HAL Collection UNC (Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie)
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Long-distance gene flow and contrasting population structures of reef-building corals and their algal symbionts inform adaptive potential across the Western Pacific
No full textAbstract The genetic diversity and connectivity of reef-building coral populations are key to their survival in warming oceans. Yet our understanding of corals’ demographic resilience and adaptive potential is complicated by cryptic species diversity, wide geographic distributions, and complex coral-algal symbioses. To address these challenges, we investigated genetic connectivity and diversity of the broadcast-spawning coral Acropora spathulata and its associated Symbiodiniaceae across 29 reefs spanning the Great Barrier Reef, the Coral Sea, and New Caledonia, using whole-genome sequencing of 1,088 colonies. We identified four genetically distinct coral populations that diverged between 0.27 and 0.65 million years ago, likely due to geographic isolation across thousands of kilometers. These populations maintained asymmetrical gene flow along major ocean currents despite demographic isolation, and sustained large local effective population sizes (∼2,900), supported by a high dispersal range of ∼100 km per generation. In contrast, their Symbiodiniaceae partners varied over finer spatial scales, with five distinct Cladocopium taxa distributed along latitudinal and cross-shore gradients, likely driven by local environmental conditions. These results suggest that high dispersal capacity and large local population size promote demographic resilience within reef systems, while environment-specific symbioses and long-distance gene flow across reef-systems support adaptation and evolutionary rescue
Mesures anthropométriques, réponses aux questionnaires et données de condition physique obtenues dans le cadre du projet scientifique : "Cultures et comportements alimentaires de la jeunesse dans les pays francophones du Pacifique au XXIème siècle : exemple de la Nouvelle-Calédonie" (version non anonymisée)
No full textRestricted deposit containing the non-anonymized dataset related to the scientific project: "Eating cultures and behaviors of young people in French-speaking Pacific countries in the 21st century: the example of New Caledonia", translation of "Cultures et comportements alimentaires de la jeunesse dans les pays francophones du Pacifique au XXIème siècle: exemple de la Nouvelle-Calédonie".Anthropometric measurements, questionnaires responses and fitness data related to the scientific project: "Cultures et comportements alimentaires de la jeunesse dans les pays francophones du Pacifique au XXIème siècle: exemple de la Nouvelle-Calédonie" [Eng: "Eating cultures and behaviors of young people in French-speaking Pacific countries in the 21st century: the example of New Caledonia"] (non-anonymized information) Measurements and responses provided by the participants envolved in the scientific project entitled "Cultures et comportements alimentaires de la jeunesse dans les pays francophones du Pacifique au XXIème siècle: exemple de la Nouvelle-Calédonie" [en: "Eating cultures and behaviors of young people in French-speaking Pacific countries in the 21st century: the example of New Caledonia"]. This non-anonymized dataset contains seven files, each containing the participants' information, measurements and answers: _ nonAnonymizedData_en_2025.xlsx: xlsx file with the participants' information, measurements and answers in English _ nonAnonymizedData_en_2025.csv: csv file with the participants' information, measurements and answers in English _ nonAnonymizedData_fr_2025.xlsx: xlsx file with the participants' information, measurements and answers in French _ nonAnonymizedData_fr_2025.csv: csv file with the participants' information, measurements and answers in French _ nonAnonymizedData_code_en_2025.xlsx: xlsx file with coded answers based on the English version file (i.e., nonAnonymizedData_en_2025.xlsx) _ nonAnonymizedData_code_en_2025.csv: csv file with coded answers based on the English version file (i.e., nonAnonymizedData_en_2025.xlsx) _ Food cultures_DataFileDescription_nonAnonymized.pdf: pdf file describing the content of the data files translated in English Participant characteristics: 10 to 17 years old students (n = 1062) in secondary school Year of the study: 2018 - 2019 Place of the study: New Caledonia The current dataset is non-anonymized; as such, it is closed. However, an anonymized version of this dataset is available on Zenodo: Wattelez, G., Frayon, S., Paufique, É., Le Roux, P.-Y., Nedjar-Guerre, A., Ponidja, S., Zongo, P., Serra-Mallol, C., Wacalie, F., Caillaud, C., & Galy, O. (2025). Anthropometric measurements, questionnaire responses and fitness data collected during the scientific project: "Eating cultures and behaviors of young people in French-speaking Pacific countries in the 21st century: the example of New Caledonia" (anonymized version) (2.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16828200
