HAL Collection UNC (Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie)
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Surpoids chez les adolescents de la Nouvelle-Calédonie : habitudes alimentaires, temps d'écran et sommeil
No full textInfographie résumant l'article scientifique suivant : Frayon S., Wattelez G., Paufique E., Nedjar-Guerre A., Serra-Mallol C., Galy O. Overweight in the pluri-ethnic adolescent population of New Caledonia: Dietary patterns, sleep duration and screen time, The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific, Volume 2, 100025. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.100025Infographie résumant l'article scientifique suivant : Frayon S., Wattelez G., Paufique E., Nedjar-Guerre A., Serra-Mallol C., Galy O. Overweight in the pluri-ethnic adolescent population of New Caledonia: Dietary patterns, sleep duration and screen time, The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific, Volume 2, 100025. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.10002
SARRA-Py: A Python-based geospatial simulation framework for agroclimatic modeling
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/612815/)International audienceSARRA-Py is an open-source, Python-based adaptation of the long-standing SARRA crop model family–specifically building upon SARRA-H to enable spatially explicit agroclimatic simulations in tropical and data-limited environments. By leveraging Python's geospatial libraries (e.g., Xarray), SARRA-Py extends SARRA-H's proven crop physiology routines to large-scale, raster-based analyses, streamlines ingestion of diverse climate inputs with minimal preprocessing, and eases model customization via a modular code structure. Users interact with SARRA-Py primarily through Jupyter notebooks that provide guided workflows for data preparation, parameter configuration, and visualization of results. This design closes the gap between point-based crop models and broader geospatial frameworks, offering a practical tool for agricultural risk management, climate adaptation studies, and yield forecasting. Consequently, SARRA-Py fosters reproducible, scenario-based analyses and informs decision-making in vulnerable regions where water deficits, sparse ground observations, and climate variability threatens food security
« Reading landscape » 讀景 in a Mediterranean peri-alpine catchment basin: (Vallée des Duyes, Geopark UNESCO of Haute Provence, Alpes de Haute Provence, France)
No full textInternational audienceNota bene: this oral presentation in English is based on an article written in French that will be published in September 2025 Christian Depraetere, Benoît Deffontaines, Jiun-Chuan Lin, Jean-Simon Pagès, 2025. Évènements hydroclimatiques passés et actuels dans le bassin versant de la vallée des Duyes (Alpes de Haute-Provence). Revue Méditerranée, accepté pour publication.Located in the UNESCO Geopark of Haute Provence, the Duyes watershed is representative of the hydrodynamic processes of the Mediterranean peri-alpine mid-mountains with deformed sedimentary bedrock. The local archives record a major hydroclimatic event associated with ten days of heavy rainfalls affecting this valley in April 1774 with a large-scale landslide with several damages: sinking of arable land, catastrophic flooding, destruction of buildings and roads. The archives describe the events in the terms of the time: "continuous rainfall", "abundance of water from the torrents", "revolution of the earth", "openings and crevasses", etc. The documents also point out that these "strange inconceivable revolutions" were concomitantly associated with two earthquake tremors without stating if this was a cause or a consequence of the detachment of several millions tons of rock and mud masses. This event took place at the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA, 1350-1850) in the context of a densely populated rural world practicing traditional peasant polyculture in the form of mid-mountain extensive agropastoralism.The first part presents and comments the 1774 archives as an example of a geohistorian's work. The second part details the climatic and hydrogeomorphological contexts of the valley at the time based on field observations and current data, including morphometric mapping using the LIDAR digital terrain model (DTM) and torrential flood simulations. Extensive fieldworks and the expertise of the local population also form the backbone of this study. Current flood and landslide risks are briefly recalled, based on the climatology of the years 2022 to 2024, in particular in May 2023 when heavy rainfall caused gullying of dirt roads and landings at the foot of steep fields and pastures in many valley locations.This research aims to contribute to the geohistory of the environmental and human societies co-evolution, and more specifically on the interactions between hydrogeomorphological processes and the dynamics of anthropized agrofestry landscapes in Mediterranean mountain regions. It also stresses the value of practical training in “landscape reading”, following the pedagogical principle of 讀景 put forward by Professor Jiun-Chuan Lin in his magnum opus on applied geomorphology (地形學,2022)
Un Système d'Information Géographique harmonisé pour le suivi de l'adduction d'eau potable: Étude de cas de la région Haute Matsiatra à Madagascar
