HAL Collection UNC (Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie)
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Vivre dans les zones rurales et urbaines de Nouvelle-Calédonie : impact sur la consommation alimentaire, la durée du sommeil et les paramètres anthropométriques chez les adolescents mélanésiens
No full textInfographie résumant l'article scientifique suivant :Galy O., Paufique E., Nedjar-Guerre A., Wacalie F., Wattelez G., Le Roux P.-Y., Ponidja S., Zongo P., Serra-Mallol C., Allman-Farinelli M., Frayon S. Living in Rural and Urban Areas of New Caledonia: Impact on Food Consumption, Sleep Duration and Anthropometric Parameters Among Melanesian Adolescents. Nutrients. 2020; 12(7):2047. doi: 10.3390/nu12072047Infography related to the following scientific paper: Galy O., Paufique E., Nedjar-Guerre A., Wacalie F., Wattelez G., Le Roux P.-Y., Ponidja S., Zongo P., Serra-Mallol C., Allman-Farinelli M., Frayon S. Living in Rural and Urban Areas of New Caledonia: Impact on Food Consumption, Sleep Duration and Anthropometric Parameters Among Melanesian Adolescents. Nutrients. 2020; 12(7):2047. doi: 10.3390/nu12072047Infographie résumant l'article scientifique suivant :Galy O., Paufique E., Nedjar-Guerre A., Wacalie F., Wattelez G., Le Roux P.-Y., Ponidja S., Zongo P., Serra-Mallol C., Allman-Farinelli M., Frayon S. Living in Rural and Urban Areas of New Caledonia: Impact on Food Consumption, Sleep Duration and Anthropometric Parameters Among Melanesian Adolescents. Nutrients. 2020; 12(7):2047. doi: 10.3390/nu1207204
Territorial solar baking potential: A socio-technical analysis for planning the sustainable energy transition of the bakery world
No full textInternational audienceNowadays, for energy reasons bread consumption appears unsustainable in the long-term. Direct solar baking can be part of the solution, but tools allowing for the estimation of the social-technical potential of solar baking at the territorial scale are lacking. In this article a socio-technical solar bakery's workflow model and two socio-economic indicators were developed. Then, these numeric tools were used in the frame of a full solar production and soft mobility scenario in a small tropical island (Réunion, France). Results show that in the best sites solar baking can be performed at least once a week with a production up to 16 tons/year and ≈ 32,000 tCO 2 emissions per year could be saved.</div
Sensitivity of lumped and semi-distributed hydrological models to 20 gridded precipitation products in a transboundary basin
No full textInternational audienceThis study proposes a dual approach to assess 20 Gridded Precipitation Products (GPPs) within a transboundary region with complex topography. GPPs were first compared with observed precipitation to assess their spatio-temporal accuracy. They were then integrated into a lumped (GR4J) and a semi-distributed (MGB-IPH) hydrological model to evaluate their impact on streamflow simulations for three basins. Even if most GPPs effectively captured the dominant north-south precipitation gradient shaped by the Andean topography, the results show significant variations in GPP effectiveness across the considered basins. The most reliable GPPs for streamflow simulation across Katari, Ilave, and Ramis basins are MSWEP, CHIRPS, and MSWEP when considering the lumped GR4J model and SM2Rain_CCI, IMERG_FR, and SM2Rain_CCI when considering the semi-distributed MGB model. This discrepancy among the models shows that GPPs' reliability assessment is sensitive to the model structure and that different conclusions could be made according to the selected model. Our findings show that the GR4j lumped model is barely influenced by precipitation bias due to its buffering capacity. In contrast, the semi-distributed MGB-IPH model is sensitive to precipitation bias in space and time and therefore is more suitable to reveal GPP inconsistencies. Overall, this study not only provides GPP reliability feedback but also new insights on the respective limits and advantages of different assessment methods (i.e., gauges, lumped and semi-distributed models). These findings support the development of a practical framework for GPP selection according to the forecast use.</div
Facing Climate Change: How to Manage the Arising New Crises?
