Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung / Journal of East Central European Studies (ZfO)
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Marta Cobel-Tokarska: Desert Island, Burrow, Grave. Wartime Hiding Places of Jews in Occupied Poland.
Get PDFNew Construction or Reconstruction: Town Planning in the Administrative District of Zichenau (1939–1945)
No full textUsing Ciechanów and Płock as examples, this article discusses the different strategies German urban planners pursued in occupied Poland to adapt the existing cities in terms of infrastructure, aesthetics, and ideology. Characteristic here is the multitude of actors involved and the far-reaching consequences of their decisions on the reality of occupation for the civilian population. This leads to the question of the extent to which architecture and urban planning should be understood as an integral part of German occupation policy.Using Ciechanów and Płock as examples, this article discusses the different strategies German urban planners pursued in occupied Poland to adapt the existing cities in terms of infrastructure, aesthetics, and ideology. Characteristic here is the multitude of actors involved and the far-reaching consequences of their decisions on the reality of occupation for the civilian population. This leads to the question of the extent to which architecture and urban planning should be understood as an integral part of German occupation policy
The Propaganda Exhibition “The Beautiful Town—Entschandelung and Design”: Stops in the “German East”, 1940–1942
No full textThe traveling exhibition “The Beautiful Town—Entschandelung and Design,” initiated by the Deutscher Heimatbund under Werner Lindner (1883–1964), toured the German Reich starting in 1938. Selected buildings of the organizing municipalities were integrated into the exhibiton. The Lehrschau visualized “bad buildings,” “advertising excesses” and their “ridding of disgraces” (Entschandelung), and attempted to present design principles. Werner Lindner and the German League for Homeland Protection thus positioned themselves alongside the official monument authorities. They succeeded in establishing legal foundations for these measures, which were mostly aimed at the facades of buildings. In 1943, the exhibition was discontinued due to the war, but its traces can still be found in surviving buildings until today. The design goals propagated were significant for German architecture in the postwar period. The exhibition can be seen as a counterpart in the field of architecture to the well-known propaganda show “Degenerate Art.” The starting point was the Entschandelung of Semlower Street in Stralsund in 1937. This term refers to the phenomenon of modern building cleanup, to the ideas of the German homeland security movement, and to the redevelopment of old towns in the first third of the twentieth century, which can only briefly be touched upon here. The special relationship to the “German East” became clear in Lindner’s design principles. These, with the works of ancient Prussian master builders and examples of site-specific building in the March of Brandenburg, had their basis in a building culture that was seen as inspired by the “German East.” The plans for the reconstruction of East Prussia during the First World War were another factor that has to be taken in account here. The conception of the “East” as an area in need of reorganization and planned settlement was shared by the exhibition initiators with other National Socialist protagonists of the “German East,” thus “The Beautiful Town” became part of Heinrich Himmler’s Volkstumspolitik. The presentations of the exhibition in Poznań (Posen), Łódź (Litzmannstadt) and Litoměřice (Leitmeritz) serve as examples of this.The traveling exhibition “The Beautiful Town—Entschandelung and Design,” initiated by the Deutscher Heimatbund under Werner Lindner (1883–1964), toured the German Reich starting in 1938. Selected buildings of the organizing municipalities were integrated into the exhibiton. The Lehrschau visualized “bad buildings,” “advertising excesses” and their “ridding of disgraces” (Entschandelung), and attempted to present design principles. Werner Lindner and the German League for Homeland Protection thus positioned themselves alongside the official monument authorities. They succeeded in establishing legal foundations for these measures, which were mostly aimed at the facades of buildings. In 1943, the exhibition was discontinued due to the war, but its traces can still be found in surviving buildings until today. The design goals propagated were significant for German architecture in the postwar period. The exhibition can be seen as a counterpart in the field of architecture to the well-known propaganda show “Degenerate Art.” The starting point was the Entschandelung of Semlower Street in Stralsund in 1937. This term refers to the phenomenon of modern building cleanup, to the ideas of the German homeland security movement, and to the redevelopment of old towns in the first third of the twentieth century, which can only briefly be touched upon here. The special relationship to the “German East” became clear in Lindner’s design principles. These, with the works of ancient Prussian master builders and examples of site-specific building in the March of Brandenburg, had their basis in a building culture that was seen as inspired by the “German East.” The plans for the reconstruction of East Prussia during the First World War were another factor that has to be taken in account here. The conception of the “East” as an area in need of reorganization and planned settlement was shared by the exhibition initiators with other National Socialist protagonists of the “German East,” thus “The Beautiful Town” became part of Heinrich Himmler’s Volkstumspolitik. The presentations of the exhibition in Poznań (Posen), Łódź (Litzmannstadt) and Litoměřice (Leitmeritz) serve as examples of this
Katharina Aubele: Vertriebene Frauen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Engagement in Kirchen, Verbänden und Parteien, 1945–1970.