No full textInternational audienceThe distribution of drinking water is ensured by a number of managers in the high plateau of Madagascar mainly in the Haute Matsiatra region. Facilitating and better managing is the objective we have set. To do this, we offer a single and harmonised view of the different water supply networks to enable a better water distribution monitoring.La distribution de l'eau potable est assurée par un certain nombre de gestionnaires sur les hauts plateaux de Madagascar, principalement dans la région Haute Matsiatra. Faciliter et mieux gérer est l'objectif que nous nous sommes fixés. Pour ce faire, nous offrons une vision unique et harmonisée des différents réseaux d'adduction d'eau afin de permettre un meilleur suivi de la distribution de l'eau
Satellite monitoring of surface water and humidity to inform surveillance of environmental bacterial diseases
No full textInternational audienceBacterial diseases resulting from exposure to bacteria present in surface water and soil are generally poorly diagnosed, even though they are likely to have a major impact in terms of public health. This is particularly the case for leptospirosis and melioidosis, which are common diseases in the intertropical zone but are rarely reported in most countries. Their epidemiology remains largely linked to the rainy season, but epidemics can also be fostered by extreme climatic events such as flooding.In response to this situation, we are developing tools for predicting the environmental conditions that are conducive to the transmission of these diseases, in order to bring this knowledge to health managers and set up early-warning systems. We use information from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellites, obtained timely on a fine scale to produce a routine monitoring of relevant health indicators.This presentation will provide an update on this work, currently underway in South-East Asia, with the development of local satellite data processing capabilities and the implementation of dashboards or health information systems that integrate climatic and environmental data, with a specific focus on leptospirosis and other climate-sensitive diseases
Back to the Future: Where Do We Stand on the Piscivorous Habits of Conus striatus Nearly 70 Years Later?
No full textInternational audienceNearly 70 years ago, the fish-hunting strategy of the marine gastropod snail Conus striatus Linnaeus, 1758, was unveiled for the first time. Now, Conus striatus is one of the most recognizable and most studied conids, and some toxins (conotoxins) have been characterized from its venom. In his pioneering work, Alan Kohn showed that upon injection of venom through a harpoon-like modified radular tooth, the fish prey of Conus striatus is rapidly immobilized, within a few hundred milliseconds to a couple of seconds. The cocktail of conotoxins induces strong tetanic contractions of all muscles, with visible fasciculation (twitching) of the fish's fins. In this review, we wish to honor the memory of Alan Kohn by summarizing the current knowledge of the venom composition and biological activity of conotoxins of Conus striatus. From the 103 entries of conotoxins from Conus striatus that occur in the Conoserver database, 74 are mature conotoxin sequences and only a dozen or so have been pharmacologically characterized. Surprisingly, the major toxin class responsible for the “taser-like” effect in fish originally observed, the kA-conotoxins, remains poorly understood. Only one three-dimensional structure is known, and the molecular target and mode of action are at best uncertain. This clearly highlights that, despite the vast amount of data accumulated over the years, even for such heavily investigated species as Conus striatus, many important questions remain
OneWater FAIR Data Platform : towards a national FAIR water data platform and community
No full textInternational audienceThe French program OneWater - Eau Bien Commun (2022-2032) aims to better manage water as a common good. It generates a wide range of data (scientific, social, models) that are not yet in line with FAIR principles.To remedy this, a national FAIR platform is currently being developed. It aims to create an ecosystem of interoperable data, beyond a simple catalog, based on international standards and national and global collaborations.Three axes are being developed:1 -A survey to identify needs and build the platform with users.2- An adaptation of FAIR principles to the water sector, with grids tested on existing data.3 - A technical architecture in line with recent standards (OGC, W3C, etc.) incorporating FAIR best practices.The project reinforces access, sharing and reuse of water-related data
ReefTEMPS: le Réseau d'observation des eaux côtières du Pacifique insulaire
No full textInternational audienceWhile the rise in global ocean temperature continues its course, reaching 1.45±0.12 °C above pre-industrial level according to the World Meteorological Organization in 2023, marine heatwave frequencies and intensities increase. Consequently, coral reef ecosystems, which are among the most vulnerable environments, are strongly impacted by dystrophic events and corals experiencing increasing frequencies of bleaching events. That has devastating consequences for the Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) that strongly rely on these ecosystems. In situ observation remains the best alternative for providing accurate characterization of long-term trends and extremes in these shallow environments. This paper presents the coastal temperature dataset of the ReefTEMPS monitoring network (Varillon et al., 2025, https://doi.org/10.17882/55128; Liao et al., 2025, https://doi.org/10.17882/82291) in which moored stations are implemented over a number of PICTs over a wide region in the western and central South Pacific from New Caledonia to French Polynesia. These in situ temperature time series are unique in several ways: in the length of some historical stations dating back to 1958 for the oldest, thus providing more than 65 years of