Portail HAL UA (Université d'Angers)
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Approche systémique en matière de Droit syndical ?
No full textInternational audienceUn salarié ne peut par avance renoncer au droit d’être désigné délégué syndical par priorité qu’il tient des dispositions d’ordre public de l’article L. 2143-3 du Code du travail lorsqu’il a obtenu un score électoral d’au moins 10 %. Les renonciations manifestées dans l’espèce de l’arrêt commenté par la totalité des candidatsd’un syndicat à ce droit avant même le premier tour des élections– et sans qu’aucun d’entre eux n’ait confirmé cette renonciation après le premier tour– ne sont donc pas valables, de sorte que les désignations litigieuses intervenues doivent être annuléesOutre qu’il confirme la jurisprudence antérieure sur le sujet, cet arrêt condamne indirectement une pratique semble-t-il habituelle dans l’entreprise en question en vertu de laquelle les candidats d’un syndicat renonçaient par avance à ce droit d’être prioritairement désignés en qualité de délégués syndicaux afin de garantir à ce même syndicat un plus grand nombre de représentants (désignés et élus) dans l’entreprise
Patrimoines littoraux dans l’Anthropocène : communautés patrimoniales de perte et/ou de soutien au rewilding
No full textInternational audienc
Dynamic of woody plant encroachment (WPE) in an anthropized wetland since the 1950s: origins and effects
No full textInternational audienceNumerous studies worldwide have reported an increase in woody vegetation in wetland systems. Quantifying and spatialising this phenomenon is essential for the conservation of these environments. In this study, we propose a spatialisation of the extent and rates of colonisation by woody vegetation in the Natura 2000 sector « Grande Brière, Marais de Donges et du Brivet », a French wetland of major importance. The two species studied that are expanding most are ash willow (Salix cinerea) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur). Woodland dynamics were reconstructed using aerial archives from 1950 to 2022. We applied photointerpretation and classification methods using LiDAR data thresholding. The recent expansion of afforestation is linked to hydraulic developments and the decline in traditional activities. The potential consequences of the spread of these plant formations are discussed
Cittaslow turques : un récit territorial alternatif aux métropoles
No full textInternational audiencePlusieurs villes turques ont rejoint le réseau international Cittaslow des « villes du bien vivre » (Sakin șehir en turc). Benoit Montabone montre que cette labellisation véhicule des valeurs en rupture avec le régime métropolitain dominant en Turquie
Is Survival Impacted by One or Several Successive Cancers After Liver Transplantation? A French National Study
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND AND AIM: De novo cancers after liver transplantation (LT) are major causes of complications and mortality after LT. No report was found in the literature on several successive cancers (SSC). The aim of this study was to see if the survival of one or more cancers was different and to study the survival prognostic factors of patients with one cancer or SSC after LT. METHODS: Using data from the French national database, 114 French patients who underwent LT between 1993 and 2012 were followed up until their death or until June 2016. The Cox model performed to analyze potential risk factors (cancer characteristics, immunosuppressive therapy (IT), smoking, and alcohol use). RESULTS: After an average follow-up of 9.8 ± 5.1 years, 52 patients developed 1 cancer, 49 had 2 cancers, and 13 had 3 cancers. The reduction in survival time was significantly and independently associated with the metastatic stage (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.98, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = [1.45-10.93], p < 0.001), ENT (otolaryngology), and respiratory cancer versus genitourinary (HR = 8.28, 95% CI = [3.12-22.02], p < 0.001), and SSC (HR = 2.54, 95% CI = [1.39-4.65], p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: The patients with ENT, respiratory cancers have a shorter survival. The stage of cancer and SSC reduces median survival at 10 years. The earliness of the first cancer should be taken as a warning signal of risk of SSC and impaired survival
A Systematic Review of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Deep Learning Models for the Automatic Detection, Localization, and Characterization of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
No full textInternational audienceBackground and objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a critical role in prostate cancer diagnosis, but is limited by variability in interpretation and diagnostic accuracy. This systematic review evaluates the current state of deep learning (DL) models in enhancing the automatic detection, localization, and characterization of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) on MRI.Methods: A systematic search was conducted across Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect for studies published between January 2020 and September 2023. Studies were included if these presented and validated fully automated DL models for csPCa detection on MRI, with pathology confirmation. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool and the Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging.Key findings and limitations: Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, showing promising results in detecting and characterizing csPCa. However, significant heterogeneity in study designs, validation strategies, and datasets complicates direct comparisons. Only one-third of studies performed external validation, highlighting a critical gap in generalizability. The reliance on internal validation limits a broader application of these findings, and the lack of standardized methodologies hinders the integration of DL models into clinical practice.Conclusions and clinical implications: DL models demonstrate significant potential in improving prostate cancer diagnostics on MRI. However, challenges in validation, generalizability, and clinical implementation must be addressed. Future research should focus on standardizing methodologies, ensuring external validation and conducting prospective clinical trials to facilitate the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in routine clinical settings. These findings support the cautious integration of AI into clinical practice, with further studies needed to confirm their efficacy in diverse clinical environments.Patient summary: In this study, we reviewed how artificial intelligence (AI) models can help doctors better detect and understand aggressive prostate cancer using magnetic resonance imaging scans. We found that while these AI tools show promise, these tools need more testing and validation in different hospitals before these can be used widely in patient care
