HAL Collection UNC (Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie)
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Réflexions autour du statut juridique de l’animal : l’exemple de la Nouvelle-Calédonie
No full textActes du colloque organisé par L. Bélanger (dir.), « L’animal domestique et le droit, le cas de la Polynésie française », 30 sept. et 1er oct. 2025, ENM, Université de la Polynésie française.International audienceThis article examines recent developments in the legal status of animals in New Caledonia through the lens of ontological pluralism. Drawing on recent reforms of New Caledonian civil law and innovative local environmental regulations—particularly in the Loyalty Islands—the analysis shows that the formal recognition of animals as “sentient beings” remains largely framed by a Western naturalist ontology inherited from Romano-Germanic legal traditions, which continues to classify animals as property. In contrast, Kanak conceptions of the living world are grounded in a relational ontology, in which humans, animals, and natural entities are embedded within a continuous network of social, symbolic, and political relations. The coexistence of these divergent ontologies within a single legal order generates significant normative tensions, made visible through attempts to hybridize legal categories—such as the recognition of certain species as subjects of rights—and through the institutional resistance of the French state. The article highlights both the current limitations of positive law in accommodating non-dualist worldviews and the broader potential of New Caledonia as a laboratory for pluralist environmental law, inviting a rethinking of core legal categories in light of diverse relationships to the living world.Cet article analyse les évolutions récentes du statut juridique de l’animal en Nouvelle-Calédonie à la lumière du pluralisme ontologique qui caractérise ce territoire. S’appuyant sur les réformes du droit civil calédonien et sur des innovations normatives locales, notamment dans les Îles Loyauté, l’auteure montre que la reconnaissance de l’animal comme « être vivant doué de sensibilité » demeure largement encadrée par une ontologie naturaliste occidentale, héritée du droit romano-germanique, qui maintient l’animal dans la catégorie des biens. En contraste, les conceptions kanak du vivant reposent sur une ontologie relationnelle, dans laquelle humains, animaux et entités naturelles participent d’un même tissu de relations sociales, symboliques et politiques. La coexistence de ces visions du monde génère des tensions juridiques profondes, révélées par les tentatives d’hybridation normative visant à reconnaître des formes de subjectivité non humaine, et par les résistances institutionnelles opposées par l’État français. L’étude met ainsi en évidence les limites actuelles du droit positif à intégrer des ontologies non dualistes, tout en soulignant le potentiel de la Nouvelle-Calédonie comme laboratoire d’un droit environnemental pluraliste, invitant à repenser les catégories fondamentales du droit à l’aune de la diversité des rapports au vivant
Conservacionismo, protesta ambiental y emergencia del ecologismo político en España, del Franquismo a la Democracia (Galicia, Aragón y Andalucía)
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this article is to provide an approach to the history of environmentalism and to bring new perspectives to the study of Francoism and the Spanish transition by analyzing environmental conflicts on a regional scale. In response to the industrial, energy and urban planning policies of the regime, the main environmental conflicts of the period between 1960 and 1986 have proved to be a perfect historical laboratory for understanding in all their complexity the profound social and political transformations of the period. The methodology employed consists of consulting municipal, regional and national archives, press analyses and subsequently comparing our case studies (Galicia, Aragon and Andalusia). Through in-depth case studies of Aragon, Galicia and Andalusia, we observe the path from popular protest against environmental injustice to the subsequent formalization of an environmentalist political ideology in the 1980s. The article aims to highlight the links between popular environmentalism, social memory and processes of politicisation of the territory during the late Franco era and the TransitionEl objetivo de este artículo es dar un enfoque a la historia del ecologismo y aportar nuevas perspectivas al estudio del franquismo y la transición española, analizando los conflictos ambientales a escala regional. En respuesta a las políticas industriales, energéticas y urbanísticas del régimen, los principales conflictos ambientales del periodo compren-dido entre 1960 y 1986 se han revelado como un laboratorio