Portail HAL UA (Université d'Angers)
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Exploring social acceptability of energy sufficiency policies
No full textInternational audienceEnergy sufficiency is increasingly recognized as a crucial component in achieving carbon neutrality and reducing human pressure on natural ecosystems. France has incorporated sufficiency as a key pillar of its energy transition, aiming for a 50% reduction in final energy consumption by 2050. While there is growing interest in sufficiency policies, it remains unclear whether there is social acceptance of the proposed measures. This paper employs an exploratory study and Q-method analysis to investigate the acceptability of sufficiency policies. Three distinct sufficiency strategies are identified: monitored sufficiency, symbiotic sufficiency and governed sufficiency. This study demonstrates that the level of acceptability is dependent on a number of individual parameters, including the level of maturity with regard to sufficiency practices, or personal values. Moreover, while policies based on governed sufficiency are more widely accepted, radical measures associated with symbiotic sufficiency appear to face greater resistance. These results offer valuable insights for policymakers seeking to balance political ambition with public acceptance in sufficiency strategies
Evaluating the impact of view position in X-ray imaging for the classification of lung diseases
No full textInternational audienceClinical information associated with chest X-ray images, such as view position, patient age and gender, plays a crucial role in image interpretation, as it influences the visibility of anatomical structures and pathologies. However, most classification models using the ChestX-ray14 dataset relied solely on image data, disregarding the impact of these clinical variables. This study aims to investigate which clinical variable affects image characteristics and assess its impact on classification performance. To explore the relationships between clinical variables and image characteristics, unsupervised clustering was applied to group images based on their similarities. Afterwards, a statistical analysis was then conducted on each cluster to examine their clinical composition, by analyzing the distribution of age, gender, and view position. An attention-based CNN model was developed separately for each value of the clinical variable with the greatest influence on image characteristics to assess its impact on lung disease classification. The analysis identified view position as the most influential variable affecting image characteristics. Accounting for this, the proposed approach achieved a weighted area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8176 for pneumonia classification, surpassing the base model (without considering view position) by 1.65% and outperforming previous studies by 6.76%. Furthermore, it demonstrated improved performance across all 14 diseases in the ChestX-ray14 dataset. The findings highlight the importance of considering view position when developing classification models for chest X-ray analysis. Accounting for this characteristic allows for more precise disease identification, demonstrating potential for broader clinical application in lung disease evaluation
Translation, validity, and reliability of the Arabic-language version of the 11-item Neglect and Abuse Scale (NAS) in community older adults
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: To validate the 11-item Neglect and Abuse Scale (NAS) in Arabic and establish its psychometric robustness within a sample of community older adult.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 539 Arabic-speaking older adults from Egypt. The total sample was divided randomly into two subsamples (1/3 for the EFA and 2/3 for the CFA).Results: The initial analysis of the unidimensional structure indicated poor fit. Consequently, an EFA using oblimin rotation was conducted, which revealed a clear two-factor structure, explaining 54% of the variance. The first factor captured neglect-related experiences (e.g. being deceived, neglected, or denied rights), while the second factor reflected more overt forms of abuse (e.g. physical or verbal assault, betrayal, sexual harassment). A CFA, conducted on the solution obtained in the EFA, demonstrated acceptable fit. Reliability assessments indicated a commendable level of internal consistency. Sex invariance results showed no significant differences between male and female participants in the measurement characteristics. Concurrent validity analysis indicated a moderate negative correlation between the NAS scores and resilience and quality of life scores.Conclusion: This research provides a reliable and valid instrument for identifying and assessing elder neglect and abuse among Arabic-speaking communities, thereby supporting effective prevention and intervention strategies
Abdelaati Daouia and Gilles Stupfler’s contribution to the Discussion of the ‘Discussion Meeting on the Analysis of citizen science data’
No full textNational audienceAbdelaati Daouia and Gilles Stupfler’s contribution to the Discussion of the ‘Discussion Meeting on the Analysis of citizen science data’
No evidence of an effect of the M184I/V on the doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir switch efficacy in people living with HIV
