HAL Collection UNC (Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie)
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Overview of Sensing and Data Processing Technologies for Smart Building Services and Applications
No full textInternational audienceInternet of things (IoT) and big data technologies are increasingly gaining significance in the implementation of various services and applications. Consequently, much of the research focused on energy efficiency and building management revolves around integrating IoT and big data technologies for data collection and processing. Occupancy detection, comfort, and energy management are the most important services for optimizing building energy consumption in smart buildings, and environmental data play a key role in improving these services. Furthermore, the integration of advanced and recent techniques, such as IoT, big data, and machine learning, is progressively becoming more vital for both researchers and industries. This paper presents and discusses various emerging technologies that will contribute to designing novel IoT-based architectures to improve smart building services. These technologies offer innovative solutions to address the challenges of interoperability, scalability, and real-time data processing within intelligent environments, paving the way for more efficient, adaptive, and user-centric smart building systems. The main aim of this research is to help researchers define an optimal architecture that presents all layers, from sensing to big data stream processing. We established comparative criteria between the most popular data processing techniques to select the appropriate framework for developing intelligent platforms for managing building services, such as occupancy detection systems and occupants' comfort management, and further, to enhance the deployment of digital twins for critical environment monitoring and anomaly detection. The proposed architecture uses Apache Kafka, Apache Storm, and Apache SAMOA as its core components, creating a comprehensive platform for efficient data collection, monitoring, and processing with high performance in terms of fault tolerance and low latency.</div
Climate Change Discourse and Coastal Erosion in New Caledonia: an Analysis of Press Coverage in Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes
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Dialogue entre science et société civile au REVOSIMA : le groupe de travail « Médiation scientifique »
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Emergence of new heat stress hotspots over the West Africa
No full textInternational audienceWe calculate the hourly wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) values for the last 50 years over Western Africa to assess the emergence of new heatwave hotspots and the interplay between moist and dry heatwaves. In the formulation used, WBGT is derived using the grided data from ERA5 and ERA5-HEAT: 2-m air temperature, relative humidity, 10-m wind speed and mean radiant temperature (a measure of incidence of radiation on a body), and is thus representative of outdoor conditions.We find that the heat stress estimated through WBGT does not peak over the same geographical regions as the air temperature, suggesting an important role of humidity in intensifying heatwaves over certain regions. While the highest temperatures are reached in the northern Sahel and Saharan regions, the highest heat stress values are found further to the south, in the region bordering Senegal, Mauritania and Mali and in southwest Niger. These are the same regions where the WBGT threshold of 33 °C (conditions dangerous even at resting metabolic rates (MR) < 115 W) have recently been crossed for up to 40 hours per year.The duration of exposure to WBGT > 30 °C (conditions dangerous at light physical activity, MR < 180 W) has been increasing over almost the entire West Africa, at rates from 30 to 100 hours/decade. Over the Senegal - Mauritania - Mali border and southern Niger, exposure to WBGT > 33 °C has been increasing by 1-4 hours/decade.Dangerous WBGT thresholds can be crossed at a wide range of temperatures and are often not associated with the highest temperature percentiles. For example, in Niamey, a WBGT of 30 °C has been crossed in the temperature range from ~ 29 to 44 °C, in Thies (Dakar) and Ouagadougou from ~ 28 to 43 °C, and in Abidjan from ~ 28 - 36 °C. In September 2019 and July 2020, in Niamey we find the first occurrences of air temperatures below 36 °C being associated with very dangerous heat stress values (WBGT > 33 ° C).We conclude that for much of continental West Africa, and particularly for the Senegal - Mauritania - Mali border region and southern Niger, extreme heat alerts should at a minimum include indicators accounting for temperature and humidity, in order to capture the dangerous moist heatwave conditions occurring at temperatures well below the highest temperature percentiles. More complex indicators that additionally account for wind and radiation are very desirable for estimates of outdoor safety
