HAL Collection UNC (Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie)
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A Process of Decolonisation In Vivo. The Case of Kanaky and/or New Caledonia
No full textInternational audienc
Participation à la table ronde 'Inclusive Democratic Governance: Issues, Methods and Empirical Strategies'
No full textInternational audienceNegotiated peace settlements are at the cornerstone of international security, peace-building, and inclusive democratic governance. In conflict zones and deeply divided societies around the world, from Bosnia-Herzegovina and Burundi to current mediations in Cyprus, Lebanon and Syria. International third-party actors frequently recommend power-sharing between antagonistic ethnic and religious groups. Yet international mediators often lack the academic resources and evidence-based knowledge as to translating the abstract principle of ‘democratic inclusivity’ into concrete steps for constitutional reform. This roundtable focuses on the key emerging issues and methods employed in the study of inclusive democratic governance focusing on: defining the key concepts across diverse settings, asking the right questions for theory and practice, and integrating appropriate methodologies in the study of the classic debates on consociational theory. We focus on the merits and challenges the INCLUSIVE PEACE project (Open Research Area round 7) has faced in its methodological choices and research designs including but not limited to qualitative approaches such as archival research, focus groups and elite interviews as well as quantitative methods involving the use of experiments, animations in survey design and longitudinal public opinion surveys
Flood Frequency Analysis in West Africa
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Devastating flood events are recurrently impacting West Africa. To mitigate flood impacts and reduce the vulnerability of populations, a better knowledge on the frequency of these events is crucial. The lack of reliable hydrometric datasets has hitherto been a major limitation in flood frequency analysis at the scale of West Africa. Utilising a recently developed African database, we perform a flood frequency analysis on the annual maximum flow (AMF) time series, covering 246 river basins in West Africa, between 1975 and 2018. Generalized extreme value (GEV) and Gumbel probability distributions were compared to fit AMF time series with the L‐moments, Maximum Likelihood (MLE) and Generalized Maximum Likelihood (GMLE) methods. Results indicated that the GEV distribution with the GMLE method provided the best results. Regional envelope curves covering the entire West African region with unprecedented data coverage have been generated for the first‐time providing insights for the estimation in flood quantiles for ungauged basins. The correlation between flood quantiles and watershed properties shows significant correlations with catchment area, groundwater storage, altitude and topographic wetness index. The findings from this study are useful for a better flood risk assessment and the design of hydraulic infrastructures in this region, and are a first step prior to the development of regional approaches to transfer the information from gauged sites to ungauged catchments
Pas d'effet interruptif de l'hypothèque légale attachée aux jugements de condamnation
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Clause de réserve de propriété et procédure collective : du rôle des organes
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La « place » des femmes. Relations à l’espace des personnages féminins dans Cousins de Patricia Grace et L’Epave de Déwé Gorodé
No full textInternational audienceEntre les années 1950 et 1970, les femmes autochtones du Pacifique insulaire sont entrées en écriture, le plus souvent par la voie poétique, dans un champ littéraire largement dominé par les hommes. Elles y occupent désormais une place prééminente et s’imposent notamment dans la fiction. Ma communication s’intéressera en particulier à la fiction, un genre littéraire singulièrement investi par les écrivaines océaniennes. Celui-ci relie en effet l’ancienne et la nouvelle génération d’auteures dont les voix et les œuvres tressent une vaste natte littéraire. Nous nous proposons donc d’interroger « la place » - ou plutôt les places - des femmes dans deux fictions Cousins de Patricia Grace et L'Epave de Déwé Gorodé. Cette notion de « place(s) » ne sera pas envisagée comme l’assignation de la femme à demeurer dans un espace ou un rôle défini. Il s’agira bien d’interroger les rapports des personnages féminins aux différents espaces (qu’ils soient géographiques, sociaux ou imaginaires) développés par la fiction
Variability of the optical signatures of dissolved organic matter in soils of different mangrove stands (Ouvéa, New Caledonia)
