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Energy transition and polycentric governance: a geographical approach to the multiscalar diffusion of energy communities.: The case of energy communities in Western France
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Pratique familiale du provençal, une langue « régionale », en Bretagne.: Entretien auprès de Philippe Blanchet
No full textInternational audienceDans ce court texte, Philippe Blanchet, éminent sociolinguiste, romancier et poète, relate comment il a maintenu et transmis le provençal tout en vivant en Bretagne
Effects of pregnancy exposure to air pollution and surrounding residential greenness on childhood asthma, rhinitis, eczema, and their comorbidity : findings from the French mother-child cohort Pélagie
No full textThis thesis explored the associations between air pollution and surrounding greenness during pregnancy and the prevalence from childhood asthma, rhinitis, eczema, and their multimorbidity. Data from the 6-year (n=1325) and 12-year (n=1119) follow-ups of the Pélagie mother-child cohort in Brittany, France, were analyzed. Ever asthma, rhinitis, eczema, and a multimorbidity phenotype were defined using validated questionnaires. Exposures were estimated during pregnancy at each participant’s residential address: PM2.5 and NO2 using land use regression, and surrounding greenness using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within a 300m buffer. Adjusted logistic regressions, with further stratification by urban and rural areas were performed. At 6 and 12 years, prevalence of asthma, rhinitis, eczema, and the multimorbidity were around 12%, 23%, 22%, and 11% respectively, and 60% of mothers lived in rural areas during pregnancy. In non-stratified analyses, despite the lack of statistically significant associations between PM2.5 and NO2 and our outcomes, tendencies for asthma, eczema, and the multimorbidity phenotype were observed. Overall, residential NDVI within 300m during pregnancy did not show significant associations at either follow-up, with the exception of eczema and the single-disease category of the multimorbidity phenotype at 6 years, for which it showed protective associations. These findings highlight the need for further research, particularly in rural populations, to clarify the relationship between residential air pollution and greenness during pregnancy, and childhood respiratory health and allergies.Cette thèse a étudié les associations de l’exposition à la pollution atmosphérique et les espaces verts pendant la grossesse avec la prévalence de l'asthme, de la rhinite, de l'eczéma et leur multimorbidité chez les enfants. Des données des suivis à 6 (n=1325) et à 12 ans (n=1119) de la cohorte bretonne mère-enfant Pélagie, ont été analysées. L'asthme, la rhinite, l'eczéma et un phénotype de multimorbidité ont été définis à l'aide de questionnaires validés. Les expositions pendant la grossesse ont été estimées à l'adresse résidentielle de chaque participant : les concentrations de PM2,5 et de NO2 à l'aide de modèles land use regression, et les espaces verts à l'aide de l'indice de végétation par différence normalisée (NDVI) dans un rayon de 300m. Des régressions logistiques ajustées, avec une stratification supplémentaire selon les zones urbaines et rurales, ont été réalisées. À 6 et 12 ans, la prévalence de l'asthme, de la rhinite, de l'eczéma et de la multimorbidité était respectivement d'environ 12 %, 23 %, 22 % et 11 %, et 60 % des mères vivaient en zones rurales pendant leur grossesse. Globalement, dans les analyses non stratifiées, nous n’avons pas observé des associations significatives entre le PM2,5 et de NO2 et les maladies d’intérêt. Cependant, des tendances pour l'asthme, l'eczéma et le phénotype de multimorbidité ont été observées. De même, le NDVI n'a pas montré d'associations significatives lors des deux suivis, à l'exception de l'eczéma et de la catégorie des enfants atteints d’une seule maladie à 6 ans, pour lesquels des associations protectrices ont été observées. Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité de recherches supplémentaires, en particulier au sein des populations rurales, afin de clarifier la relation de la pollution atmosphérique et les espaces verts pendant la grossesse, avec la santé respiratoire et les allergies chez l'enfant
Burden of mycetoma in Burkina Faso: case series and systematic review
No full textInternational audienceMycetoma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive and devastating granulomatous subcutaneous tissue involvement. It primarily occurs in regions classified within the ‘mycetoma belt’, encompassing various countries. Notably, West African nations, including Burkina Faso (BF), are situated within this belt, yet there is a significant lack of data regarding mycetoma in these regions. With this background, this study set out to determine the mycetoma prevalence in BF. A comprehensive review was conducted to document the presence of mycetoma in BF. Searches were performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, African Journals Online (AJOL) and Google Scholar databases. Data were reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Additionally, the study encompassed a case series involving three patients. From 1960 to 2024, 25 mycetoma cases have been documented in BF. Overall, the clinical cases share similar sociodemographic, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and outcome characteristics. Specifically, these cases illustrate that mycetoma predominantly affects vulnerable groups in BF. The majority of mycetoma cases (96%) were reported in the Sahelian zone of BF. Predominantly, these cases (80%) had foot mycetoma. This study highlights the challenges of mycetoma management in BF, indicating significant obstacles in early diagnosis and effective treatment
Multispectral Observations of Float Rocks Used to Investigate the Origin of Boulders on the Western Jezero Fan Front, Mars
