HAL Collection UNC (Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie)
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Food cultures, lifestyles and health of Pacific adolescents: Questionnaire data and anthropometric measurements focused on 11 to 16 years old students living in New Caledonia
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents data collected from 1062 adolescents (521 females, 540 males) attending eight different schools in New Caledonia, an archipelago of the South Pacific. The adolescents, aged from 11 to 16 years old, lived in rural (n = 384) or urban (n = 678) areas of this French territory. The data, collected from July 2018 to April 2019, includes information from several different sources. Demographic information (sex, age and socioeconomic status) was obtained from the school management system. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist size, skinfold thickness and impedancemeter measurements) were obtained and then derived to assess weight status components (z-score and weight status categories) following standard references. Bioimpedance and skinfold thickness were also used to assess body composition. The questionnaires were designed to collect important information from participants about their lifestyles with the capacity to relate the information to cultural identity. Participants were asked to self-identify to an ethnic community. Participants eating behavior was assessed via the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The self-esteem was assessed using a validated French translation of the well-known Rosenberg's self-esteem scale. The prevalence and underlying reasons for procrastination among students was evaluated using the Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS). The sleep questionnaire was built to calculate sleep time in participants and identify underlaying reasons for insufficient sleep. The digital device and media questionnaire primarily aimed to investigate digital devices’ access and ownership (Multimedia devices), screen time (Screens and me), main purpose of use and the influence of digital and non-digital media on food choices (Screen and information). The “My body and me” questionnaire is a validated questionnaire that determines participant’s physical self-perception profile. Data about internalization of societal standards of appearance and the perceived pressures they experience to conform to these standards were collected using the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4). Finally, the self-perceived appearance questionnaire aimed to assess the discrepancy between the participants’ self-perceived and actual weight status. Finally, information about aerobic fitness (i.e., maximal aerobic speed test and assessment of maximal oxygen consumption) is known for 334 participants. The dataset contains sensitive data that are provided through restricted access. Additionally, a subset of non-sensitive data can be accessed openly. The paper describes the file’s content and the characteristics of the participants. This dataset contains diverse high-quality data valuable for researchers, public authorities and other parties interested in behavior, lifestyles and health of Pacific adolescents
OneWater Data: towards a national FAIR water data platform and community
No full textInternational audienceAs part of the FAIR Water Data platform, we explain the importance of contributing to the co-construction of an ecosystem of FAIR services related to water.To achieve this goal, we present the general FAIR Factory method and illustrate it with various examples
Contribution à l'estimation d'un diagnostic territorial pour la gestion des déchets du bâtiment : approche par Modélisation à base d'agent
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Specific impact of a COVID-19 infection on training modalities of endurance sportsmen: an observational approach
No full textInternational audienceEndurance exercise places demand on the respiratory system. A COVID-19 infection, which affects the respiratory system, could potentially increase this strain, possibly resulting in decreased endurance capacity. This research sought to examine how a COVID-19 infection influenced training modalities for endurance sportsmen compared to those not trained in endurance sports. A total of 468 sportsmen completed an online self-report questionnaire. The participants were categorized into endurance sportsmen (END, n = 246) and non-endurance sportsmen (NEND, n = 222). The study analyzed demographic information, sports profiles, COVID-19 infection characteristics, and the infection’s impact on training regimens. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding infection symptoms, symptom duration, lingering symptoms, or challenges when resuming training. However, 74.4% of END sportsmen reduced their training volume, compared to 25.6% of NEND sportsmen ( p < 0.001). Significant between-group differences were noted for initial training durations of 2–5, 5–8, and 8–12 hours per week. A significantly larger proportion of END sportsmen required extended recovery time compared to NEND sportsmen (61.7% vs 38.3%, p < 0.05). The study concluded that COVID-19 infection leads to specific alterations in the training patterns of endurance trained sportsmen, resulting in decreased training volume and increased recovery time when compared to non-endurance sportsmen.Le système respiratoire est contraint par l’exercice d’endurance. Une infection au Covid-19 pourrait le mettre encore plus à l’épreuve, entraînant une baisse des capacités d’endurance. Cette étude a évalué l’impact d’une infection au COVID-19 sur les modalités d’entraînement des sportifs d’endurance par rapport aux sportifs non entraînés en endurance. 