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: The effect of the M184I/V mutation on the rate of virological failure (VF) in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) with plasma HIV RNA viral load (VL) <50 copies/mL switching to a triple-therapy regimen of doravirine+lamivudine+ tenofovir or abacavir has not been evaluated. Design: A retrospective national study of antiretroviral-experienced PLWHIV who were switched to a doravirine plus lamivudine and abacavir or tenofovir regimen in the context of maintenance (VL<50 copies/mL) was conducted. Virological failure (VF) was characterized by either two consecutive plasma viral loads (VL) ≥ 50 copies/mL or a single VL ≥ 200 copies/mL. Viral blip (VB) was defined as an isolated VL 50_200 copies/mL at any time up to month 6 after switching to the doravirine-containing regimen. Results: Among the 338 PLWHIV, doravirine was mainly associated with tenofovir+lamivudine (311/338, 92.0%). Of these, 45 had a M184I/V mutation before switching. VF at M6 was 14.0% and 17.8% in the absence and presence of M184I/V, respectively, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.409, 95%CI 0.574–10.113, p=0.21. The risk of VF at M6 was associated with the level of zenith plasma HIV VL, with an aOR of 1.646, 95% CI 1.163–2.328, p = 0.0049, per additional log 10 unit. The proportion of VB at M6 was 2.4% and 6.7% in PLWHIV in the absence and presence of M184I/V, respectively, with an aOR of 0.818, 95%CI 0.187–3.587, p = 0.7897. Conclusions: Among PLWHIV with antiretroviral experience, there was no evidence that switching to doravirine + lamivudine plus tenofovir affected short-term treatment response in individuals harboring HIV M184I/V mutations
Angers : première ville de France dans les classements où il fait bon apparaître
No full textAtlas social d'Angers« Reconnue régulièrement Ville la plus verte de France, Angers s’appuie sur un patrimoine paysager unique : une densité d’espaces de nature deux fois plus importante que la moyenne nationale, un investissement continu pour la création et l’entretien zéro phyto des espaces verts ». Extrait de la page Internet de Destination Angers. Comment faut-il lire ces palmarès souvent très à l’avantage de la cité du Roi René ? Dans un ouvrage stimulant sur l’idée de « qualité » et les démarches de labellisation/quantification dont elle est l’objet, un essayiste remet en cause la capacité des indicateurs à quantifier les qualités et argumente de la nécessité de les « libérer » des normes standardisées (Chabot)
Consequences of modelling procedures on detecting environmental effects on species distribution from camera-trap data: implications for wildlife conservation
No full textInternational audienceCamera traps have revolutionised wildlife monitoring. However, no consensus method exists for analysing these data. We investigated how modelling procedures affect the detection of environmental effects, and quantified how this affected species distribution maps, which are essential tools for conservation planning. We used the tapeti Sylvilagus brasiliensis, monitored using camera traps in a Brazilian indigenous reserve. We first compared the ability of two commonly used modelling procedures (occurrence-vs abundance-based models, controlling or not for imperfect detection, using or not time-to-independence thresholds) to detect species responses to environmental variables. We then compared the species distribution predicted from each modelling procedure. Abundance models detected additional effects compared with occurrence models. Occurrence models detected the same environmental effects whether or not they accounted for imperfect detection. In contrast, abundance models were sensitive to imperfect detection. N-mixture models that controlled for detection provided consistent results in terms of the nature, sign, and magnitude of effects, whether no time-toindependence threshold, 30-min or 60-min thresholds were applied. Ignoring imperfect detection should not be an option for analysing camera-trap data of unmarked individuals. Hierarchical modelling, allowing detection and ecological processes to be modelled separately, should be preferred. We advocate for developing guidelines for analysing camera-trap data.</div
Laser capture proteomics reveals new candidates for sperm-interacting proteins in the bovine oviduct epithelium
No full textInternational audienceIn brief : The molecular interactions between spermatozoa and the oviduct epithelium that are involved in capacitation and sperm availability during fertilization still remain largely unknown in many species. This study provides comprehensive proteomes of the apical and basal part of the bovine oviduct epithelium (isthmus and ampulla, pre- and post-ovulatory) and presents new protein candidates for sperm binding in the bovine functional sperm reservoir. Abstract : The proximal region of the oviduct (isthmus) serves as a sperm reservoir in many mammalian species. This reservoir is composed of epithelial cells that bind sperm primarily to their apical cilia and ensure the survival of high-quality sperm until ovulation. The species-specific molecular interactions between spermatozoa and the oviduct epithelium, however, are still poorly understood. The aim of this study is to identify new candidates for sperm-interacting proteins in the bovine reservoir using laser capture proteomics. Ipsilateral oviducts were collected from cyclic cows at pre- and post-ovulatory stages. Isthmus and ampulla tissue samples were fixed, paraffin-embedded, sectioned and subjected to laser microdissection to establish pools of microsamples separating the apical part of the epithelium, containing potential sperm-interacting proteins, from the basal part, containing proteins not currently located or secreted on the cell surface. Proteins were analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS, and differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified using t-tests. A total of 505 and 512 proteins could be identified in apical and basal microsamples, respectively. Only 8/141 regional and 1/79 cycle stage-related DAPs were shared between both epithelium parts, indicating a selective regulation of protein expression. Of the apical proteins, 19 were predicted to be candidates for sperm interactions, including annexins (ANXA) 1, 2, 5 and 8; oviduct glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1); voltage-dependent anion-selective channel proteins (VDAC) 1 and 2; apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1). This work provides the first proteomic characterization of microdissected cellular compartments of the bovine oviduct epithelium and presents new candidates for improving sperm quality in assisted reproductive technologies
