HAL Collection UNC (Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie)
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Arctic sea-ice loss drives a strong regional atmospheric response over the North Pacific and North Atlantic on decadal scales
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Keystone active bacterial lineages associated with Penaeus stylirostris shrimp health across larvae stages
No full textThe Pacific blue shrimp, Penaeus stylirostris , reared in New Caledonia, is economically important for the territory. However, since 2005, this sector has been facing huge larval mortalities occurring at all larval stages in hatcheries and for which no causes have yet been found. Microbial dysbiosis of the larvae are suspected as factors leading to larval death. To test this hypothesis, we monitored daily the larval health based on their survival rate and developmental stage and explored the active microbiota of the larvae by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA sequence. Richness proxies exhibited lower values in the unhealthy (high mortality rate) larval microbiota compared to the healthy one, highlighting a loss of microbial diversity in the unhealthy larvae. Venn diagram comparisons displayed specific taxa associated with a given larval stage and health with several taxa being vertically transmitted among multiple larval stages of a same health status as shown in the core microbiota. Besides, at the zoea stage, when the mortalities started, three ASVs related to Tenacibaculum , Microscilla and Bernardetia were specific of the unhealthy zoea suggesting that the zoea stage is crucial for dysbiosis induction. It is therefore probably at this stage that dysbiosis of the microbiota could evolve into larval pathobiome and lead to larval death. Thus, identifying specific lineages related to dysbiosis, being specific or correlated to unhealthy larvae or to the pathobiome, and demonstrating their pathogenicity, could ultimately support larval rearing by enabling targeted responses to mitigate their impact
Sustainable Shrimp Feeding: Digestibility of Defatted Hermetia illucens Meal by In Vitro and In Vivo Methods
No full textInternational audienceThis study evaluated the digestibility of defatted black soldier fly larvae (BSFL, Hermetia illucens) meals as alternative protein sources to partially replace fish meal (FM) in blue shrimp (Penaeus stylirostris) diets. It also examined the relationship between in vivo and in vitro digestibility methods to support the development of a reliable in vitro approach. Two BSFL-based mixes were tested: one with a higher chitin content (H70), and the other with a lower chitin content and also presenting a more balanced essential amino acid profile (M70). Each replaced 60% of FM in experimental diets (H20 and M20, respectively) and were compared to a control diet containing no BSFL meal. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) were measured in vivo using chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ; 1%) as an inert marker. In vitro digestibility was assessed using the pH-stat method with shrimp hepatopancreas enzyme extracts. In vivo results showed that the M20 feed had significantly higher digestibility than the control (p <0.05), while no significant difference in protein ADC was observed among diets. In vitro results indicated that the H20 feed had lower digestibility than the control (p <0.05). The ranking of protein digestibility (Control ≥ M20 ≥ H20) was consistent between both methods. A satisfactory correlation was found between in vivo and in vitro protein digestibility (R 2 = 0.691), which improved substantially after adjusting the in vitro assay temperature to match in vivo conditions (R 2 = 0.864). These findings suggest that the pH-stat method is a promising tool for preliminary assessment of ingredient digestibility, more precisely protein digestibility, in shrimp diets. Moreover, industrial BSFL meal appears to be a viable protein source for replacing upto 60% of FM in shrimp feed formulations without compromising shrimp survival or digestibility
ClimBurst: A Novel Method to Detect Climatological Anomalies Over Time and Space
No full textInternational audienceDetecting abnormal climate events is crucial for understanding, predicting, and managing climate risks. However, most existing methods require prior knowledge about when and where to search for these events, limiting their effectiveness. In this study, we introduce ClimBurst, a new method to identify climate-related anomalies that does not require any prior information about their duration or spatial extent. We propose computing climate bursts to detect abnormal seasonal activity. The ClimBurst approach can detect anomalies at any time scale. The approach also compares anomalies at neighboring locations enabling the tracking of events across time and space. We apply our method on sea surface temperature data from the Mediterranean Sea between 1960 and 2021, where we detect particularly strong warm anomalies that can last from a few days to a few months over a few kilometers to hundreds, such as the 2015 marine heatwave. Our results reveal a noticeable increase in the frequency, magnitude and the spatial extent of these hot anomalies over time. Researchers and practitioners can use ClimBurst to detect and study climate anomalies, providing a basis for event attribution and long-term trend analysis
Spectral indices and classifications of multispectral images for vector risk mapping
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/615037/)International audienc
Remote sensing and spatial modelling. Applications to the surveillance and control of mosquito-borne diseases. General introduction