No full textInternational audienceThe increasing frequency and intensity of climate change-related disasters highlight the need to develop adaptive crisis management approaches. This paper explores the integration of R-IO Suite, a knowledge-based decision support system, with GAMA, a multi-agent simulation platform, to improve situational awareness and crisis response in a changing climate. This approach enables decision-makers and local communities to better understand, anticipate, and mitigate crisis impacts by combining real-time data modelling and predictive simulation. Although the proposed framework has been conceptually defined, its implementation and validation remain open key challenges. The French ANR-funded ATEsT project aims to overcome major technical obstacles— interoperability, semantic alignment, and temporal synchronisation—through concrete use cases. Future work will focus on implementing and testing this integration in realistic crisis scenarios, such as mega-fires and flash floods across different territories, to assess its effectiveness in improving decision-making processes and citizen engagement
Water quality within the greater Suva urban marine environment through spatial analysis of nutrients and water properties
No full textInternational audienceCoastal ecosystems in Pacific Island Countries and Territories are vital to local livelihoods, yet increasingly face pressures from urbanization. In Fiji, the Greater Suva Urban Area, where one-third of the nation's population live, exemplifies these challenges. This study examines spatial and temporal water quality variations in the coastal zone, focusing on physicochemical, nutrients, and clarity parameters. Using a Seabird Scientific SBE19 CTD and Thermo Scientific Orion™ AQUAfast™ colorimeter, coupled with hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis, six water quality clusters were identified, influenced by oceanic processes, river inputs, and anthropogenic activities. Key findings highlight nutrient enrichment near urban centers particularly at the Kinoya Sewage Treatment Plant outfall, where ammonia exceeded 17.8 mg/L, and significant variation observed in nitrate (up to 0.24 ± 0.06 mg/L) and nitrite (up to 0.24 ± 0.06 mg/L) concentrations near river mouths. Seasonal runoff contributed to elevated turbidity (up to 3.5 NTU) and total suspended solids (up to 14.7 mg/L) levels during wet months. Salinity, and temperature exhibited strong spatial and seasonal variability, reflecting land-ocean interactions and restricted water exchange. These findings emphasize the need for targeted action to mitigate nutrient pollution, urban runoff, and wastewater impacts. This study provides a cost-effective monitoring framework for water quality management, offering insights for sustainable coastal resource management in Fiji and other Pacific regions amidst urbanization and climate change
Unexpected microbial diversity in new Caledonia’s ultramafic ecosystems with conservation implications in a biodiversity hotspot
No full textData availability: DNA librairies: the Illumina MiSeq sequences are available under the following NCBI accession numbers: SAMN05786746 to SAMN05786777 for Rivière Blanche and Kopéto; SUB9939738, SUB9957890, SUB9966585, SUB9965709 and SUB9966666 for Goro; SAMN31953029 to SAMN31953058 and SAMN31953148 to SAMN31953177 for Maré; SRR30291378 to SRR30291403 for Bois du Sud and Tiébaghi.International audienceSoils harbour an incredible diversity of microorganisms that play crucial roles in ecosystem functioning. However, this biodiversity remains largely overlooked, with a poor understanding of how patterns form across landscapes. An eDNA metabarcoding approach was used to identify potential overarching patterns in fungal and bacterial communities from ultramafic ecosystems in New Caledonia, a renowned biodiversity hotspot. Our comprehensive analysis revealed several key findings, notably an important microbial diversity in the extreme environments of iron crust soils. Clear tendencies in phyla composition were also observed, with the fungal groups Ascomycota and Mucoromycota acting as potential indicators of land degradation (only in lateritic soils for Mucoromycota). For bacteria, Chloroflexi was characteristic of open vegetation, while Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria were observed in higher relative abundances in the closed vegetation. The ectomycorrhizal fungal functional group was also found to be rich and unique, with a hypothetical endemism rate of 87%, and over-represented by the Cortinarius genus in rainforests and maquis (shrublands) dominated by ectomycorrhizal plants. Finally, each ultramafic Massif demonstrated a unique microbial community. Thus, our findings provide valuable insights into microbial ecology and emphasize the need for tailored conservation strategies for this biodiversity hotspot
Evolution de la couverture corallienne de la plateforme récifale de Saint-Gilles / l’Hermitage à La Réunion entre 2013 à 2023
No full textCes données de recouvrement corallien ont été produites dans le cadre du projet BioEOS. La méthodologie utilisée est la suivante :1. Acquisition de scènes satellites Pléiades sur la plateforme récifale de Saint-Gilles / l’Hermitage entre 2013 et 2023, issues de la base de données Kalidéos Réunion. Ces données sont orthorectifiées et calibrées en réflectance à l’aide d’une chaine spécifiquement développée par le CNES assurant une haute cohérence de la série temporelle.2. Exploitation de données de in situ et historiques de couverture corallienne (CCV) sur la plateforme récifale.3. Masquage de la zone d’étude (suppression des pixels en dehors de la plateforme récifale, émergés, sur la pente externe, et présentant du déferlement)4. Calcul des indices de brillance BIBG (bandes bleue et verte) sur toutes les images5. Estimation des coefficients des droites de régressions entre CCV et BIBG et application pour produire les images d’estimation de la CCV par satellite Pleiades. Seuillage des valeurs en dehors de la plage [0, 100]6. Masquage des zones d’herbiers à l’aide des couches vectorielles d’herbiers