Evaluation of the LDBio ICT IgG/IgM lateral flow assay versus the Bordier Elisa assay for the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in Nigeria
No full textInternational audienceThe detection of anti-Aspergillus antibodies is key for diagnosing chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). Available techniques are limited and pose a considerable challenge in resource-limited settings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the point-of-care test LDBio ICT IgG/IgM lateral flow assay (LDBio) versus that of the Bordier Elisa assay in a field study in Nigeria. Of the 97 serum samples tested in the CPA patient group, 71 tested positive by the LDBio assay with 69.4% sensitivity. In the non-CPA group, 286 of the 289 sera tested negative by the LDBio assay with 98.7% specificity. The Bordier test was positive for 97 of the 97 CPA serum samples tested, showing 100% sensitivity, significantly different from the LDBio test in detecting Aspergillus antibodies (P < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in the specificity between the two tests (P = 0.617). The results were in agreement for 353 of the 386 samples tested (91.5%), with a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.75, indicating substantial agreement between the LDBio and Bordier test results. The LDBio lateral flow assay (LFA) test is a simple and rapid point-of-care test that can be used in field studies in which the Elisa test is not available. The lower sensitivity of the LDBio LFA in our field study could have been due to A. fumigatus being the species involved in only 50%-60% of cases in Nigeria, with A. flavus being more frequent than in Northern countries.IMPORTANCEAvailable techniques for the detection of Aspergillus IgG are limited and pose a considerable challenge in resource-limited settings in terms of affordability, skilled personnel, equipment, and a regular power supply. A point-of-care test would address most of these challenges. The LDBio lateral flow assay (LFA) test is a simple and rapid point-of-care test that can be used in field studies in which the Elisa test is not available. When combined with clinical features, the LFA can be used as a screening tool for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in settings such as ours; however, a lower sensitivity was observed compared to the Elisa
Identifier le contrôle coercitif et les conséquences psychosomatiques dans les violences conjugales : une analyse qualitative du vécu de quatre femmes suivies dans une unité de prise en charge du psychotraumatisme
No full textInternational audienceAbstractCoercive control refers to a set of behaviors used by an individual to dominate, intimidate, or manipulate another person through various methods such as isolation, threats, surveillance, and deprivation of needs. This complex phenomenon, popularized by Stark (2007), has been the subject of studies for several decades (Dutton & Goodman, 2005; French et al., 1959; Okun, 1986). If coercive control is not detected or if it is identified too late, the insufficiently protected victim will then suffer physical and psychological health consequences. The repetition and cumulative effect of violence worsen over time, hindering victims in the judicial processing of the violence they have experienced.ObjectiveThis study aims to provide a clinical illustration of coercive control and its somatopsychic consequences in women victims of intimate partner violence perpetrated by their partner. We conducted a qualitative analysis of clinical interviews from four psychological follow-ups representing women victims of intimate partner violence followed within a psycho-trauma unit in the Ile-de-France region.ResultsThe synthetic restitution of the clinical vignettes presented highlights the establishment of coercive control early in the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim, with a range of behaviors triggering early micro-management of verbal and psychological violence, establishing a continuum from the beginning and evolving throughout the relationship, including after separation.ConclusionTraining professionals in identifying mechanisms of coercive control could enable early systematic screening in the medical-psycho-social-judicial sector and propose concrete preventive actions against intimate partner violence and femicides. It could also facilitate the dissemination in France of a coercive control screening scale, as suggested by the team (K. Wilson, 2022; K. D. Wilson & Fritz, 2023) in their work with which we wish to collaborate in France.IntroductionLe contrôle coercitif désigne un ensemble de comportements utilisés par un individu pour dominer, intimider ou manipuler une autre personne par le biais de différents procédés comme l'isolement, la menace, la surveillance et la privation des besoins. Ce phénomène complexe popularisée par Stark (2007) est l’objet d’études depuis plusieurs décennies (Dutton & Goodman, 2005; French et al., 1959; Okun, 1986). Si le contrôle coercitif n’est pas repéré ou s’il l’est trop tardivement, la victime insuffisamment protégée présentera alors des séquelles sur le plan de la santé physique et psychique. La répétition et l’effet cumulatif des violences vont s’aggraver avec le temps jusqu’à entraver les victimes dans le traitement judiciaire des violences subies. Objectif Cette étude vise à proposer une illustration clinique du contrôle coercitif et de ses conséquences somatopsychiques chez des femmes victimes de violences conjugales perpétrées par leur conjoint. Nous avons procédé à une analyse qualitative des entretiens cliniques de quatre suivis psychologiques représentatif de femmes victimes de violences conjugales suivies au sein d’une unité de psycho-traumatisme en Ile de France et Résultats La restitution synthétique des vignettes cliniques présentées met en évidence la mise en place d’un contrôle coercitif dès le début de la relation entre auteur et victime, avec un registre de comportements variés, qui va enclencher très tôt la mise en place de micro-gestion de comportements dans les violences verbales et psychologiques, en installant un continuum dès leur démarrage et évoluant tout au long de la relation y compris après la séparation. Conclusion La formation des professionnels à l’identification des mécanismes de contrôle coercitif pourrait permettre un dépistage systématique précoce auprès du secteur médico-psycho-socio-judiciaire et de proposer des actions préventives concrètes contre les violences conjugales et les féminicides. Elle pourrait permettre également la diffusion en France d’une échelle de repérage du contrôle coercitif comme l’a suggéré l’équipe (K. Wilson, 2022; K. D. Wilson & Fritz, 2023) dans leurs travaux auxquels nous souhaitons nous associer en France