histórico ideal para comprender en toda su complejidad las profundas transformaciones sociales y políticas del periodo. La metodología empleada consiste en la consulta de archivosmunicipales, regionales y nacionales, análisis de prensa y una posterior comparación en nuestros casos de estudio (Galicia, Aragón y Andalucía). A través de los estudios en profundidad de estos casos de Aragón, Galicia y Andalucía, analizamos el camino desde la protesta popular contra la injusticia ambiental hasta la posterior formalización de una ideología política ecologista en los años ochenta. El artículo pretende poner de relieve los vínculos entre ecologismo popular, memoria social y procesos de politización del territorio durante el tardofranquismo y la Transición
Marine Bacteria as a Source of Antibiotics Against Staphylococcus aureus: Natural Compounds, Mechanisms of Action, and Discovery Strategies
No full textInternational audienceStaphylococcus aureus is a major opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide spectrum of human infections, including severe and difficult-to-treat cases. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains limits the efficacy of conventional antibiotic therapies and poses a significant global public health challenge. In this context, the search for novel antibiotics has intensified, with increasing interest in marine resources, an ecosystem still largely underexplored. Marine bacteria produce a vast array of secondary metabolites with unique structures and potentially novel modes of antibacterial action. Several compounds isolated from marine bacterial strains have demonstrated promising activity against multidrug-resistant S. aureus, including antivirulence effects such as biofilm formation and Quorum-Sensing inhibition. This review explores the potential of marine bacteria as a source of new antibiotics against S. aureus, discusses both classical and advanced strategies for the discovery of bioactive molecules, and highlights the scientific and technological challenges involved in translating these findings into clinical applications
Seasonal dynamics of mudflat foraminifera linked to diatom species and traits
No full textInternational audienceThe trophic ecology of benthic foraminifera in intertidal mudflats is closely linked to diatoms, a dominant component of the microphytobenthos (MPB). Although experimental studies and metabarcoding have clarified foraminiferal diets, in situ assessments of the temporal dynamics of diatoms and foraminifera remain limited. In this study, we examined the seasonal dynamics of adult (> 150 µm) foraminiferal species over a notable 3.5-year monthly monitoring period at the La Coupelasse mudflat (Bay of Bourgneuf, French Atlantic coast). We related these dynamics to 25 environmental variables and to diatom assemblages, focusing on their traits (size, shape, and life-form). La Coupelasse exhibited a clear seasonal pattern driven by bay hydrodynamics, which regulated the availability of redox-sensitive metals, nutrients, and MPB biomass, thereby shaping the environmental context for benthic communities. Diatom traits, whether considered individually or in combination (“size + shape + life-form”), revealed distinct seasonal strategies that complemented species-level analyses. While species-level data provided a detailed understanding of foraminiferal temporal dynamics, combining diatom traits offered a more effective way to identify seasonal dietary shifts. The four dominant foraminiferal species occupied different seasonal niches, with Ammonia confertitesta and Haynesina germanica showing synchronized biannual peaks in spring and autumn, but differed in dietary responses, as H. germanica responded only to diatom shape. Elphidium oceanense displayed a single annual peak in early autumn, corresponding to a broader trophic flexibility across diatom traits, while Elphidium selseyense showed a late spring peak and remained enigmatic regarding its diatom food preferences. Overall, using combined diatom traits outperformed both species identity and MPB biomass in predicting foraminiferal patterns, highlighting their potential to simplify diatom–foraminifera trophic ecology by overcoming diatom taxonomic constraints. These findings shed light on our understanding of benthic ecology and suggest that trait-based approaches, when integrated with spatial and microbiome data, can enhance predictions of ecosystem responses to environmental change
Decline and status of natural pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera) stocks in two French Polynesia black pearl farming lagoons
