HAL Collection UNC (Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie)
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Analysis and representation of vegetation cover evolution in natural resource restoration areas in northern Burkina-Faso
No full textInternational audienc
Représenter les données climatiques urbaines : sémiologie et géovisualisation
No full textInternational audienceLes approches et normes de représentation cartographique des outils SIG standards peuvent être éloignées des usages des différents types d’utilisateurs étudiant ou devant prendre en compte les phénomènes climatiques urbains (urbanistes, météorologues, climatologues, etc). Elles peuvent s’avérer insuffisantes pour représenter la complexité des phénomènes, caractérisés par une variabilité spatiale tridimensionnelle et temporelle. A travers les résultats de différents projets de recherche, ce chapitre s’intéresse aux nouvelles approches pour représenter et explorer les données climatiques à l’échelle urbaine. La première partie aborde la question des utilisations et des normes de représentation des données climatiques et météorologiques dans les zones urbaines et intra-urbaines densément peuplées, en tenant compte à la fois des besoins opérationnels et de la communication avec le public. Une seconde partie porte sur les approches de visualisation pour l’analyse de données simulées dans un contexte scientifique, et aborde les approches pour représenter ces données dans leur complexité, par l’usage d’outils 3D. Enfin, le chapitre aborde l’intérêt d’associer les utilisateurs à la conception des représentations graphiques des données climatiques
« Mademoiselle, c’est votre prénom qui est une insulte à la France » : rejet du pourvoi d’Éric Zemmour: Crim. 2 sept. 2025, n<sup>o</sup> 24-82.963
No full textInternational audienceA justifié sa décision la cour d’appel qui a retenu que ces propos, qui stigmatisaient le prénom de la partie civile, attribut essentiel de sa personnalité, en la renvoyant à son ascendance africaine, ne s’inscrivaient plus dans le débat d’intérêt général qui était le sujet des précédents échanges, étaient injurieux à son égard à raison de son origine supposée et dépassaient, dès lors, les limites admissibles de la liberté d’expression
Structure and Spectroscopic Characterisation of Phenanthroline‐Based Iodobismuthate(III) Complexes Utilised for Raw Acoustic Signal Classification
No full textInternational audienceMemristors are promising candidates for neuromorphic systems due to their ability to mimic synaptic behaviour, which is a key feature for the combination of memory and information processing in a single device. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterisation of a series of phenanthroline‐based iodobismuthate(III) complexes with varying cations, such as tetrabutylammonium, tetramethylammonium, and trimethylsulfonium. We have investigated the influence of steric effects on the optical and electrical properties of the compounds. Sandwiched thin layers as memristive devices show analogue, voltage‐dependent potentiation and depression, supporting their synaptic functionality. Along with the decrease in the cation size, the homogeneity of the thin layers on the ITO/glasses and stability of the device were improved. It is noteworthy that devices implemented as a time‐delayed reservoir in the circuit are capable of raw signal classification, successfully classifying environmental signals without any pre‐ or post‐processing steps. These findings advance the design of functional materials for real‐time hardware‐level signal classification, marking a step towards integrated neuromorphic architectures
When Pacific children sketch the sea and their fishing practices : involving children in marine social science research
No full textThe 'SOCPacific' project (A Sea of Connections: Contextualising Fisheries in the South Pacific Region, 2018-2022,funded by ANR-DFG) sought to investigate the 'sea ofconnections' in which fishing practices and fisheriesmanagement are embedded across the South Pacific.Engaging children was crucial for adopting a marine sustainability framework that recognises intergenerationaljustice concerns and upholds children's rights. Childrenin the region are active participants in fishing activitiesand play a key role in sustaining the connections amongpeople, the ocean, and marine life. Just like adults, theytoo can exercise their rights and responsibilities towardthe ocean. Art workshops allowed them to take part in co-building our research agenda
Very-high resolution coral reef mapping in Mayotte using Satellite Imagery
No full textInternational audienceTropical coral reefs are the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet, but increasing human pressures are rapidly degrading those sensitive ecosystems. Marine habitat maps, often used to manage coastal environments, tend to be available at spatial resolutions too coarse for the needs of management, impacting management strategies and monitoring efforts. Here, we developed an innovative approach forconducting very high-resolution (sub-meter) mapping of benthic habitats semi-automatically and applied it across the 195 km of Mayotte's reef flat. The mapping was performed using 50-cm resolution Pleiades satellite imagery and LiDAR-derived bathymetry. Satellite images were supplemented by underwater images acquired along 193 transects using a GoPro camera fixed to a diver propulsion vehicle. To achieve a very high spatial accuracy, underwater images were positioned with a few centimeters accuracy using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) system and post-processed kinematic (PPK) corrections. Geo-referenced image frames were extracted from the videos and integrated for annotations into CoralNet, a free online benthic image analysis software using semi-automatic deep learning analysis. About 10% of the video frames (3323 images) were annotated, allowing the analysis of over 31,500 images and calculate habitats' covers on the reef. Satellite images were segmented using an Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) approach