daily data; in the number of countries sampled (16 PICTs); and in the variety of coral ecosystems monitored (from atolls to high islands and from barrier reefs' external slopes to shallow and narrow lagoons). Measurement devices have evolved over the years to provide increasingly precise and frequent observations, so the ReefTEMPS network was endorsed as a French National Observation Service in 2020, a label ensuring quality-controlled and open-access data of long-term observations. All stations are publicly available in ASCII or formatted NetCDF files either in the ReefTEMPS dedicated information system, which also allows for a quick visualization of time series, or on the SEANOE marine data platform. All links and accesses to these temperature time series are provided herein. The longevity of these temperature time series allows for diagnosing long-term trends, highlighting the influence of multiple processes on temperature dynamics (e.g. internal waves, cyclones, seasonal, and climate modes) and documenting the time evolution of extreme events. All files are made publicly available on dedicated SEANOE repositories.En raison du réchauffement des océans, les écosystèmes des récifs coralliens sont fortement touchés par des phénomènes dystrophiques et les coraux subissent des épisodes de blanchissement de plus en plus fréquents. L'observation in situ reste la meilleure alternative pour caractériser avec précision les tendances et les phénomènes extrêmes dans ces environnements peu profonds. Cet article présente l'ensemble de données sur la température côtière du réseau de surveillance ReefTEMPS, qui couvre plusieurs pays et territoires insulaires du Pacifique (PICT) dans l'ouest et le centre du Pacifique Sud
Parentage Analysis in a Green Sea Turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) Population From French Polynesia Reveals a Tendency for Inbreeding and Unexpected Plasticity in Reproductive Behaviour
No full textInternational audienceThe reproductive systems of natural populations can significantly impact their genetic diversity by either preventing or promoting inbreeding. Therefore, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the mating system to evaluate a population's ability to maintain genetic diversity over time. In this study, we examine the mating system of an endangered population of green sea turtles in Tetiaroa, French Polynesia. We determine if different mating behaviours serve as strategies to avoid inbreeding. We genotyped 107 nesting females and 1483 hatchlings from 549 nests and used 23 microsatellite markers to reconstruct the genotypes of the sires. We assessed the level of inbreeding and relatedness among the parent pairs and explored the correlation between relatedness and indicators of reproductive success. We investigated the mating behaviours of both males and females and determined whether specific behaviours were linked to different levels of relatedness. We explored for the first time the relatedness bias of mating behaviours in green turtles. Our results showed that the global F is was significant in the population, and the levels of relatedness were higher than expected through random mating, indicating inbreeding and non‐random partner selection for related mates. No mating behaviours were associated with lower relatedness levels, suggesting inbreeding tolerance or preference in this population. Finally, we discovered unexpected plasticity in the reproductive frequency of females, the length of the inter‐nesting interval, and the relative timing of breeding and nesting. If confirmed in other populations and with a larger sample size, these new findings may reshape our understanding of the green turtle's intricate reproductive system.Les systèmes de reproduction des populations naturelles peuvent avoir un impact significatif sur leur diversité génétique en empêchant ou en favorisant la consanguinité. Il est donc essentiel d'avoir une compréhension globale de ces systèmes pour évaluer la capacité d'une population à maintenir la diversité génétique au fil du temps. Dans cette étude, nous examinons le système de reproduction d'une population menacée de tortues vertes à Tetiaroa, en Polynésie française. Nous déterminons si différents comportements de reproduction servent de stratégies pour éviter la consanguinité. Nous avons génotypé 107 femelles pondeuses et 1483 nouveau‐nés provenant de 549 nids, et utilisé 23 marqueurs microsatellites pour reconstruire les génotypes des pères. Nous avons évalué le niveau de consanguinité et de parenté entre les paires de parents et exploré la corrélation entre la parenté et les indicateurs de succès de la reproduction. Nous avons étudié les comportements de reproduction des mâles et des femelles et déterminé si des comportements spécifiques étaient liés à différents niveaux de similarité génétique. Nos résultats ont montré que le F is global était significatif dans la population et que les niveaux de parenté étaient plus élevés que dans un scénario d'accouplements aléatoires, indiquant une consanguinité et une sélection non aléatoire de partenaires. Aucun comportement d'accouplement n'a été associé à des niveaux de similarité génétique inférieurs à ceux de la population générale, suggérant une tolérance ou une préférence de consanguinité dans cette population. Enfin, nous avons découvert une plasticité inattendue dans la fréquence de reproduction des femelles, la durée de l'intervalle entre les nidifications et entre la reproduction et la nidification. Si elles sont confirmées dans d'autres populations et avec un échantillon plus large, ces nouvelles découvertes pourraient remodeler notre compréhension du système reproducteur complexe de la tortue verte