No full textInternational audienceIn Jezero crater, Mars, the Perseverance rover has explored the western fan and encountered loose pieces of rock separated from outcrops or “float” rocks. Comparing float rocks to in‐place outcrops can provide key insights into the crater's erosional history and the diversity of units in the Jezero watershed that Perseverance cannot visit in situ. Here, we used multispectral observations from Perseverance's Mastcam‐Z instrument to investigate the lithology and origin of float rocks found on the western Jezero fan front (sols 415–707). We identified four textural classes of float rocks (conglomerates, layered, massive, and light‐toned) and investigated their physical characteristics, spectral properties, and distribution to interpret their source and mode of transport. Likely derived from local sedimentary fan outcrops, conglomerate and layered float rocks are highly spectrally variable and altered with differing ferric and ferrous signatures. Massive float rocks are the least altered with ferrous signatures and likely derived from local outcrop sources or more distal sources (∼50–250 km) in the Jezero watershed. Massive float rocks separate into two subclasses: massive olivine and massive pyroxene, which are likely derived from the regional olivine‐carbonate‐bearing watershed unit and the crustal Noachian basement unit, respectively. The unique light‐toned float rocks have variable hydration and low Fe‐abundance, but there is no local outcrop equivalent of these rocks on the crater floor or fan front, suggesting transport into the basin from a source region outside Jezero. Perseverance found no meteorites at the western fan, implying that fan sediments may be in the youngest ages estimated from crater counts (Hesperian)
Developing employees' sustainable commitment in SMEs: an organizational context
No full textInternational audienceSmall and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) play a pivotal role in driving economic growth, innovation, and employment worldwide. We are witnessing an acceleration in the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, boosted by advances in artificial intelligence to remain competitive. In this context, the European commission supports this SMEs sustainable transformation (European Commission, 2017 1 ) with the aim to achieve a climate-neutral, resource-efficient, and agile digital economy. Indeed, as they have a snowballing contribution to economic growth, SMEs are widely recognized as significant catalysts for economic development (Raihan et al., 2023) and transitions. However, sustainable development in their activity is a real challenge for SMEs, especially considering that SMEs often face unique challenges, such as lack of awareness and commitment and appropriate skills. In this context, this paper explores how organizational context encourages employees to make sustainable development commitment, to promote SMEs sustainable transformation. This research fills a gap in literature by integrating the roles of digitalization and sustainability in the specific context of SMEs, offering valuable insights for both academic and practical application in management. The study aims to understand what influence employee sustainable commitment in the organizational context, identify potential barriers and facilitators to help SME managers to create a more sustainable working environment.</div
The RSL@Ω project: investigation on Martian Recurring Slope Lineae formation mechanisms in lab experiments
No full textInternational audienceThe Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL) are seasonal linear dark movements of dozens of meters (see Figure 1) that occur on steep slopes of Mars (> 30°). Since their first discovery in 2011 [1] using the very high resolution HiRISE camera on board Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO, NASA), there is debate about the nature of these movements. Firstly, studies suggest that the RSL are liquid water flows [1, 2] or brines [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. These hypotheses have been challenged by other studies showing: no detected water associated with RSL (detection threshold fixed a limit at 0.5-3% of the RSL mass) [9], the surface temperature of some RSL sites are below the water fusion point [10], no main detection of salts has been made, and the RSL geomorphology can also correspond to dry movements [11]. Secondly, some studies support the idea that RSL are dry movements which mobilise sand [12] and/or dust [13, 14, 15, 16, 17]. This hypothesis is now privileged by the community, and some formation mechanisms have been proposed: initiation by winds [13, 18], by dust devils, or by gas flux from the surface (Knudsen pump [10]). However, from orbital data, it is complex to verify if the proposed mechanism can explain the RSL for different RSL sites (large diversity of RSL) and also to know which is the main-transported material (dust, sand), as the quantity of matter transported (e.g., which can be very small [18]). From this conclusion, we suggest that one way to better understand the RSL formation mechanisms is to develop lab experiments to better understand what happens precisely in these movements
Pain Intensity after Robotic-assisted Urological Surgery: the PAIROU study An International Prospective Cohort Study
No full textInternational audienceObjective: Despite improvements in perioperative pain management protocols, severe postoperative pain is still a burden for many patients. To improve the prevention and treatment of postoperative pain, it must be accurately assessed for each procedure type. However, there is little data available assessing the pain levels after robot-assisted urological surgeries. This cohort study aimed to estimate the pain scores that can be expected after various types of robotic-assisted urologic procedures.Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, observational trial in 44 centers in Europe that included patients scheduled for robotic-assisted urological surgery. The primary outcome was pain scores on the first day after surgery assessed using the numeric rating scale (NRS). Secondary outcomes included pain score on the second day after surgery, morphine equivalent consumption in mg 48 hours after the surgery, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and surgical complications.Results: A total of 965 patients were recruited between November 2022 and June 2023. Median pain score on postoperative day 1 was 2 at rest (IQR, 0-4) (n = 963) and 3 with movement (IQR, 1-5) (n = 921). Morphine equivalent consumption 48 hours after the surgery was 4 mg (IQR 0-20 mg). PONV was experienced by 16 % of the patients (153/963).Conclusion: This large cohort study demonstrates that patients experience low pain scores and require low opioids after robotic-assisted urological surgery when commonly used multimodal analgesia protocols are administered.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov No. NCT05575284
Utilisation des vésicules extracellulaires comme biomarqueurs pronostiques de la réponse au traitement dans le cancer de la prostate
No full textInternational audienceUtilisation des vésicules extracellulaires comme biomarqueurs pronostiques de la réponse au traitement dans le cancer de la prostat