Get PDF"The Beginnings of Polish Jewry: Reevaluating the Evidence for the Eleventh to Fourteenth Centuries "
No full textThis article reexamines the evidence of Jewish presence in Poland from the eleventh to the fourteenth centuries in connection with problems of origins, periodization, and localization of Jewish settlement in Poland. It deals inter alia with questions regarding the balance be¬tween Jewish and Christian evidence, as well as with reports of Jewish presence from neighboring areas of Eastern Europe such as Kievan Rus’. The reevaluation of evidence on medieval Polish Jews helps to illuminate the origins of eastern Ashkenazi Jewry, as well as to clarify diverse aspects of the history of early Eastern Europe. Thus, for example, among the most important general conclusions is the lack of continuity across three waves of Jewish migration and settlement in Poland. Since most Polish Jews were descendants of the third wave of Jewish migration into Poland, there is little doubt that the vast majority of them came from Germany and Bohemia, mostly via Silesia. We can also reliably con¬jecture that the Jewish population of southwestern Rus’—whatever its origins (possibly also at least partially Ashkenazi) and size (possibly reduced by the Mongol conquest)—came to be integrated with immigrants from the west due to the eastward expansion of Lithuania and Poland during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Thus, most modern Ashkenazi Jewry must go back to the melding of these two communities.This article reexamines the evidence of Jewish presence in Poland from the eleventh to the fourteenth centuries in connection with problems of origins, periodization, and localization of Jewish settlement in Poland. It deals inter alia with questions regarding the balance be¬tween Jewish and Christian evidence, as well as with reports of Jewish presence from neighboring areas of Eastern Europe such as Kievan Rus’. The reevaluation of evidence on medieval Polish Jews helps to illuminate the origins of eastern Ashkenazi Jewry, as well as to clarify diverse aspects of the history of early Eastern Europe. Thus, for example, among the most important general conclusions is the lack of continuity across three waves of Jewish migration and settlement in Poland. Since most Polish Jews were descendants of the third wave of Jewish migration into Poland, there is little doubt that the vast majority of them came from Germany and Bohemia, mostly via Silesia. We can also reliably con¬jecture that the Jewish population of southwestern Rus’—whatever its origins (possibly also at least partially Ashkenazi) and size (possibly reduced by the Mongol conquest)—came to be integrated with immigrants from the west due to the eastward expansion of Lithuania and Poland during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Thus, most modern Ashkenazi Jewry must go back to the melding of these two communities
Vladimír Krejčí: Poznamenaný. Deset měsíců s Janem A. Baťou. [Gezeichnet. Zehn Monate mit Jan A. Baťa.] Hrsg. von Martin Jemelka.
Get PDFKatalin Tóth: I love Budapest. I bike Budapest? Urbaner Radverkehr in der ungarischen Hauptstadt, 1980–2014. (Schnittstellen. Studien zum östlichen und südöstlichen Europa, Bd. 13.)
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