On ANOVA-type decompositions of functions with non-independent variables: sensitivity analysis
No full textANOVA decompositions are widely used in uncertainty quantication with interesting properties when the input variables are independent. In this paper, we propose the unique decomposition of complex, computational models evaluated at nonindependent variables, which inherits ANOVA properties. The proposed dependent ANOVA (DANOVA) relies on the minimal, symmetric compositions of models by dependency models. An algorithm is provided for selecting such compositions, and the DANOVA is then used for proposing new sensitivity indices that are interpretable in terms of the percentages of the output variance due to each input and interactions. The main and total indices are exactly the Shapley eects of Gaussian inputs using linear models, but dier from Shapley eects in general. Minimum variance and unbiased estimators of DANOVA components; estimators of such indices; and application to computational, auto-regressive models are provided.</div
Were the Romans the first to build a road network in Asia Minor? Roads and road networks in Asia Minor before the Roman conquest
No full textInternational audiencePrevious studies on communication routes in Asia Minor have largely focused on the Persian Royal Road described by Herodotus, while the Roman period has been extensively explored, particularly through the monumental work of David French in his ten-volume series Roman Roads and Milestones of Asia Minor, which catalogued numerous milestones and road networks discovered in Turkey.By contrast, no comprehensive study had been undertaken for the Hellenistic period, despite evidence of paved road networks uncovered in Latmos by A. Peschlow-Bindokat and in Lycia, within the territory of Kyaneai by Frank Kolb. Furthermore, the discovery of the Stadiasmus Patarensis—dating from the Claudian period—raises questions about Rome’s actual role in road construction in the region. While the Romans claimed to have built these roads, the evidence suggests that some networks predated their arrival. This paper aims to demonstrate that several road systems were already in place before Roman intervention. It intends to highlight the diversity of Hellenistic roads in Asia Minor, to analyze these networks at different scales, and to assess the extent of Rome’s actual involvement in their construction
Les connaissances et leur légitimité dans l'enseignement de l'histoire en contexte post colonial en Nouvelle-Calédonie et au Vanuatu.
No full textInternational audienc
Unfolding the Contributions of Small-Scale Fisheries to the Sustainable Development Goals
No full textInternational audienceThe effects of climate change are hindering the ability of the world to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by 2030. In particular, the success of SDG 2 (Zero hunger) is threatened by the impacts of climate change on global food production, leaving over 20% of the world's population at risk of food and nutrition insecurity. Fisheries, particularly small-scale fisheries (SSF), play a crucial role in future global food security. With the constant increase in demand for aquatic food products and its key role in nutrition in many coastal contexts, sustainable fishery production is essential to ensure healthy food while protecting the health and function of marine ecosystems. Despite its importance for livelihoods and nutrition for millions of people, SSFs remain poorly acknowledged in global policies. Social-ecological relationships in SSF are complex and poorly understood, making it difficult to formulate policies that could improve and preserve the contributions of SSF to sustainable development. Here, we developed an expert-based rapid appraisal framework to identify and characterize the contribution of SSF to SDGs. We implemented a flexible scoring system for data-limited situations, usable with natural resources users, managers, and scientists. Our structured approach is not limited to SDG 14 and target 14.b; rather, it provides insights into SSF's contributions to 11 other SDGs. This research discusses the findings from the application of the Rapid Appraisal framework to 60 SSF case studies in eight countries across Africa, Europe, and Latin America. Our findings indicate that SSF have consistent potential to advance