No full textInternational audienceIn French Polynesia, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera has allowed black pearl production since four decades. The production remains dependent on spat collections in atoll lagoons. Through their reproduction, the oysters of the natural stock are contributors of spats, and possibly the only contributor. After an assessment in 2013, natural stocks of Takaroa and Ahe atolls were revisited in 2022 and 2024 respectively. Results show a sharp decrease of the densities at almost all field sites, with average lagoon-wide losses by factors of 2.35 and 8.87 for Ahe and Takaroa respectively. Takaroa was impacted in 2013–2014 by a massive harmful phytoplanktonic bloom and the decrease was expected, but the population size structure shows recruitment, providing hope for farmers. Conversely, the reason for Ahe's population decline remains unclear. Likely suspects are increased periods of high temperature and predation that affect oysters at their different life stages and impact recruitment and survival
Diffamation : articulation des faits justificatifs de bonne foi et du lanceur d'alerte: Crim. 13 janv. 2026, n<sup>o</sup> 24-86.344
No full textInternational audienceLorsque le prévenu poursuivi pour diffamation fait valoir qu'il a agi comme lanceur d’alerte, il appartient à la juridiction de rechercher si tel est bien le cas, et, dans la positive, de déterminer si l'intéressé peut se prévaloir de l'excuse de bonne foi à partir des critères identifiés par la Cour européenne pour protéger la liberté d’expression du lanceur d’alerte, lesquels se substituent aux critères habituels de ce fait justificatif
Soil organic matter decomposition in semi-arid mangrove stands (New Caledonia)
No full textInternational audienceOrganic matter (OM) dynamics in mangrove forests have been studied extensively in terms of the capacity of their soils to store organic carbon. While δ13C, δ15N, and C/N values for mangrove soils and sources are well reported, other indicators of OM maturity and composition are lacking. In this study, soil OM decomposition processes were investigated for a semi-arid bay head mangrove forest in New Caledonia. Mangrove tissues and 20-cm soil cores were collected in monospecific stands of Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa. The isotopic compositions of the samples were assessed, along with their molecular compositions (lignin-derived phenols and neutral carbohydrates). Rock-Eval analysis was also performed on the samples to investigate OM characteristics. Results showed that stable isotope ratios and Rock-Eval parameters followed similar vertical trends beneath both species indicating the influence of depth on OM state. However, the more anoxic conditions beneath R. stylosa limited OM decomposition as shown by the lower TpS2 values (indicator of OM thermal stability). Neutral carbohydrates and, surprisingly, lignin-derived phenols, were lost at higher rates than bulk organic carbon beneath both mangrove species. Selective degradation of individual compounds was observed, and species-dependent variations associated with the redox conditions and the OM sources were identified. We suggest that lignin was degraded, even in anoxic environments, because of the amount of labile lignocellulosic components in the soil. These findings enhance our understanding of OM dynamics in mangrove ecosystems, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying carbon cycling and their implications for global carbon storage and ecosystem management
« The Pacific Face of Boudicca »
No full textInternational audienceA punk rock hardcore band based in Australian Newcastle, a wellness center in Australia and a fitness center in New Zealand all bear the name of Boudicca, the Icenaean queen who resisted the Romans in Britannia. At first sight, such references don't seem to have much in common with her original story but she seems to have had a series of different faces at different times, each according to the needs of the moment.Does Boudicca have a Pacific face? Are the many references to her linked to a revitalisation of Celtic culture in the Pacific or are they a reappropriation of a figure who is in any case increasingly present in the anglophone world?In order to answer such questions, the paper will examine the websites of individuals and companies in Australia and Newzealand that refer to Boudicca. My aim is to define and analyse specific testimonials to and uses made of this Celtic heroine in Australian and New Zealand popular culture. The queen appears as both a warrior and a feminist figure in the context of a globalised culture that percolates through various media such as books, TV series, motion pictures and video games. But even if for the most part this might be considered simple reappropriation, I aim to show that a Pacific Boudicca really does exist.La conférence s'est intéressée à la réception de la reine celtique Boudicca dans le Pacifique, notamment en Nouvelle Zélande et en Australie afin de définir une identité spécifique à ces territoires