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Picture Capture Rate Index and Activity Pattern of Malayan Sun Bear in State Land Forest, Merapoh, Pahang
No full textAccording to recent studies, the Malayan sun bear are illegally trade because of it meat and some other part of it body which is very common in traditional Chinese medicine. Local people's information on the status of the species in the wild is undiscovered in Peninsular Malaysia, but the danger of the species trade is well known. As that hunting pressures on the species pushes them closer to extinction, it is important to determine the naive population of Malayan sun bear via picture capture rate index and at the same time to determine activity pattern of the species by the selected approach which is camera trap to ensure the survival of the species. A total of 13 camera traps have been deployed for two months started from August 2019 until October 2019 and each of the stations was determined using random systematic sampling at a distance of 2 km. As the result, seven Malayan sun bears Welarctos malayanus) were successfully captured by image on three stations which is UMK04, UMK10 and UMK11 with total detection of 44 photographic events. Overall, the Picture Capture Rate Index of Malayan sun bears in 13 stations recorded is 1.36 showing the presence of species in the study area. However, the values cannot indicates whether the species high or low density in population as it only focuses solely on determining the naïve population of the species. Moreover, the species are active both daytime (57.14%) and night (42.86%). In brief, understanding about the species among local people needs to be broadened in order to increase public awareness through continuing research
Log production by states in peninsular malaysia: a 10 years review
No full textABSTRACT
Malaysia is one of the countries that comprise tropical rainforest. Malaysia has been rehearsing Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) since 1901. Due to lack of research on the trend of timber production in Malaysia, this research is significant in providing the trend of log production in order to have a view on the current and future production. This study aims to analyse the trend of log production by states in Peninsular Malaysia in ten years (2008-2017) and predict the production in 2030. The secondary data of log, sawn timber, plywood and veneer production acquired from the Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia were used to analysed the result. In general, Peninsular Malaysia showed an inclining trend of wood production. Then, prediction of wood production until 2030 was estimated using moving average method. Moving average method was used to predict the production of wood production by types until 2030. Then, a statistical analysis using chi-square was applied to test the relationship between types of wood production in every state. Chi-square test showed that the production of log, sawn timber, plywood and veneer have a significant relationship within each state which supported the estimation of wood production using MA method. State government must take initiatives to prevent from forest degradation by improving the forestry management
Seed germination of wild Sesamum Radiatum with optimised temperature and chemicals treatment
No full textSesame is a member of Pedaliaceae family and belongs to the genus Sesamum. They are origin from Africa and comprise of 36 species. These species is generally known as black benniseeds and sesamum. It is cultivated mainly for oilseeds and hold national importance as traditional plant. These plants requires the better practice of germinating the S.radiatum seeds for determining their quality and suitability for planting. The aimed of this research to find the suitable method that increases the gradiatuin plant through germination process. However, these research have two main objectives to be achieved: (i) to find the effective methods in seed germination of S.radiatum and (ii) to observe the growth and development stages of S.radiatum seedlings. In this research, two treatment method have been used to improve the seed germination such as water and chemical treatments. In which the water treatment has three categories of (1) soaked in warm water for a few seconds then soaked for 24 hours in room temperature, (2) soaked in hot water for a few seconds and (3) soaked for 24 hours in temperature. Both (1) and (2) categories involved the use of different temperature range from 15°C to 90°C with the increment of 15°C each. Moreover, chemical treatments were also been used involving five types of chemical such as hydrochloric acid (0.2%) solution, sulphuric acid (0.2%) solution, nitric acid (0.2%) solution, gibberellic acid (500 ppm) and thiourea (0.5%) solution. The average growth of chemical treatment was more effective than water treatment. All the chemical treatments showed positive results of seedlings growth. Alternatively, not all the water treatments showed positive result, some seeds prefer to germinate at minimum temperature of 15°C while others start germinate at maximum temperature of 60°C. In the first category of water treatment, the germination capacity increased at minimum temperature and begin to decrease in the germination capacity as the temperature increases. Conversely, the highest germination capacity of second category of water treatment was at maximum temperature of 60°C. A high germination capacity was achieved when the seeds were soaked in thiourea solution followed by nitric acid and gibberellfc acid. The results obtained in this research show that the seeds of S.radiatum have been experiences exogenous dormancy which can be overcome by water and chemical treatments. The species of seeds that shows dormancy behavior, it was advisable to develop an effective strategies to ensure a uniform seedling development and greater and homogenous percentage of seed germination. The results of this research provide an important information on effective techiques used to improve the seed germination S.radiatum