certain SDGs and targets, especially targets 1.4, 12.3, 1.1, 8.5, and to a lesser extent targets 14.2, 14.1, and 16.7. SSFs impact on other targets are variable and dependent on local contexts, especially some targets of SDGs 5 (targets 5.5 and 5.A) and 8 (targets 8.7, 8.8, and 8.9). Our work reveals that unlocking SSFs potential to advance SDGs, requires understanding them not only from the marine resource perspective (SDG 14) but also from its social and economic components. Our study provides the first comprehensive approach for assessing the multiple contributions of SSFs to SDGs, allowing for a global assessment of SSF across diverse contexts, and analyzing key trends and variations in their contributions to the SDGs. As SSFs supply about 40% of the global fish catch and 90% of the employment in the capture fisheries sector, we argue that SSFs play a critical role in policies leading towards the SDGs
Food and forestry biomass, an alternative for the removal of hexavalent chromium under natural conditions
No full textInternational audienceOver the past decade, chromium pollution has garnered researchers’ attention due to its harmful effects on ecosystems and human health. In New Caledonia, open-cast nickel mining contributes to the release of metals into waterways, especially chromium, including its carcinogenic form, chromium VI (Cr(VI)). Chromium concentrations in watercourses can exceed the 50μg/L threshold the World Health Organization recommends for drinking water quality. Plant biomass can be considered as an ecological and low-cost solution for mitigating the ecotoxicological and sanitary risks associated with chromium enrichment in watercourses. The DECHRO project, funded by the Foundation of the University of New Caledonia aims to investigate the ability of biomasses to limit the Cr(VI) concentrations under physico-chemical conditions ofwatercourses. Various types of biomasses were tested, including three agricultural wastes (passion fruit peels, banana peels, and filtered coffee beans) and three forest biomasses (sawdust and bark from maritime pine and coconut fibers). Raw biomasses were characterized (pHz, FTIR, MEB, SEM) and then tested for 7 days in a solution whose pH, temperature and Cr(VI) initial concentration were parameterized (pH 7-8, T◦C =25◦C, 100μg/mL). Kinetics of Cr(VI) removal by biomasses were studied. Analyses combining ionic chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) provide a better understanding of the mechanism of chromium elimination in solution. Passion fruit peels and banana peels convert over 90% of Cr(VI), leading to the hypothesis of a direct Cr(VI) reduction mechanism into non-toxic Cr(III). Pine bark is a good candidate (85%), followed by maritime pine sawdust (35%) and coconut fibers (< 20%). These biomasses have been pre-treated to improve their ability to limit Cr(VI) in solution. SEM microscopy analysis revealed a general biomass structure particularly propitious to pollutant trapping. The molecular composition of each biomass plays a significant role towards Cr(VI). These results, obtained using ecological solutions under natural conditions, enable us to propose these plant biomasses as promising candidates for the implementation of biofilters to safely and sustainably trap toxic Cr(VI) in watercourse
Microbiota of host sea anemones and their associated anemonefish show contrasting responses to a bleaching event
No full textInternational audienceSea anemones form complex holobiont communities that include not only microorganisms (microbiota) but also metazoans, such as anemonefish. Previous studies have revealed the significant impacts of bleaching events on anemone microbiota and on anemonefish physiology. However, the impacts of bleaching on anemonefish microbiota remain understudied, despite the potential for microbial dysbiosis to favor the emergence of pathogens and opportunistic microbes which could be detrimental for anemonefish.As a consequence, we sampled microbiota in situ from healthy and bleached anemones (Radianthus magnifica) and their associated anemonefish (Amphiprion maohiensis) during the 2019 bleaching event in the lagoon of Mo’orea, French Polynesia. Metabarcoding was used to examine the diversity of Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial communities.Our results revealed significant differences in the assemblages of Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria between healthy and bleached anemones. Specifically, the alpha diversity of these microbial communities was higher in bleached anemones, suggesting microbial dysbiosis and an increase in opportunistic taxa. In contrast, no differences were observed in the bacterial assemblages of anemonefish associated with healthy and bleached anemones. Despite this lack of correlation between anemonefish microbiota and anemone bleaching status, we found that anemonefish living within the same anemone had nevertheless similar bacterial assemblages. As a consequence, we hypothesized that anemone bleaching does not significantly impact the microbiota of anemonefish, and that direct skin-to-skin contact among anemonefish is the primary factor influencing their microbiota composition
