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‘“Love, liberty, and loyalty”: unearthing the Defenders’ popular project for the ‘Republic of the United States of France and Ireland’ (1795–6)
No full textInternational audienceWhen Theobald Wolfe Tone arrived in France in February 1796, intent on securing French help to win Irish independence from England and to establish a republic in Ireland, his greatest challenge was not to convince the Directory to launch an expedition to Ireland, but in persuading them that the Irish were mature enough to become republicans and were not mere Chouans. Was Tone deluded and did he embellish the revolutionary potential of the Irish, especially the secret society of the Defenders, as the dominant (revisionist) historiography claims? A close look at the available sources, and a new reading against the grain, or under a ‘satanic light’, of the available sources, allows us to better delineate what could have been an Irish republic or, at least, to situate the Defenders within an Atlantic context of popular politicisation – the ‘Atlantic Republic’
Photoresponsive Helical Foldamers: Conformational Control through Double Helix Formation and Light‐Induced Protonation
No full textInternational audienceHelical foldamers constitute particularly relevant targets in the field of host‐guest chemistry, be that as hosts or substrates. In this context, the strategies reported so far to control the dimensions and shape of foldamers mainly involve modifications of the skeleton through covalent synthesis. Herein, we prepared an oligopyridine dicarboxamide foldamer substituted by photo‐active tetraphenylethylenes (TPE). We demonstrate that it is possible to toggle the length of a helical foldamer by two means. First, the elongation of foldamers can be tuned by adjusting the concentration, as demonstrated by DOSY NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses on both the single and the double helix structures. Secondly, and in a more original manner, a photo‐induced protonation process triggered by TPE units promotes a novel pathway to unfold helical foldamers, leading to dramatic conformational and spectroscopic changes
Le boxeur rêve… Quand Isaac Israëls ne peignait pas Siki et que l’historien se leurrait
No full textInternational audienc
Le site de Bialé (Saint-Justin, Landes) et son territoire. Rapport final d'opération
No full textL’opération 2024 sur le site de Bialé a comporté une étude géoarchéologique, des opérations de sondage au niveau du système fossé-rempart ainsi que des études spécialisées portant sur la place du site dans son territoire, notamment une étude archéogéographique et une étude de l’occupation du sol locale. Les modifications anthropiques de l’éperon sont massives, et se concentrent notamment sur l’aménagement du cours de l’Arouille ainsi que sur sa partie sud-est, barrée par un puissant système fossé-rempart. Les sondages ont permis de reconnaître, sous les niveaux d’apports de sédiments pour la construction du rempart taluté nord, une structure de chauffe antérieure, datée du haut Moyen Âge. Les niveaux de construction du talus sud ont également pu être abordés sans livrer pour le moment d’élément datant. La stratigraphie du comblement du fossé a été étudiée par le biais de sondages mécaniques et de carottages à la tarière manuelle ; ils révèlent une stratification d’une profondeur maximale de plus de quatre mètres, en deux phases principales séparées par un recreusement localisé au pied du talus nord. Le mobilier mis au jour est daté de la Protohistoire à l’époque contemporaine, permettant de supposer une occupation diachronique de l’éperon. Le site s’insère par ailleurs dans le réseau viaire à l’échelle locale et régionale, se connectant notamment à des voies de grand parcours anciennes, dans un contexte d’occupation continue d’une zone de limite écologique, entre l’Antiquité et le début de l’époque moderne
SLAMF6 enables efficient attachment, synapse formation, and killing of HIV-1-infected CD4 + T cells by virus-specific CD8 + T cells
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Efficient recognition and elimination of HIV-1-infected CD4 + T cells by cytotoxic CD8 + T cells (CTLs) require target cell engagement and the formation of a well-organized immunological synapse. Surface proteins belonging to the SLAM family are known to be crucial for stabilizing the immunological synapse and regulating antiviral responses during lymphotropic viral infections. In the context of HIV-1, there have been reports of SLAMF6 down-regulation in HIV-1-infected CD4 + T cells; however, the significance of this modulation for CTL function remains unclear. In this investigation, we used CTL lines from People living with HIV (PLWH) to examine the impact of SLAMF6 blockade on three pivotal processes: (1) the formation of CD8 + -CD4 + T-cell conjugates, (2) the establishment of the immunological synapse, and (3) the killing and cytokine production capacity of HIV-1-specific CTLs during HIV-1 infection. Our findings reveal that the inability to form CD8 + -CD4 + T-cell conjugates following incubation with an anti-SLAMF6 blocking antibody is primarily attributable to a defect in actin ring formation at the immunological synapse. Furthermore, SLAMF6 blockade leads to a reduction in the killing efficiency of HIV-1-infected CD4 + T cells by HIV-1-specific CTLs, underscoring the critical role of SLAMF6 in cytolytic function. This study highlights the importance of SLAMF6 receptors in modulating cytotoxic antiviral responses, shedding light on potential avenues for manipulation and enhancement of this pathway in the context of HIV and other lymphotropic viral infections
Note de jurisprudence : République démocratique du Congo, Tribunal militaire de garnison de Bukavu, 12 novembre 2019, Koko Di Koko, n°1448/19
No full texthttps://www.anr-vseg.org/documents-et-publications
Note de jurisprudence : République démocratique du Congo, Haute Cour Militaire, 26 juillet 2018, Kavumu II, sous RPA n°139/2018
No full texthttps://www.anr-vseg.org/documents-et-publications
Les identités portuaires, tours d’horizon
No full textInternational audienceJohn Barzman's contribution focuses on heritage, memory, social weight of port workers, with examples taken from Le Havre
Pediment formation and subsequent erosion in Gale crater: Clues to the climate history of Mars
No full textInternational audienceEvidence of paleo-rivers, fans, deltas, lakes, and channel networks across Mars has prompted much debate about what climate conditions would permit the formation of these surface water derived features. Pediments, gently sloping erosional surfaces of low relief developed in bedrock, have also been identified on Mars. On Earth, these erosional landforms, often thought to be created by overland flow and shallow channelized runoff, are typically capped by fluvial sediments, and thus in exceptionally arid regions, pediments are interpreted to record past wet periods. Here we document the Greenheugh pediment in Gale crater, exploiting the observational capability of the Curiosity rover. The absence of a fluvial cap suggests that the pediment was likely cut by wind erosion, not fluvial processes. The pediment was then buried by an aeolian deposit (Stimson sandstone) that mantled the lower footslopes of Aeolis Mons (informally known as Mt. Sharp). This burial terminated active wind erosion, preserving the pediment surface (as an angular unconformity). Groundwater was present prior-to, during, and shortly after Stimson deposition, perhaps contributing to lithification and certainly to early diagenesis. Post lithification, wind erosion first cut canyons in the northern most footslopes (north of Vera Rubin ridge). Unlithified gravels were deposited in these canyons, likely due to runoff from Mt. Sharp. Boulder-rich fluvial and debris flow deposits built a > 70 m thick sequence (Gediz Vallis ridge) on the southern Greenheugh pediment. Continued wind erosion left elevated patches of gravel on the northern footslopes, and exposure age dating shows that erosion essentially ceased before 1 Ga (but possibly much earlier). Erosion to the south led to emergence of Vera Rubin ridge, retreat of the Greenheugh pediment, and the formation of Glen Torridon valley. Hence, this footslope environment of Mt. Sharp records climate-driven periods of wind erosion, aeolian deposition (and groundwater activity), surface runoff and sediment deposition, followed by further significant wind erosion that declined to present very slow rates. This likely occurred during the late Hesperian and possibly into the Amazonian