No full textInternational audienceMangrove ecosystems are known to play a key role in the global carbon cycle, due to their productivity and their ability for carbon sequestration both in the biomass and in the soil. In the latter, various geochemical processes lead to the production of dissolved organic matter (DOM) that can be exported through tidal pumping and then constitute an important source of organic carbon for adjacent ecosystems. DOM characteristics, and their variabilities, within mangrove soils depend on several factors, including the mangrove species, yet these variations and their origin still need to be precisely constrained. This study examined DOM sources in soils of a carbonate atoll mangrove (Ouvéa, New Caledonia), focusing on two tree species, Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorhiza , at different growth stages. We analysed porewater properties and DOM optical characteristics through spectroscopic and EEM-PARAFAC methods. Our results indicate distinct TOC and DOC concentrations across species, with mature B. gymnorhiza soils showing the highest TOC content (~ 30%) but the lowest DOC content (32 mg L −1 ). These differences seem not to be directly related to site physicochemical conditions (redox, pH, salinity) but may rather reflect differences in DOM sources and production, notably due to different symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi, which influence microbial activity and organic matter diagenesis. DOM absorbance patterns also varied significantly between species: Beneath R. apiculata , DOM had higher protein-like and fulvic-like fluorescence, indicating fresher organic matter, while beneath B. gymnorhiza , especially in mature stands, DOM was more humified, suggesting older OM because of a possible long-term accumulation due to the basin-like morphology of this site
Toward a spatialized index of the “benthic ecological state” using a new Coral Reef Rapid Assessment Method (CORRAM): case study at Reunion Island
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Impacts du changement climatique et de l’utilisation des champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires sur la culture et le métabolome des plante médicinales et aromatiques
No full textInternational audienceLe changement climatique menace les écosystèmes dont dépend la santé des populations. Ce phénomène est particulièrement marqué pour les populations des pays émergents qui utilisent les plantes médicinales en première intention [1]. L'augmentation du CO2 atmosphérique, de la température ou de la sécheresse sont des perturbations climatiques majeures qui ont des conséquences variables sur les plantes [2]. Les champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires sont des symbiotes obligatoires qui ont un grand potentiel pour améliorer la croissance des plantes grâce à divers mécanismes, notamment l'augmentation de la nutrition minérale, l'absorption d'eau ou la résistance à la sécheresse et aux maladies [3]. Coleus amboinicus Lour. est une plante semi-succulente de la famille des Lamiaceae qui dégage une odeur semblable à celle de l'origan. Elle est largement cultivée dans les régions tropicales et ses feuilles ont de nombreuses utilisations en médecine traditionnelle [4]. Afin d'étudier l'impact du changement climatique sur la croissance et le métabolome de C. amboinicus, nous avons mené une expérience de culture dans un environnement contrôlé (taux de CO₂, température, irrigation différenciée) en inoculant ou non les cultures avec des champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires. Des approches métabolomiques non ciblées basées sur la spectrométrie de masse ont été utilisées pour identifier de nouveaux schémas dans les interactions biotiques et abiotiques. Nos résultats montrent que les conditions hydriques ont un impact significatif sur la croissance et que les molécules volatiles sont surexprimées dans des conditions hydriques plus faibles et en présence de FMA. La composition des composés non volatils quant à elle change différemment selon les métabolites considérés en réponse aux mêmes conditions.[1] Applequist WL, Brinckmann JA, Cunningham AB, Hart RE, Heinrich M, Katerere DR, van Andel T. Scientists' Warning on Climate Change and Medicinal Plants. Planta Med. 2020; 86: 10-18[2] Holopainen JK, Virjamo V, Ghimire RP, Blande JD, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Kivimäenpää M. Climate Change Effects on Secondary Compounds of Forest Trees in the Northern Hemisphere. Front Plant Sci. 2018; 9: 1445 [3] Habeeb TH, Abdel-Mawgoud M, Yehia RS, Khalil AMA, Saleh AM, AbdElgawad H. Interactive Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Elevated CO2 on Growth and Functional Food Value of Thymus vulgare. J Fungi (Basel). 2020; 6: 168. [4] Lukhoba CW, Simmonds MS, Paton AJ. Plectranthus: a review of ethnobotanical uses. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 103: 1-2
