HAL Collection UNC (Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie)
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    Autonomic cardiac regulation to slow-paced respiration in seated and supine positions

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    International audiencePurpose: Respiratory modulation and positional control are the main two regulators of cardiac autonomic activity. Although both slow-paced breathing and supine position promote parasympathetic regulation, their interaction remains poorly documented. Here, the objective of this work is to study the interaction between these two autonomic controls. Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers (12 males, 8 females), age of 25.9 ± 3.9 years were included in this study. They were randomly subjected to 6 different slow and controlled breathing at 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, and 7 min/cycles for 3 min in supine or seated position after a 3 min baseline recording in spontaneous breathing. ECG was continuously monitored and RR intervals (RRI), total power (Ptot), the standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN), high frequency power (HF), the root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD), and low frequency power (LF) were calculated to study autonomic regulation. Results: We observed (1) a similar increase in parasympathetic (RMSSD and LF) and overall autonomic (RRI, Ptot, and SDNN) activities in slow-paced breathing conditions, whatever the respiratory rate in comparison with control spontaneous breathing; (2) these autonomic parameters increased in sitting position, but in parasympathetic (RMSSD and LF) and overall autonomic (Ptot, and SDNN) activities interacted with respiratory control and were higher in seated slow-paced breathing. Conclusion: These results showed that (1) whatever the slow-paced breathing frequency, slow breathing favours parasympathetic control and slow heart rhythm; and (2) seated position favors autonomic cardiovascular interaction between respiratory modulation and positional control

    Marine plastic debris as a reservoir and vector of antibiotic-resistant pathogens: evidence of transmission to sea turtles in the Southwest Indian Ocean

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    International audienceMarine plastic debris provides a novel substrate for microbial colonization, potentially facilitating the spread of pathogens in marine environments. At Reunion Island (Southwest Indian Ocean), injured sea turtles undergoing rehabilitation at the K´elonia center were found to harbor antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. We hypoth- esized that these bacteria were originated from plastic debris present in the seawater pumping system. To investigate this, we isolated and characterized culturable bacteria from plastic fragments, seawater, and turtles. Bacterial identification was performed using 16S rDNA sanger sequencing, and multilocus phylogenetic analyses were conducted to assess genetic relatedness among isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was also carried out. Plastic debris, primarily composed of polypropylene and polyethylene, supported dense bacterial communities (105–107 CFU/g), in contrast to seawater which contained significantly lower loads (up to 103 CFU/ ml). Among the potentially pathogenic bacteria, Enterococcus (22 %), Vibrio (16 %), Bacillus (16 %), Staphylo- coccus (9 %), and Citrobacter (6 %) were the most prevalent. Phylogenetic analyses revealed close relationships between strains from plastics and turtles, particularly for Bacillus, Citrobacter, and Enterococcus. Notably, Vibrio strains were undetected from seawater but detected on plastics and in turtles, suggesting a possible transmission route. Phenotypic antibiotic resistances, mainly to β-lactams, were detected in 30 % of plastic-associated strains and 14 % of turtle strains. Our results suggest that plastic debris serve as a reservoir and vector for antimicrobial- resistant pathogens, potentially compromising turtle rehabilitation efforts. This potential transmission pathway may hinder the treatment of infected or injured turtles, posing a significant challenge to the conservation of these endangered species

    Droit de réponse : portée du principe d’indivisibilité: Civ. 1re 7 janv. 2026, n<sup>os</sup> 24-17.983 et 24-17.984

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    International audienceL’indivisibilité du droit de réponse s’appliquant exclusivement au contenu de la réponse sollicitée, lorsqu’une demande d’exercice du droit de réponse est présentée par plusieurs personnes, le constat que l’une d’elles n’était pas visée dans la communication litigieuse ne suffit pas à justifier le refus de publication opposé aux autres demandeurs

    "Droit de correction" : non, non et non !

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    International audienceDans un arrêt remarqué du 14 janvier (Crim. 14 janv. 2026, n° 24-83.360) et soumis à communiqué, la chambre criminelle de la Cour de cassation a affirmé qu’il n’existait aucun « droit de correction » des parents sur leurs enfants susceptible de justifier des violences commises par un ascendant sur ses enfants mineurs de moins de 15 ans

    Rapport annuel sur les droits de l’enfant : la Défenseure des droits formule plusieurs recommandations pour « une justice réellement adaptée »

