2882 research outputs found
Sort by
Factors affecting purchase intention of fast food among generation Z in Kluang, Johor
No full textFast food industry is mushrooming over the years due to the high demand from consumers. Life of many people have greatly changed due to rapid urbanization, added with busy lifestyle and advancement in technology. Generation Z can be defined as people who born between 1995 - 2012, particularly for high schooner’s up to 24 years old. Consumption of fast food has become a trend and it remained popular among Generation Z. However, study on factors affecting purchase intention among generation Z towards fast food is lacking in the literature. The main aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting generation Z's purchase intention of fast food. This study used survey method. Questionnaire had been distributed to 400 respondents after its reliability had been checked using Cronbach's Alpha test. This study was carried out in Kluang, Johor and the respondent was sampled using convenience sampling method. Data has been analyses using SPSS software. Descriptive statistical tests were used to analyses socio-demographic profile. Next, exploratory factor analysis revealed seven factors which were 'service quality', 'food value and restaurant environment', 'food quality', 'price', 'promotion attractiveness', 'humanic clues' and 'health and marketing'. The three most important factors found were 'service quality', 'food value and restaurant environment' and 'food quality' with the total variance explained 40.7%. Understanding on factors affecting purchase intention can be beneficial to food marketers in order to improve their performance in producing a good and high quality of food which can satisfy customer's needs
Optimization of protease-treated Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for broiler feed
No full textInsects have been recognized as a potential source of protein for both human food and animal feed. Hermelia illucens or commonly known as black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are a type of insect that can feed and develop on a wide range of feed sources such as on kitchen waste, dairy manure, chicken manure as well as human feces. This insect has been used as an alternative protein source for a lot of animal feeding including fisheries and poultry. However, the digestive system of animals is not fully efficient. Thus, animals including broiler usually would not be able to fully digest all sources of nutrient upon consuming the feed. Most of the time, nutrient especially protein is being wasted through the animal's manure. Therefore, it is important to find an effective way to improve protein absorption of BSFL so that broiler will be able to completely digest all of the nutrients from the feed formulation. In order to overcome this problem, protease was produced and used to treat the BSFL so that protein in the BSFL can be converted into amino acids, thus improving broiler's nutrient absorption. In this study, the optimum condition for obtaining the highest decrease in protein content (%) of the BSFL was being investigated by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A model of Central Composite Design (CCD) with three variables: volume of water (5-8 mL), volume of protease (100-300 µL) and time of incubation (30-90 min) were used to study the response variable which was the decrease in protein content (%). From this study, the protein content of the BSFL before and after the treatment was able to be identified and compared by performing protein analysis. The data analysis generated by Design Expert Software version 11 showed that the model is significant at p < 0.05 which affected the response variable. The effect of the variables and parameters was studied by using a 2D counter plot and 3D response surface graph. The software suggested that the optimum conditions were 5 mL of water, 100 of protease and 30 minutes of incubation time for treating the BSFL in order to obtain 10.5266% decrease in the protein content
Kajian Terhadap Kritikan Sosial Dalam Filem One Two Jaga (2018)
Get PDFPenyelidikan dan hasil kajian yang dilakukan mengenai kritikan sosial yang dipaparkan oleh
arahan Namron dalam filem One Two Jaga yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2018. Kritikan Sosial
dalam filem memaparkan bagaimana kehidupan yang berlaku dalam masyarakat sekarang yang
merupakan cerminan masyarakat. Berdasarkan kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti serta
menganalisis apakah isu-isu sosial yang terdapat dalam serta apakah yang mendorong unsurunsur
isu sosial ini berlaku. Pengkaji telah menggunakan kaedah kualitatif iaitu dengan membuat
analisis kandungan pada filem tersebut. Antara isu sosial yang dipaparkan oleh Namron ialah
tentang golongan unit beruniform Polis Diraja Malaysia yang melakukan jenayah rasuah, isu
sosial pendatang asing tanpa izin yang ditindas. Keseluruhannya, kajian ini mampu memberi
manfaat dan contoh yang baik bagi tujuan kepada penyelidik dalam mengkaji isu-isu kritikan
sosial.
