HAL Collection UNC (Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie)
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Financial literacy, cognitive abilities and gender gap
No full textInternational audienceThis paper examines how cognitive abilities explain variation in financial literacy among teenagers. We consider three dimensions of cognition: cognitive reflection, fluid intelligence, and approximate numeracy. Together, these measures account for nearly half of the variance in financial literacy scores and help explain the observed gender gap. While we find that the gender gap in financial literacy is entirely accounted for by differences in cognitive reflection, we do not find a similar result for approximate numeracy or fluid intelligence. These findings suggest that the gap is not driven by general cognitive differences across gender but by specific features that are shared by the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) and the financial literacy test and that disproportionately penalize girls
Landscapes of uncertainty: Mangrove rice farmers' perceptions of rainfall variability and climate change adaptation in three coastal regions of Guinea-Bissau, West Africa
No full textInternational audienceRainfall variability poses growing challenges to mangrove rice farming in Guinea-Bissau, threatening both local livelihoods and food security. This study investigates how farmers in the coastal regions of Cacheu, Oio, and Tombali perceive changing rainfall patterns and adapt their cropping calendars accordingly. Using a companion modelling approach, we co-designed a serious game with 45 mangrove rice farmers from 13 villages, complemented by group interviews and participant observation. The results reveal that farmers possess detailed, experience-based knowledge of rainfall variability-particularly regarding the delayed onset, mid-season dry spells, and early cessation of rains-which directly influences key agricultural decisions such as nursery establishment, transplanting, and harvesting. Through the serious game, participants collectively identified and validated four main adaptation strategies: (1) flexible adjustments to cropping systems (e.g., shifting to direct seeding in erratic years), (2) strategic use of short-and medium-cycle rice varieties, (3) enhanced water management through reinforced dykes and drainage innovations, and (4) diversification into complementary livelihood activities such as cashew cultivation and fishing. The serious game proved to be an effective tool for facilitating dialogue, sharing local knowledge, and collectively refining context-specific adaptation pathways. These findings underscore the value of integrating farmers' ecological knowledge with participatory methodologies to support resilient agricultural planning under climate uncertainty.</div
Plastic pollution: A potential vector of both pathogens and probiotics for corals on the Mascarene Ridge, Indian Ocean
No full textIn marine environments, plastic debris serves as a vector for pathogenic bacteria that can negatively impact marine fauna, including corals. The Saya de Malha and Nazareth Banks, located in the Indian Ocean, harbor an extensive area of coral reefs that may be susceptible to diseases associated with plastic pollution. In this context, we aimed to determine whether plastic debris in this region can act as a vector for coral-associated pathogenic bacteria. During the "Indian Ocean mission 2022," floating plastic debris (>500 μm) was collected from the Saya de Malha region using manta trawling. The collected debris were quantified, classified by type, size, and weighed. The associated microbiome, along with the viable bacterial communities attached to the plastic, were analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing and traditional molecular and microbiological techniques. A high concentration of plastic debris was recorded both on Saya de Malha and Nazareth Bank, with 105 items.km−2. The mean viable bacterial count was 15,519 ± 9340 CFU/g of plastic debris. Nine bacterial phyla were identified, with Firmicutes (58 % of the total) and Proteobacteria (42 %) being the dominant groups. The bacterial diversity on the plastic was measured at 0.92, including coral pathogens, such as Acinetobacter (27 %), Psychrobacter (2 %), and Pseudomonas (2 %). In addition, probiotic bacteria such as Exiguobacterium (58 %), Rheinheimera (1 %), and Idiomarina (1 %) were also detected. This preliminary study states the presence of both pathogenic and probiotic coral-associated fixed to plastic. Further research is needed to confirm their direct effect on coral reef disease. Nevertheless, these findings add to the growing evidence of the widespread presence of plastic debris floating in the region
Decision rule-based learning of terrorist threats
No full textInternational audienceArtificial Intelligence (AI) offers powerful tools for analyzing criminal data and predicting security threats. This paper focuses on the interpretable prediction of terrorist threats in France using official crime datasets from 2012 to 2021. We propose a preprocessing methodology to aggregate and label spatio-temporal crime data at the departmental level, addressing challenges such as data imbalance and structural heterogeneity. To ensure explainability, we adopt symbolic learning approaches based on decision rule generators implemented in WEKA, including MODLEM, NNge, and MOEFC. We evaluate these models through nine experiments simulating real-world prediction scenarios, using metrics such as misclassification rate, Recall, Kappa statistic, AUC-ROC, and AUPR. Results show that rule-based models achieve stable performance across periods, with Recall averaging 96% and AUPR close to 0.93, despite severe class imbalance. Among the tested methods, NNge and MOEFC provide the best trade-off between interpretability and predictive accuracy. These findings highlight the potential of interpretable rule-based models for supporting counter-terrorism strategies
Energy Balance on LEACH-C Based Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network
No full textInternational audienceThis manuscript presents an improvement of the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy centralized protocol using the energy balance formulation, referred to as the Low Energy-Variance Adaptive clustering (LEVA) protocol. Cluster heads (CHs) vary dynamically according to the remaining energy variation of the overall network, the number of alive wireless sensor devices, and their relative energy dispersion levels. In addition, the existence of CHs is guaranteed in each round. The energy balance formulation helps remove all additional communication between the base station and all WSDs. Thus, LEACH-C becomes a decentralized protocol. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the LEVA protocol in terms of energy balance and network lifetime. The lifetime is increased by 43%, 14%, and 12.5% compared to LEACH, LEACH-C, and LEACH-WSDN protocols, respectively.</div
La sardinerie de Pornic : une exclusion sociale programmée
No full textInternational audienceIn 1989 in Pornic, Loire-Atlantique, the Paul Paulet sardine cannery, which produced the Petit Navire brand, closed due to relocation, despite 40 years of operation. The traces of the female working-class condition on the seaside resort are subsequently erased. The buildings of the abandoned factory were demolished in 2012. Since then, the brownfields has been in a state of dormancy. In the continuity of this social sorting, the current process of protecting and enhancing the heritage of seaside villas proves to be an effective tool for excluding the working class; it is a vector of gentrification.En 1989, à Pornic en Loire-Atlantique, la conserverie de sardines Paul Paulet de la marque Petit Navire ferme pour délocalisation, et ce malgré 40 ans d’activité. Il s’ensuit l’effacement des traces de la condition ouvrière féminine sur la station balnéaire. Les bâtiments de l’usine désaffectée ont été rasés en 2012. Depuis, la friche est en latence. Dans la continuité de ce tri social, le processus actuel de protection et de mise en valeur patrimoniale des villas du bord de mer s’avère un outil efficace pour exclure les classes populaires, il est vecteur de gentrification
