUTEQ. The results demonstrated the emergence of 6 classes of words, whichwere grouped into four categories: ecological, symbolizing the Marapanim River basin; actors, relating tothe interests of the public authorities, water users and civil entities; governance system, represented bythe creation of the CBHRM; and interactions and results, which demonstrated the performance of CBHRMas a new institution of participation in water management. The diagnosis demonstrated that the collectiveconstruction of BHRM as a socio-ecological system involves the sharing of common thinking about the needsof water resources management, aiming at local development. It was concluded that the social actors of theBHRM self-organized with the interest of favoring the creation of the CBHRM, which has limited decision-making power, reduced scope, results restricted to institutional formalization, the need to mature theunderstanding of its competencies and expand its knowledge about the variables of the socio- ecologicalsystem of the BHRM, involving public actors.O objetivo do artigo é produzir um diagnóstico participativo do sistema socioecológico da Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Marapanim (BHRM), a partir da análise da implementação da gestão de recursos hídricos por comitê de bacia hidrográfica na Amazônia paraense e a criação e atuação do Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Marapanim (CBHRM). A análise foi orientada pela abordagem epistemológica interdisciplinar, com aporte teórico dos comuns, dos sistemas socioecológicos (SES) e do conceito de Gestão Integrada de Recursos Hídricos (GIRH). Utilizou-se os procedimentos metodológicos do estudo de caso e da análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do IRAMUTEQ. Os resultados demonstraram a emergência de 6 classes de palavras, que foram agrupadas em quatro categorias: ecológica, simbolizando a bacia do rio Marapanim; atores, relacionando-se aos interesses do poder público, usuários de água e entidades civis; sistema de governança, representado pela criação do CBHRM; e interações e resultados, que demonstrou a atuação do CBHRM como uma nova instituição de participação na gestão da água. O diagnóstico demonstrou que a construção coletiva da BHRM como um sistema socioecológico perpassa pelo compartilhamento do pensamento comum acerca das necessidades de gestão de recursos hídricos, visando o desenvolvimento local. Concluiu-se que os atores sociais da BHRM se auto-organizaram com o interesse de favorecer a criação do CBHRM, o qual apresenta limitado poder decisório, abrangência reduzida, resultados restritos à formalização institucional, necessidade de amadurecer o entendimento de suas competências e ampliar o seu conhecimento sobre as variáveis do sistema socioecológico da BHRM, envolvendo os atores públicos