KATA KUNCI : Kritikan Sosial, isu sosial, politik, masyarakat, filem, One Two Jag
Kajian Semangat Nasionalisme Dalam Filem Ola Bola (2016)
Get PDFNasionalisme merujuk kepada kefahaman mengenai rasa cinta yang tinggi terhadap bangsa dan tanah air. Penyelidikan dan hasil kajian dilakukan mengenai semangat nasionalisme dalam sebuah filem drama sukan hasil garapan Chiu Keng Guan iaitu Ola Bola yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2016. Pemaparan semangat nasionalisme diperlihatkan hasil daripada babak-babak yang terdapat di dalam filem ini. Kajian ini turut membahaskan definisi nasionalisme yang sejajar dengan semangat nasionalisme di dalam sebuah filem berbentuk sukan. Pengkaji telah menggunakan kaedah kualitatif iaitu dengan membuat analisis kandungan berdasarkan filem tersebut. Semangat nasionalisme dapat ditunjukkan misalnya melalui perkataan dan ucapan, tingkah laku serta perbuatan.
Kata Kunci: Semangat Nasionalisme, filem, sukan, tanah air, Ola Bol
Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity of Muntingia Calabura (ceri kampung) fruit
No full textMuntingia calabura or locally know as ceri kampung is an indigenous plant species that belongs to Elaeocarpaceae family and widely distributed in tropical region including Malaysia. The species is traditionally believed could treat common ailments due to its active pharmacological activities of bioactive constituents. However, the potential of M. calabura fruit is considered not extensively explored and researched. In this present study, the extract M. calabura in methanol was analysed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum (FTIR), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and further evaluated its antioxidant activities by Total Phenolic Content and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Besides, the antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties of M. calabura were assessed based on Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and brine shrimp lethality test. FTIR analysis exhibited the presence of functional groups (hydroxyl group, methylene group, acetyl group, amide group and carbohydrate) and gallic acid that represents high total phenolic content that was determined by HPLC. The presence of active metabolites determined by DPPH assay also showed antioxidant properties of M.calabura. From cytotoxicity activity, the result obtained indicated it’s possibly potential as anticancer with improved isolation of bioactive suggested. In conclusion, these findings determined the bioactive compounds of M. calabura has antioxidant properties and potential anticancer that can be improved with proper modification prior to its extraction in further study
Improved bioplastic properties of modified cassava starch (Manihot Esculenta) with graphene oxide
No full textThe current problems plastic facing nowadays is it mainly derived from petroleum based which is not environmental friendly, high cost and also hard to degrade in nature. Cassava starch was used in order to replace the current materials as cassava starch is low cost and also environmental friendly. The objective of this study is to prepared cassava starch enforced graphene oxide and also to characterize the mechanical, morphology and structure of the bioplastic. In this study, bioplastic made from cassava starch (CP) modified with graphene oxide in different concentrations (1%,3% ,6% ,and 10%) were prepared as preliminary study for future potential food packaging. Several analysis were carried out such as the mechanical properties exhibit an increase value of tensile strength and young modulus. There were also an improvement of water resistance for the modified bioplastic. Moreover, the degradation of the prepared CS/GO bioplastic shows the lowest rate of degradation of C/10% GO compared to pure cassava bioplastic that lost nearly 50% of its initial weight. Fungus observation under optical microscope also showed that C/GO of 6% and 10% concentration can withstand against the fungus present up to 4 weeks. In conclusion, with the exploration of the mixture cassava with graphene oxide, the improvement of the bioplastic properties could be expected and further investigation on this study is highly suggested to explore the properties
Potential of Cinnainonium iners (Medang Teja) wood on its chemical composition and biological activity
No full textThe wood of Cinnamomum iners (Medang Teja) believe to give multiple beneficial especially in traditional usage. However due to the lack of studies regarding this species made this species unable to express its full potential being commercialized by the industry. Thus, this study is prosecuted with the objectives to evaluate the chemical composition and analyze the biological activity of extractive and essential oil derived from Cinnamomum iners (Medang Teja) wood. The samples that evaluated comprises of 100%, 1%, 2%, 3% essential oils and extractive evaluation of chemical composition are conducted through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas-Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Meanwhile analysing of its biological activity is made through antifungal and antimicrobial activity. The results found that, the functional group presents in all the samples shared one similar functional groups which is aliphatic hydrocarbons. For 100% essential oil, the functional groups are aliphatic propionate ester, aliphatic hydrocarbons and tertiary aliphatic alcohols. 1%, 2%, and 3% essential oil consist the same functional groups which are olefins, aliphatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic acetate esters. Meanwhile, extractives have aliphatic hydrocarbons and primary aliphatic alcohols. Through GCMS, the major compounds found in the samples are 2(1H)-Naphthalenone, octahydro-, trans-Linalool, .beta. Fenchyl alcohol, Camphor, Benzene, ethyl- (CAS) EB. The similar compound found in all samples are Linalool, terpinene-4-ol, Terpineol, Copaene, Cadinene. From the antifungal analysis, it is proven that all of the samples have the ability to hold the antifungal traits, as all the samples shows the effects of inhibitory on both brown rot, Coniophora puteana and white rot fungi, Pycnoporus sanguineus. The most susceptible organisms are the Coniophora puteana which showed a lower average diameter of inhibition zone for all the sample. Lastly, the samples shown a positive result in being antimicrobial agents for both gram negative, Escherichia coli and gram positive, Staphylococcus aureus