468 sportifs ont répondu à un questionnaire auto-administré en ligne. 246 sportifs d’activité d’endurance (END) et 222 sportifs d’activité autres (NEND). Les données démographiques, le profil sportif, les caractéristiques de l’infection virale ainsi que ses conséquences sur les modalités d’entraînement ont été analysés. Aucune différence intergroupe n'a été observée en ce qui concerne les caractéristiques de l’infection. 74,4 % des sportifs qui ont réduit leur volume d’entraînement étaient END tandis que 25,6 % étaient NEND (p<0,001) avec une différence significative entre les groupes réalisant entre 2-5, 5-8 et 8-12 heures d’entraînement par semaine. La proportion des END nécessitant une récupération plus longue était significativement plus importante que celle des NEND (respectivement 61,7 % vs 38,3 %, p<0,05). Une infection au COVID-19 induit des changements dans les modalités d’entraînement des sportifs pratiquant des activités d’endurance, les amenant à réduire le volume d’entraînement et à augmenter le temps de récupération
Innovation technologique pour une vie active : perspectives d’adolescents de Nouvelle-Calédonie et d’Australie
No full textInternational audienceINTRODUCTION: Societies in New Caledonia and Australia are facing complex challenges where lifestyle and the environment are deeply interconnected, contributing to the high prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Adolescents are at heightened risk of NCDs due to increasingly sedentary lifestyles and insufficient physical activity, limiting their potential and exposing future generations to health inequities. While digital technology offers opportunities to promote physical activity, existing technologies and online platforms have not been designed with and for adolescents. Adolescents have unique health needs and priorities compared with adults, making it more crucial than ever to recognise these distinctions and develop a digital environment tailored to their special requirements. OBJECTIVES: Gain insight into adolescents’ perspectives on the future of digital technology to promote physical activity. METHODOLOGY: Participants were recruited using purposive sampling, with outreach conducted via email to schools in Australia and New Caledonia. A two-hour workshop was conducted to collect qualitative data through a scenario-based workbook in which participants were tasked to propose a digital technology innovation promoting physical activity. Working in groups, students answered via text or drawings and audio recorded descriptions. A method was developed to summarise drawings into explicit text that was then thematically analysed.RESULTS: There were 146 participants from New Caledonia and 66 from Australia. Half of the proposed solutions were inspired by existing technologies with the other half offering new ideas. Description of inventions were classified into 3 main themes: design, features and type covering respectively 43%, 30% and 25% of the digital technology codes . Australian participants focused more on describing features of the proposed solutions while New Caledonian participants provided information equally across themes. The inventions primarily focused on wearable devices, particularly those capable of offering personalised user experiences, the ability to measure exercise-related health data, providing motivation, and having a multifunctional design. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of designs proposed by participants incorporated unique features, signalling that existing technologies are insufficient in meeting their needs for promoting physical activity. Key themes were identified as priorities for digital technology aimed at adolescents in terms of promoting physical activity. Further research on other age demographics and countries is required to see if adolescent perceptions are consistent
Patrimoines du Pacifique: un parcours océaniste entre archéologie, histoire de l'art et histoire culturelle
No full textSatellite image texture and characterisation of urban environments favourable to vector mosquitoes
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/615038/)International audienceThis chapter presents a number of methods for the analysis of textures. In particular, the implementation of the FOTO approach (Couteron et al., 2006) to very high spatialresolution Pléiades images has facilitated the study of the relationships between urban variables, the distribution of dengue cases and the availability of larval habitats inBrazil and La Réunion
Unlocking the soundscape of coral reefs with artificial intelligence: pretrained networks and unsupervised learning win out