Faciliter la documentation des données grâce aux métadonnées dans un projet de recherche: Check-list pratique
No full textCette check-list a pour but de faciliter la documentation des données grâce aux métadonnées qui leurs sont associées. Elle détaille les étapes de la gestion des métadonnées tout au long du cycle de vie des données. Elle propose une méthode simple, constituée de solutions pratiques pour les collecter et les conserver à moindre effort. Cette checklist est à la fois un outil de support à la rédaction des plans de gestion de données et d’aide à la gestion des métadonnées sur l’ensemble d’un projet.Cette checklist est générique et pourra être ajustée en fonction des exigences de votre établissement, communauté disciplinaire ou financeur. Elle peut notamment s’adapter à différents contextes en sélectionnant certains items ou en les reformulant
Environmental changes and risk of plague epidemics in Indonesia
No full textInternational audienceHistorical epidemiological data indicate that plague epidemics caused thousands of deaths in Indonesia between 1911 and 1956. During this period, silent phases of the disease were observed, followed by re-emergences several years or even decades later in certain regions. The Indonesian government, both at the regional and central levels (notably the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia), has undertaken decades of epidemic management efforts, including plague surveillance, medical treatments, vector control, and improvements in individual and environmental sanitation. There were a few sporadic outbreaks in 1968, 1987, and 2007. Since then, no further cases have occurred, but this could just be another silent phase. Methodology A literature search comprising articles and reports including published and unpublished dissertations, was performed using the PubMed online database, the Directorate General of Disease Prevention and Control, the Ministry of the Health Republic of Indonesia, Institute for Vector and Reservoir Control Research and Development, The Ministry of Health of Indonesia, Provincial Health Offices, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Medicus Index for the Southeast Asian Region (IMSEAR) and co.IMSEAR), and others. All literature referring to plague in Indonesia (1923–2019) was used as a reference for this article. The Global Land Cover 1992–2020 from the European Space Agency database was used to monitor land cover changes with a spatial resolution of 300 meters. The Esri Sentinel-2 Land Cover Explorer database, created by ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redland, California, USA) using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery was also used. This database shows global land cover change between 2017 and 2023, using only 2023 data. Seven land cover classes were identified: Water, Forest, Flooded fields, Fields, Urban, Bare ground, and Pasture. Findings Environmental changes, essentially land conversion, have occurred in regions where plague outbreaks were previously recorded, with the exception of Eastern Java. Land conversion, increased human population density, and the heightened risk of human–rodent interactions could contribute to a resurgence of plague epidemics in Indonesia. Vectors and rodent hosts of Yersina pestis are still present in all regions but one with a higher human population density and thus a higher risk of contact. In Eastern Java, the environment remained the same as when plague outbreaks previously occurred. Conclusions We conclude that the historical areas of plague outbreaks have a potential for silent periods of plague transmission which could last decades. Furthermore, land conversion and the development of human settlements in these regions have led to a higher human presence, thus potentially increasing the risk of contact and transmission. There is therefore today a risk of plague resurgence in Indonesia and the current plague-free period might just be a silent period. In order to prevent outbreaks of plague after a period of silence and to implement an early alert system of plague transmission from animals to humans via fleas, the monitoring of potential Y. pestis circulation in sylvatic areas also needs to be intensified