Life cycle assessment of particleboard
No full textThe Life Cycle Assessment Method was used in this study to assess the environmental impacts of the particleboard. The objective is to analyse the chemical content of the particleboard and to identify the impact of particleboard towards the environment. Environmental issues have become the main concern in the world, and the use of formaldehyde as a binder of particleboard that can lead to human carcinogens. This life-cycle analysis consists of four stages, which are based on ISO 14044 and ISO 14040. The phases are goal and scope definition phase, the inventory analysis phase, the impact assessment phase and the interpretation phase. The categories of impact that had been assessed were global warming, abiotic resource depletion, human toxicity, ecotoxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity, ozone layer depletion, photochemical oxidation and terrestrial ecotoxicity. In the product analysis step, the particleboard was examined using the FTIR computer. The FTIR system can produce results consisting of a material that is embedded in the particleboard. The results were further analysed using the openLCA. With the aid of the FTIR study, this software provides the final results for particleboard life-cycle evaluation. As a consequence, the development of particleboards applied 100% to all environmental parameters, except for abiotic resource depletion and ozone depletion
Formulation and characterization of Piper belle nanoemulgel for anti-microbial activities
No full textThe aim of this study was to formulate and characterize the nanoemulgel containing Piper betle essential oil. The nanoemulgel was formulated using blank nanoemulsion (FO), nanoemulsion with 1:4 (F1) and 4:1 (F2) ratio of soybean oil to Piper betle oil and thickening agent. The formulation of nanoemulgel was done based on the ternary phase diagram from the previous study that produced a large nanoemulsion region. The essential oil of Piper betle was extracted by using steam distillation method and analysed by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) to observe the functional group present. The mean droplet size of nanoemulsion were 41.00 nm, 161.05nm, and 27.67 nm for FO, Fl, and F2 respectively. It was confirmed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel were characterised by using Tyndall effect, physical appearance test, spreadability test and pH test. The Piper betle nanoemulgel produced was tested on Staphylococcus aureus to investigate its affectiveness on antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial assay test was conducted to measure the diameter of inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus. The statistical analysis shows that there was a significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05). Nanoemulgel can be used to serve a better stability, permeation and suitable viscosity for the delivery of drugs. Nanoemulgel can influences a better skin penetration as it consist of small droplets size containing essential oil as the active ingredient
Study on characterization of thin film based on Glutaraldehyde modified starch and propylene glycol
No full textPlastics are being used all over the world but its disposal has threatened the environment. Thus this work outlines the synthesis of a biodegradable plastic that can meet the demand and can be disposed to the environment, Synthesis of biodegradable plastics was done using starch compiled with glutaraldehyde, propylene glycol and poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) which also called thermoplastic starch. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is produce to replace the plastic productions that give many side effect to the environment and living thing. The tensile strength, FTIR analysis, moisture content, biodegradability and capacity of water absorption of the films were carried out to identify the film properties. The effect of glutaraldehyde modified starch plasticized with different amount of propylene glycol (PG) and the addition of PVA were analyzed by all the method and test. The plasticizer percentage that was used is 20% and 50% based on starch weight. The tensile strength of the TPS thin film sample increase when the percentage of PG increase. The addition of PVA make the TPS thin film more water resistance and increase the tensile strength. The moisture content of TPS thin film sample depend on the higher the percentage of propylene glycol, the higher the moisture content in TPS sample. TPS thin film sample with 20% of PG with PVA showed the highest tensile strength, 4.27N/mm2 and sample with 50% of PG has the highest moisture content which is 18.66%. Overall, can be conclude that the plasticizer concentration and the addition of PVA significantly influence the properties of the TPS thin film