No full textInternational audiencePassive acoustic monitoring can offer insights into the state of coral reef ecosystems at low-costs and over extended temporal periods. Comparison of whole soundscape properties can rapidly deliver broad insights from acoustic data, in contrast to detailed but time-consuming analysis of individual bioacoustic events. However, a lack of effective automated analysis for whole soundscape data has impeded progress in this field. Here, we show that machine learning (ML) can be used to unlock greater insights from reef soundscapes. We showcase this on a diverse set of tasks using three biogeographically independent datasets, each containing fish community (high or low), coral cover (high or low) or depth zone (shallow or mesophotic) classes. We show supervised learning can be used to train models that can identify ecological classes and individual sites from whole soundscapes. However, we report unsupervised clustering achieves this whilst providing a more detailed understanding of ecological and site groupings within soundscape data. We also compare three different approaches for extracting feature embeddings from soundscape recordings for input into ML algorithms: acoustic indices commonly used by soundscape ecologists, a pretrained convolutional neural network (P-CNN) trained on 5.2 million hrs of YouTube audio, and CNN’s which were trained on each individual task (T-CNN). Although the T-CNN performs marginally better across tasks, we reveal that the P-CNN offers a powerful tool for generating insights from marine soundscape data as it requires orders of magnitude less computational resources whilst achieving near comparable performance to the T-CNN, with significant performance improvements over the acoustic indices. Our findings have implications for soundscape ecology in any habitat
Environmental preferences of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) for egg-laying on a fringing reef pocket beach, Mayotte Island
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding the spatial ecology of sea turtles is essential to ensure their long-term conservation by the preservation of their environment. The distribution and environmental preferences for egg-laying by the green turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) were studied on Grande Saziley beach in Mayotte (north of the Mozambique Channel). Green turtle nesting activity was geolocated during night patrols and the depth of specific nests was measured during two field campaigns in 2021 and 2022. Various original environmental parameters related to vegetation and beach morphology were extracted in a GIS environment based on this geolocated data using orthophotography and digital elevation models (DEMs) created by drones prior to field deployments. Sediment samples were also collected from the beach. Thanks to the combination of fieldwork and GIS analysis, this study makes it possible to examine a set of variables, which until now have rarely been studied simultaneously. The results showed that the Grande Saziley beach is a heterogeneous site with the distribution of egg-laying being concentrated in two hotspots. After principal component and GLMM statistical analysis, it appeared that gravid females preferentially lay in a low proportion of coarse sand at the bottom of the nest, at higher elevation and predominantly in surface sand with a low calcium carbonate content. This preference seems to be linked more to elevation, where black sand is mainly found at the top of the beach, rather than an intentional choice based on sand composition. No significant egg-laying site-related variables were found to explain the variations in nest depth. Our study was based on a new approach combining GIS techniques and drone surveys, enabling the collection of environmental parameters, a methodology that can easily be reproduced on other nesting beaches, reducing field workload. However, this work should be continued to assess the viability of sites for clutch survival while considering the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the environment
Littérature et politique en Océanie.: Actes du colloque international organisé par le laboratoire EASTCO à l'Université de la Polynésie française (14-16 novembre 2022)
No full textInternational audienceLe colloque international « Littérature et politique en Océanie » a eu pour objet les rapports de domination, d’intégration, d’appropriation, de soumission qui occupent une place centrale dans les littératures océaniennes en contexte colonial et postcolonial. Il a eu lieu quelques semaines après la disparition de l’autrice kanak Dewé Gorodé (1949-2022) à laquelle de nombreuses contributions ont rendu hommage et réunissait à la fois des universitaires spécialisé.e.s dans la littérature océanienne de tout le Pacifique (francophone et anglophone) et des poètes et écrivains de cette Sea of Islands (Epeli Hau‘ofa).A l’occasion du colloque, on s’est notamment demandé si la condition autochtone ou le statut de territoires toujours considérés comme colonisés, politise nécessairement la venue à l'écriture et de quelle manière. Ont par ailleurs été proposées des lectures plurielles de ce qui fait politique dans la littérature océanienne aujourd'hui, d'écritures féministes à l'écocritique en passant par la poésie, la performance, le récit initiatique, l'écriture manifestaire et la science-fiction. Depuis les travaux de Jacques Rancière on observe un regain certain de l’intérêt universitaire et critique pour la dimension politique de la littérature, mais ces réflexions demeurent largement focalisées sur les productions hexagonales ou plus largement occidentales. Il importait de réexaminer ces rapports à partir d’un corpus trop souvent injustement ignoré et de faire entendre la voix d’autrices comme Flora Aurima Devatine, Chantal T. Spitz et Titaua Peu dont des textes inédits complètent le volume