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    International audienceDans son rapport « Enfant 2025 », publié le 19 novembre 2025, la Défenseure des droits dresse un bilan de la justice des mineurs. Estimant que le droit des enfants à une justice adaptée, protégé par la convention internationale des droits de l’enfant notamment, doit constituer un levier d’inclusion, elle formule 25 recommandations parmi lesquelles l’inscription dans la loi du principe d’irresponsabilité pénale des moins de 13 ans, sans exception possible, ou encore la création d’un code de l’enfance qui rassemblerait toutes les dispositions civiles et pénales concernant les enfants

    Toward an understanding of microalgae EPS-based selectivity and binding mechanisms for trace metal ions using Love wave acoustic and voltammetric sensors in seawater

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    International audienceA biosensor using microalgal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) for real-time monitoring of six trace metals in seawater, combining acoustic and electrochemical signatures for high sensitivity

    Comparative environmental law: methodological challenges and ontological perspectives

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    International audienceThis article explores the evolving field of comparative environmental law, emphasizing its methodological diversity and ontological complexity. It begins by tracing the historical and theoretical foundations of comparative law, highlighting key paradigms and schools of thought. The discussion then shifts to the emergence and limitations of comparative environmental law, particularly its underdevelopment in French legal academia and its reliance on Western analytical frameworks. Using New Caledonia as a case study, the article examines the intersection of French civil law and Kanak customary law, revealing tensions between naturalist and animist ontologies. Legislative innovations in the Loyalty Islands Province, including the recognition of legal personality for natural entities, illustrate both the potential and the challenges of ontologically plural legal systems. The article concludes by advocating for a normative, interdisciplinary, and context-sensitive approach to comparative environmental law, one that embraces legal pluralism and fosters ecological justice

    Diffamation commise par un fonctionnaire : exception de bonne foi et compétence sur l’action civile: Crim. 16 déc. 2025, n<sup>o</sup> 24-86.192

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    International audienceJustifie sa décision le tribunal qui a analysé l’ensemble des pièces produites, même postérieures aux propos, relatives à l’excuse de bonne foi pour apprécier l’insuffisance de la base factuelle. Mais méconnaît la loi des 16-24 août 1790 et le décret du 16 fructidor an III le même tribunal qui s’est reconnu compétent pour statuer sur l’action civile sans rechercher si la faute de la prévenue, agent de la fonction publique territoriale au sein d’une communauté d’agglomération, présentait le caractère d’une faute personnelle détachable du service

    Focus sur l'exécution provisoire d'une décision de justice

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    International audienceComment un ancien président de la République jugé coupable d’association de malfaiteurs dans l’affaire dite du « financement libyen de la campagne présidentielle de 2007 » peut-il être incarcéré puis libéré trois semaines plus tard ? Autrement dit, quel est l’effet de l’appel sur l’exécution d’une décision de justice de premier degré ? Et en quoi consiste le mandat de dépôt différé qui a été décerné puis levé ? Focus sur l'exécution provisoire d'une décision de justice

    Nouvelle-Calédonie

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    International audienceThis chapter analyzes the evolution of New Caledonia in the great power competition of the twenty-first century, describing it sometimes as an active subject and sometimes as an object of covetousness, particularly in light of its vast mineral wealth (nickel, cobalt) and its strategic geographical position. Its enduring ties with France position it as a key outpost in the Indo-Pacific, in parallel with its growing regional integration in the Pacific since the Nouméa Accord (1998). This contribution proposes to retrace its geopolitical history, from sovereignty claims to the competition for nickel, including recent political events such as the May 2024 riots and the Bougival Accord (July 2025). The latter—still fragile at the time of writing—grants New Caledonia competence over international relations, marking a turning point by redefining its role in regional and global diplomacy despite the constraints of collaboration with France.Ce chapitre analyse l'évolution de la Nouvelle-Calédonie dans la compétition entre grandes puissances du XXIe siècle, la décrivant tantôt comme un sujet actif, tantôt comme un objet de convoitise, notamment en raison de ses vastes richesses minérales (nickel, cobalt) et de sa position géographique stratégique. Ses liens durables avec la France la positionnent comme un avant-poste clé dans l'Indo-Pacifique, parallèlement à son intégration régionale croissante dans le Pacifique depuis l'accord de Nouméa (1998). Cette contribution propose de retracer son histoire géopolitique, des revendications de souveraineté à la concurrence pour le nickel, en passant par les événements politiques récents tels que les émeutes de mai 2024 et l'accord de Bougival (juillet 2025). Ce dernier, encore fragile au moment de la rédaction du présent article, accorde à la Nouvelle-Calédonie la compétence en matière de relations internationales, marquant un tournant en redéfinissant son rôle dans la diplomatie régionale et mondiale malgré les contraintes de la collaboration avec la France

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