The effectiveness of heat prevention plans in reducing heat-related mortality across Europe
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Heat-health warning systems and action plans, referred to as heat prevention plans (HPPs), are key public health interventions aimed at reducing heat-related mortality. Despite their importance, prior assessments of their effectiveness have yielded inconsistent results. The objective of this study is to systematically assess the effectiveness of heat prevention plans in reducing heat-related mortality risk across Europe.We analysed daily mortality and mean temperature data from 102 locations in 14 European countries between 1990 and 2019. Using data from national experts, we identified the year of HPP implementation and categorised their development class. A three-stage analysis was conducted: (1) quasi-Poisson time series models were used to estimate location-specific warm-season exposure-response functions in three-year subperiods; (2) mixed-effect meta-regression models with multilevel longitudinal structures were employed to quantify changes in pooled exposure-response functions due to HPP implementation, adjusted for long-term trends in heat-related mortality risks; and (3) the heat-related excess mortality due to HPP was calculated by comparing factual (with HPP) and counterfactual (without HPP) scenarios. Estimates are reported by country, region, and HPP class.HPP implementation was associated with a 25.2% [95% CI: 19.8% to 31.9%] reduction in excess deaths attributable to extreme heat, corresponding to 1.8 [95% CI: 1.3 to 2.4] avoided deaths annually per 100,000 inhabitants. This equates to an estimated 14,551 [95% CI: 10,118 to 19,072] total deaths avoided across all study locations following HPP implementation. No significant differences in HPP effectiveness were observed by European region or HPP class.Our findings provide robust evidence that HPPs substantially reduce heat-related mortality across Europe, accounting for temporal changes and geographical differences in risks. These results emphasise the importance of monitoring and evaluating HPPs to enhance adaptation to a warming climate
Characterizing urban landscapes using very-high resolution satellite imagery to predict Ae. albopictus larval presence probability in public spaces
No full textInternational audienceThe global spread of Aedes albopictus raises growing public health concerns due to its role in transmitting dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. In southern France, the increase in imported dengue cases and local transmission underlines the urgent need for effective vector control. While efforts primarily target private breeding sites, public spaces also contribute notably to larvae presence. Understanding the impact of urban landscapes on the distribution of breeding sites is crucial for optimizing vector control strategies, identifying high-risk areas, and reducing mosquito populations. This study aims to investigate how urban landscapes impact the distribution of Ae. albopictus larvae in public spaces, with a focus on storm drains and telecom cable chambers in Montpellier, France. Very high-resolution satellite imagery was used to characterize urban landscapes through textural analyses of spectral indices. Environmental bias was assessed by analyzing the representativity of sampled breeding sites within the diverse urban landscapes. Species distribution models (SDMs) were built, their predictive accuracy was evaluated, and an ensemble model was created to predict larval presence across the study area. SDMs predicted a high probability of larval presence in the western and northeastern parts of Montpellier, with low uncertainty. The most influential variables for predicting larval presence were the mean of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), texture indices from both NDVI, brightness index (BI), and the panchromatic image. Urban vegetation significantly influences larval presence, although higher vegetation index values correlate with a decreased probability of larval occurrence. Additionally, the combination of vegetation and urban structures plays a crucial role in determining the presence of Ae. albopictus larvae in public spaces, where small, organized urban objects and large patches of vegetation increase the likelihood of larval presence. This study highlights the potential of very high-resolution remote sensing and species distribution modeling for enhancing urban mosquito control strategies, ultimately contributing to improved public health policies outcomes in the face of vector-borne disease threats.La propagation mondiale d'Aedes albopictus soulève des préoccupations croissantes en matière de santé publique en raison de son rôle dans la transmission de la dengue, du chikungunya et du Zika. Dans le sud de la France, l'augmentation des cas de dengue importés et de la transmission