Daily activity budget of plantain squirrel (Callosciurus notatus) through field observation
No full textA study to determine the daily activity of Plantain squirrel (Callosciurus notatus) was been carried out in orchard area at Merapoh, Pahang from 25th July until 23rd August 2019. Direct observation method by using a binocular was used to observe the activities done by this species from 0730 to 1130 hours and 1430 to 1830 hours. To record C. notatus activity, the predetermined activity categories were used. The results revealed that, C. notatus used most of their time to forage (57%), followed by being inactive (30%), travelling (7%), other activities (5%), interaction (0.79%), and the least is grooming (0.57%). The squirrels are mostly actives doing their activities during morning compared to the evening. Wilcoxon signed-ranked test was used to demonstrate the significant different between morning and evening of each activities. Due to unfavourable condition such as weather and noisy sound around the orchard area lead to the above results. Hopefully this study can help other researches to understand more about the daily activity of C. notatus
Tourist satisfaction on ecotourism facilities and services in Taman Negara National Park, Sungai Relau in Merapoh, Pahang
No full textSatisfaction of tourists is the reflection of the performance quality in the development of tourism industry in Malaysia from different aspects. This is very important in the ecotourism industry in Malaysia where more than half of the total land area is covered by forests. Taman Negara National Park (TNNP), Sungai Relau in Merapoh, Pahang has decline number of incoming tourists since 2017 and this trend raises the research motivation to find out the reasons behind this result. The purpose of research is to study the expectation and performance scores of tourists towards the ecotourism facilities and services in TNNP and collect the feedbacks and suggestions for improvement and the future development. The analytical method used in this study is using Expectation-Performance Analysis Grid method adapted from Sapari, M. S. et at. (2013). The results showed that overall tourists are not satisfied with the quality of ecotourism facilities and services provided by TNNP and also local communities in Merapoh, Pahang. This research recommends that TNNP and local communities have to improve their service quality and facilities to increase satisfaction of tourists and also create their loyalty to TNNP and also Merapoh ecotourism industry
Usage of virgin coconut oil for production of low glycemic rice
No full textVirgin Coconut Oil is widely used for internal health such as reducing the heart disease risk and cholesterol, diabetes and insulin resistance, reduce weight and enriched with vitamin E. Nowadays, majority people suffering from these diseases because of unhealthy eating habits that are mainly practiced by Malaysians who love to take rice as their staple food and unlimited the rice portion per day. Therefore, this oil is adding in the rice. The objective of this study is to reduce the glycemic index in white rice (common rice consumed by. Malaysian compared to brown rice and basmati rice) which is high in sugar content. GI is the measurement of carbohydrate foods which increases the blood sugar level of a person when eating that food. The exact way to detect GI of rice is difficult, expensive and long period. Therefore, the inexpensive and easier methodology is to detect the glucose concentration using DNSA method, enzyme amylase and detected using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. It is cheap, easy and short period. The glucose concentration of each sample of white rice, brown rice and basmati rice was measured every 2 minutes to 20 minutes and then white rice was treated with VCO. The oil is added before booking, during cooking and after cooking and compared to the concentration of rice glucose before the oil is added. Cooking method is boiling. The final results showed that adding virgin coconut oil during cooking reduced the glucose concentration compared to the VCO added in white rice before and after cooking. The results also showed by adding the VCO in the rice has the lowest glucose concentration compared to brown rice and basmati rice. This method help reducing the glucose concentration in white rice and can be practice by consumer that want healthy living in cheap and easy way
Comparative study of VitAto flour and wheat flour on proximate analysis and the effect of addition of wheat flour to VitAto flour
No full textVitAto is one of the variety of Ipomoea species or known as sweet potato. It is one of the crucial staple food that being cultivated in Malaysia. It growth abundantly in this country however in term of its utilization, this sweet potato's variety are still underutilized. Therefore, this study aim to produce a flour from sweet potato variety that is VitAto and compare the nutritional value of this VitAto flour with commercial flour as well as to investigate the effect on physicochemical properties when adding VitAto flour to wheat flour. The proximate analysis was performed to determine the moisture content, ash, protein, crude fat and carbohydrate. This result obtained from this study indicates that VitAto flour contain high in carbohydrate (81.35%) and lower in moisture content (11.57%), ash content (3.17%), crude fat (1.02%) and protein (2.88%) compared to commercial wheat flour whereas 57.37% carbohydrate, 13.31% of moisture, 9.12% ash, 2.82% crude fat and 12.79% protein. The physicochemical properties analysis shows that increasing ratio of VitAto flour in wheat flour, will increase the properties in term of water absorption index and water solubility index while decreasing in fat absorption index. This study found that VitAto flour capable to be an alternative for wheat flour and also can be utilize as multipurpose flour in many food product especially for bakery goods