and segments properties were used with other variables in a Random Forest pixel-based classification. To ensure replicability, data processing and analyseswere conducted using free and open source software Orfeo ToolBox, QGIS, and R Stats. Thirteen benthic habitats, extending from coastal mangroves to the outer reef slope, were mapped at the pixel level. CoralNet classifiers achieved 65% accuracy, while the Random Forest models reached an accuracy of 76%. The composition of benthic assemblages varied significantly around the island, with changes inlive corals accompanied by a rise in muddy habitats, turf, and dead corals as anthropogenic pressures intensify. The detailed habitat maps produced through this project will serve as an essential management tool to inform the management of Mayotte's coastal waters and the approach developed could help produce more regular and systematic habitat maps in support of coastal zone management
Towards ‘retroliberalism’ or food security?: Donor development aid to the agricultural sectors of four Melanesian states, 2008-2021
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundDevelopment aid to Pacific Islands states tends to take the form of grants to provide services in health, education and transport, however Melanesian states are largely rural, and it may be time to consider stronger support for the agricultural sector as a mode of development to provide for future food security, decreased reliance on imports, and improved nutrition in an era of climate change adaptation. MethodsTo understand the place of family farming in the donor development strategies of four Melanesian states we first assess the place of foreign aid in total development finance to Papua New Guinea (PNG), Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Fiji between 2008-2021. Using data from the Lowy Institute a detailed study of aid flows highlights the respective place of official development assistance (ODA), other financial flows, private flows and remittances in the financial flows for each recipient state. We then focus on donor aid flows and their sectoral breakdown concentrating on the 'Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries' (AFF) sector, and within AFF on the sub-sectors of donor intervention.</div
Réflexions autour du statut juridique de l’animal : l’exemple de la Nouvelle-Calédonie
No full textInternational audienceL’intervention analyse l’évolution du statut juridique de l’animal en Nouvelle-Calédonie, marquée par la loi du pays n°2024-4 qui reconnaît l’animal comme un être vivant doué de sensibilité. Elle met en lumière la coexistence de deux ontologies : naturaliste occidentale (approche utilitariste) et animiste kanak (approche relationnelle), influençant les représentations et les normes. La réforme s’inscrit dans une dynamique d’hybridation juridique entre traditions locales et modèle romano-germanique. Les enjeux portent sur la régulation de l’élevage, la vente et la protection animale, avec un rôle accru des associations et vétérinaires. Cette évolution illustre la tension entre codification moderne et héritages culturels
Triassic Intracontinental Crustal Reworking of the Eastern Tianshan: New Insights From Late Triassic Adakitic and Low‐Sr/Y Granitoids in the Bogda Range
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Continental intraplate magmatism remains a fundamental challenge in Plate Tectonics. Triassic magmatism represents a critical phase in the evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and continues to provoke debate about its tectonic setting. This study presents an integrated analysis of field, petrographic, geochronologic, geochemical, and isotopic data from two newly identified Triassic granitoids in the Bogda Range: an adakitic porphyry and a low‐Sr/Y granite porphyry. Zircon U‐Pb dating yields nearly coeval crystallization ages of 221–220 Ma and 219–217 Ma, respectively. Both granitoids are characterized by high SiO 2 and K 2 O content, low MgO (Mg # ) and Ni content, and elevated K 2 O/Na 2 O and Th/Nb ratios. They have also depleted whole‐rock Sr‐Nd and zircon Hf isotopic compositions, indicative of juvenile crustal sources. The adakitic porphyry exhibits high Sr/Y and (La/Yb) N ratios, low Rb/Sr ratios, and weak Eu anomalies, suggesting derivation from garnet‐stable mafic lower crust. In contrast, the granite porphyry displays low Sr/Y and (La/Yb) N ratios, consistent with a plagioclase‐stable source. By integrating these results with regional data, we propose that the diversity of Triassic magmatism in the Eastern Tianshan is due to the reworking of juvenile and ancient crust at different depths and temperatures, resulting in arc‐like geochemical signatures. This process was associated with transcurrent tectonics and variable mantle contributions in a continental intraplate setting
Comparative Environmental Law and Ontological Pluralism: A Caledonian Case Study
No full textThis article explores the intersection of comparative environmental law and ontological pluralism, using New Caledonia as a case study. It argues that traditional comparative legal methodologies must evolve to accommodate non-Western conceptions of nature and legal personhood. Through an analysis of legislative innovations in the Loyalty Islands Province, the article demonstrates how kanak ontologies challenge the epistemological foundations of French civil law and call for a reimagining of comparative legal frameworks.Cet article examine l’articulation entre le droit de l'environnement et le pluralisme ontologique, en prenant la Nouvelle-Calédonie comme étude de cas. Il soutient que les méthodologies classiques du droit comparé doivent évoluer afin d’intégrer les conceptions non occidentales de la nature et de la personnalité juridique. À travers l’analyse des innovations législatives mises en œuvre dans la Province des Îles Loyauté, l’article met en lumière la manière dont les ontologies kanak interrogent les fondements épistémologiques du droit civil français et appellent à une refonte des cadres théoriques du droit comparé