produites dans le cadre de ce projet BioEOS, à partir des mêmes images Pléiades aux dates correspondantes.Dans le cadre du projet BioEOS, l’évolution temporelle de la couverture en corail vivant a été estimée sur la plateforme récifale de Saint-Gilles / l’Hermitage à partir de 10 images satellites Pléiades acquises entre le 20 août 2013 et le 05 octobre 2023. Le calcul des corrélations linéaires permet de mettre en évidence les tendances locales à l’échelle d’une surface de 100m² (polygones carrés de 10m x 10m). Un coefficient de corrélation de Pearson inférieur à 0,05 permet de valider l’hypothèse d’une corrélation linéaire entre les données (CCV vs temps), et d’identifier ainsi les tendances durant cette période (progression, régression, stabilité).La mise à jour régulière de ces données à partir de séries temporelles d’images satellites permet de suivre la dynamique spatio-temporelle des habitats côtiers sensibles
Femmes écrivains du Pacifique francophone : tressages littéraires contemporains
No full textInternational audienceThe contemporary literature of the French-speaking Pacific Islands is dominated by women. Since the 1980s, the indigenous authors impose their voice whose poetic and political power carry from islands to archipelagos without however managing to really carry beyond the limits of the Pacific Ocean. These authors have fully participated in the cultural revalorization of their people, showing, in the syncopated movement of their pen, that neither Polynesian culture nor Kanak culture could be erased and even less dissolved in the French writing or language. They have opened the way to a second generation of women writers. The aim here is to study how these two generations of women both continue and renew the themes of Oceanian fiction in a form of heritage.La littérature contemporaine du Pacifique francophone est dominée par les femmes. Figures emblématiques, les auteures autochtones imposent, depuis les années 1980, leur voix dont la puissance poétique et politique portent d’îles en archipels sans toutefois parvenir à porter véritablement au-delà des limites de l’Océan Pacifique. Ces auteures ont, dès leurs débuts, participé pleinement à la revalorisation culturelle de leur peuple, montrant, dans le mouvement syncopé de leur plume, que ni la culture polynésienne ni la culture kanak ne sauraient être effacées et encore moins dissoutes dans l’écriture ou la langue française. Elles ont ouvert la voie à une seconde génération d’écrivaine. Il s’agira ici d’étudier en quoi ces deux générations de femmes poursuivent et renouvellent à la fois les thèmes de la fiction océanienne s’inscrivant dans une forme d’héritage
La Passion-Clipperton Atoll in the Eastern North Pacific: Anthropogenic Traces Revealing Environmental and Societal Dynamics
No full textInternational audienceClipperton or Passion Island is a French possession, located in the north-eastern Pacific Ocean. Uninhabited since 1945, the atoll is considered the most isolated in the world. In addition to a few plant and animal species that thrive there, the island has large colonies of seabirds, land crabs and recently rats, which are engaged in an interspecific struggle. In addition, Clipperton's EEZ provides a significant resource of fish and polymetallic nodules. A scientific expedition studied the remains present on the coral crown: from Mexican remains from phosphate mining, to those abandoned by the American army, to wrecks of fishing boats, to the numerous pieces of waste transported by marine currents. The problem of such remains is thus considered not only as a reverse side of production, but also as a research object combining historical, geographical, economic, geopolitical, landscape and symbolic dimensions. Indeed, the island of Clipperton, currently free of human settlement and occupation, is nevertheless subject to anthropic interactions. In addition to the fact that its location gives it a geostrategic interest for the French State, the island constitutes an in situ and in vivo laboratory, for long-term scientific study.</div
Bridging Knowledge: Transdisciplinary Approaches to Climate Adaptation in the Pacific
No full textInternational audienceThis panel posed the following guiding question: how can we conduct research that is truly relevant to the countries in which we work? What factors enabled us to formulate useful questions for populations and decision-makers in the context of climate change? What difficulties did researchers and institutional staff encounter when conducting such demanding research? Finally, what results were expected and discussed during the project's development?The panel proposed exploring these issues based on five years of transdisciplinary and applied research on climate change and adaptation conducted in the Pacific Islands. These islands, which are highly exposed to hazards, have also served as testing grounds. Since 2022, the CLIPSSA (Pacific Climate, Local Knowledge and Adaptation Strategies) project has been bringing together climatologists and social scientists with institutional and political actors in Vanuatu, New Caledonia, French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna to co-develop a programme aligned with the priorities of local authorities. After a year of consultation with governments, the food-water-agriculture nexus was selected as a common focus, with family farming — central to food security — being chosen more specifically. A crucial component focused on linking indigenous and local knowledge, climate science and public decision-making more effectively to accelerate adaptation.The consortium's researchers presented three contributions: (1) producing future atmospheric projections at a Pacific scale (20 km grid) and at a very high resolution on the islands (2.5 km); (2) analysing future climate impacts on agriculture in Melanesian and Polynesian contexts; and (3) studying the ways in which family farmers combine knowledge, experience and know-how today. Beyond the methods and initial results, the panel examined the constraints and opportunities of such approaches, fuelling a debate on their expected effects