Comparative studies of physicochemical and texture profile analysis of sweet potatoes (Ipotnoea Batatas) cookies from different variation of sweet potatoes
No full textSweet potato possesses superb nutritional values and can be grown easily in hot and humid climate. In Malaysia, sweet potatoes are commonly used in making traditional snacks and sweet dessert despite that sweet potato has greater potential for utilization to other new food products. This study was carried out to formulate cookies with partial substitution of wheat flour with orange or purple-fleshed sweet potato. The cookies were prepared from the formulation blend of sweet potato and wheat flour in the substitution level of 20 % and 40 %. The proximate composition, physical and textural properties of formulated cookies was studied. The proximate analysis results depicted that sweet potato incorporated cookies had higher moisture, ash and carbohydrates contents but lower crude protein and crude fat as compared with the control cookies. The cookies incorporated with sweet potato also presented significantly greater spread ratio and diameter than the control. The results of texture profile analysis indicated that partially substitution of sweet potato for wheat flour significantly decreased the hardness of cookies but unaffected to the attributes of springiness. Thereby, it can be concluded that sweet potato has potential use in development of cookies or other bakery products with enhanced nutritional quality
Usage of virgin coconut oil for production of low glycemic rice
No full textVirgin Coconut Oil is widely used for internal health such as reducing the heart disease risk and cholesterol, diabetes and insulin resistance, reduce weight and enriched with vitamin E. Nowadays, majority people suffering from these diseases because of unhealthy eating habits that are mainly practiced by Malaysians who love to take rice as their staple food and unlimited the rice portion per day. Therefore, this oil is adding in the rice. The objective of this study is to reduce the glycemic index in white rice (common rice consumed by. Malaysian compared to brown rice and basmati rice) which is high in sugar content. GI is the measurement of carbohydrate foods which increases the blood sugar level of a person when eating that food. The exact way to detect GI of rice is difficult, expensive and long period. Therefore, the inexpensive and easier methodology is to detect the glucose concentration using DNSA method, enzyme amylase and detected using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. It is cheap, easy and short period. The glucose concentration of each sample of white rice, brown rice and basmati rice was measured every 2 minutes to 20 minutes and then white rice was treated with VCO. The oil is added before booking, during cooking and after cooking and compared to the concentration of rice glucose before the oil is added. Cooking method is boiling. The final results showed that adding virgin coconut oil during cooking reduced the glucose concentration compared to the VCO added in white rice before and after cooking. The results also showed by adding the VCO in the rice has the lowest glucose concentration compared to brown rice and basmati rice. This method help reducing the glucose concentration in white rice and can be practice by consumer that want healthy living in cheap and easy way
Modification of common starch into resistant starch in cassava through optimization of physical and chemical treatment
No full textMalaysia was in 52nd place out of 113 countries for diet diversification categories. Even though tubers or cassava are grown widely but it is still not be acknowledged as a staple crop. Modification or improvement on cassava could overcome some lacking in it to continue supplying carbohydrates as the main source of dietary energy consumption. There are a lot of methods in determining an optimized condition to obtain desired results to classify the factors or variables when conducting research and some of them have few limitations that require serious attention. This study will formulate an optimized condition in modifying common starch into resistant starch using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and analyze resistant starch content by conducting crystallinity index analysis using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The methodology involved preparation of cassava sample from raw cassava purchased at the market and processed it into powder form, optimization of parameters which are the addition of oil, autoclave duration and cooling duration using Response Surface Methodology (RSM); crystallinity index analysis using X-Ray Diffractometers and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The results obtained from both analyses were recorded in RSM to observe the suggested and optimized parameters to modify the resistant starch content. RSM suggested that the addition of oil should be 9.999% (wlw), the autoclave duration should be for 40.597 minutes and the cooling duration is at 28 hours in order to achieve maximum crystallinity index