locale souligne la nécessité urgente d'un contrôle vectoriel efficace. Alors que les efforts visent principalement les sites de reproduction privés, les espaces publics contribuent également notamment à la présence de larves. Il est essentiel de comprendre l'impact des paysages urbains sur la répartition des sites de reproduction pour optimiser les stratégies de lutte contre les vecteurs, identifier les zones à haut risque et réduire les populations de moustiques. Cette étude vise à étudier l’impact des paysages urbains sur la répartition des larves d’Ae. albopictus dans les espaces publics, en mettant l’accent sur les drains pluviaux et les chambres à câble de télécommunications à Montpellier, en France. Des images satellites à très haute résolution ont été utilisées pour caractériser les paysages urbains à travers des analyses texturales d'indices spectraux. Les biais environnementaux ont été évalués en analysant la représentativité des sites de reproduction échantillonnés dans les divers paysages urbains. Des modèles de distribution d'espèces (SDM) ont été construits, leur précision prédictive a été évaluée et un modèle d'ensemble a été créé pour prédire la présence de larves dans la zone d'étude. Les SDM ont prédit une forte probabilité de présence larvaire dans les parties ouest et nord-est de Montpellier, avec une faible incertitude. Les variables les plus influentes pour prédire la présence de larvaires étaient la moyenne de l'indice de végétation de différence normalisée (NDVI), des indices de texture à partir de NDVI, de l'indice de luminosité (BI) et de l'image panchromatique. La végétation urbaine influence de manière significative la présence de larves, bien que les valeurs de l'indice de végétation plus élevées soient en corrélation avec une probabilité réduite d'occurrence de larves. En outre, la combinaison de la végétation et des structures urbaines joue un rôle crucial dans la détermination de la présence de larves d'Ae. albopictus dans les espaces publics, où les petits objets urbains organisés et les grandes parcelles de végétation augmentent la probabilité de présence larvaire. Cette étude met en évidence le potentiel de modélisation de la télédétection et de la distribution d'espèces à très haute résolution pour améliorer les stratégies de lutte contre les moustiques urbains, contribuant finalement à l'amélioration des résultats des politiques de santé publique face aux menaces de maladies à transmission vectorielle
Designing and Evaluating a Health System Resilient to Extreme Weather Events in Rural Madagascar
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Adapting health systems for climate change can lessen the negative impact of climate change on human health. Even when not targeting climate-health links explicitly, broad health system strengthening interventions (HSSis) can ensure that the health workforce, infrastructure, and networks are robust enough to respond to and recover from climate-driven shocks. Objective: We explored the ability of an HSSi in a rural health district of southeastern Madagascar to serve as a climate change adaptation in response to Cyclone Batsirai in 2022. Method: We conducted interrupted time series analyses of eight indicators of infectious disease and health system performance to assess the impact of Batsirai on two zones of the HSSi. We then examined how traditional domains of HSS, such as physical and human resources, combined with less formal domains, such as collective values, influenced health system resilience during this time. Findings: We found that the majority of indicators were resilient to Cyclone Batsirai, with only vaccination rates affected in the two months following the cyclone, particularly in the zone where the HSSi had only begun eight months prior. Changes in long-term trends were rare, and, when observed, revealed a slight slowing of progress, but not a regression to historical levels. After re-establishing the road network and providing additional supplies through an emergency response, the health system was able to resume routine service delivery without further external input, and health system indicators continued to improve. The agility and responsiveness of the health workforce were enabled by formalized protocols, a culture of flexibility, open communication, and data-informed action. Conclusions: HSSis that are designed to encourage local adaptation may increase health systems’ resilience to extreme weather events, resulting in health systems better adapted to climate change overall
compte-rendu de : Susanne Luther / Pieter B. Hartog / Clare E. Wilde (eds.): Jewish, Christian and Muslim Travel Experiences. 3rd century BCE - 8th century CE, Berlin: De Gruyter 2023, in: sehepunkte 25 (2025), Nr. 12 [15.12.2025], URL: https://www.sehepunkte.de/2025/12/38823.html
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La disponibilité d'un bien exclue de l'appréciation de la disproportion
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