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/615036/)International audienc
"Where do you come from?" Reflexive Narratives of (un)Celebrated Trajectories and (b)Othered Identities
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How to Study a Deeply Divided Society from the Inside? The Case Study of New Caledonia in the Inclusive Peace Project
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How do you pronounce this in a local language? A digital tool for learning and disseminating the pronunciation of local languages
No full textInternational audienceEncountering written words and names in one of the almost 30 Kanak languages of New Caledonia is very common whether on road signs, in newspapers or in other media. It is challenge to know how to pronounce these words, especially since the grapheme-phoneme (letter-to-sound) correspondences differ – often drastically – from language to language.To help address this challenge, we are developing a web application called LaPasserelle.nc (“the gateway”), which is conceived and designed as a tool to help people in properly pronouncing words en langue (in local language) [Welby et al. 2023].For this talk, we will describe and give a demo of the web application. We will also offer a perspective on the use of semantic web (also called web of data) technologies and concepts, which are useful in terms of interoperability and knowledge dissemination [Tomaszuk and Hyland-Wood 2020].The main aim of this phonetizer is to provide an idea of how to pronounce a word written in Oceanic languages, especially Kanak languages. The user enter text in the input box. This input is processed by using a grapheme – phoneme correspondences, and a pronunciation is displayed as output in either: 1/ the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) or, since IPA is not widely understood, 2/ franétique (> français + phonétique), a pronunciation respelling based on French (the language shared by almost all Caledonians), enhanced with multimodal pedagogical tips. [Kartushina and Martin 2019].The user is “taken by the hand” thanks to a clear association between input and output. Each grapheme is visually connected to its pronunciation. When a phoneme is not used in the output language, a multimodal pedagogical tip explains how to use mouth and tong to properly pronounce what is written.Work is in progress to reference the grapheme-phoneme associations into a database designed with these modeled associations, which can be queried using standardized languages dedicated to the semantic web. An application programming interface (API) is under construction and can be interrogated by the web application as well as by other machines wishing to feed on or use the modeled knowledge for other purposes.The phonetization is based on the proposed writing systems of the Académie des Langues Kanak [ALK 2013, Sam 2009], as well as current research. A beta version of the phonetizer handles the Drehu and Paicî languages, and we plan to extend it to other languages spoken in New Caledonia, if the different communities so desire, including other Kanak languages, but also possibly Polynesian languages such as Wallisian, and Tahitian. The web of data database will be an asset for the dissemination and re-use of the knowledge acquired as a part of this project.For a neighboring Pacific country, Papua New Guinea, Kik et al. (2021) report that “ethnobiological knowledge is closely correlated with indigenous language skills” and that both are “declin[ing] precipitously” [Kik et al. 2021]. With that in mind, and fully aware that correlation does not imply causation, a broader goal of the LaPasserelle.nc project is to support and promote linguistic diversity in New Caledonia, by supporting language learning and the preservation and transmission of cultural knowledge more generally.Key words (max 5): phonetization, under-resourced languages, Kanak languages, New Caledonia, Oceania ReferencesAcadémie des Langues Kanak, “Propositions d’écriture du paicî”, 2013. Nouméa: ALK.Kartushina N., Clara. "Talker and acoustic variability in learning to produce nonnative sounds: Evidence from articulatory training", Language Learning, 2019, 69, 71–105.Kik A., Adamec M., Aikhenvald A. Y., Bajzekova J., Baro N., Bowern C., Colwell R. K., Drozd P., Duda P., Ibalim S., Jorge L. R., Mogina J., Ruli B., Sam K., Sarvasy H., Saulei S., Weiblen G. D., Zrzavy J., Novotny V. 2021. Language and ethnobiological skills decline precipitously in Papua New Guinea, the world's most linguistically diverse nation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2100096118. PMID: 34039709; PMCID: PMC8179190.Sam L. D. “Aqane cinyihanyi qene drehu; Propositions d’écriture de la langue drehu”, 2009. Nouméa: Académie des Langues Kanak.Tomaszuk D., Hyland-Wood D. "RDF 1.1: Knowledge Representation and Data Integration Language for the Web", Symmetry, 2020, 12, 84; doi:10.3390/sym12010084Welby P., Bigi B., Corral A., Wacalie F., Wattelez G. "A visit to the Cliffs of Jokin: A role for phonetizers in second language pronunciation and word learning, with an example from the under-resourced languages of New Caledonia", SIGUL (Special Interest Group on Under-resourced Languages), "2nd annual meeting of the Special Interest on Under-resourced Languages" (SIGUL session 2 : Resources, Pronunciation & Dialect), 2023
A new operational approach to multi-source landscape mapping based on radiometric information
No full textInternational audienceThis project aims to develop a methodological framework and operationalize a spatial processing chain to identify landscape units with the deployment of multi-source scales from remote sensing