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Geology and deposition of volcaniclastic in Nglanggeran formation at Patuk Area, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFThe research study was located at Patuk area, Gunung Kidul Indonesia, Yogyakarta, with coordinate of 7'49'17.67"S to 7°52'0.16"S for the latitude and 110°28115.17"E to 110°30'58.2"E for the longitude. The geological information of Patuk area must be updated for current usage as the latest geological map was in scale 1: 100 000, where the accuracy of the map is decrease because of the large scale. The first objective for the research is to produced geological map with scale of 1: 25 000. The geomorphology, the structural geology and the lithology unit of Patuk area was observed, measured and analyzed in order to produce geological map. The historical geology for Patuk area can be determined and explained based on the geological study. The research specification was made in study area, where the formation that was focused on is Nglanggeran Formation. The deposition and lithology unit of Nglanggeran Formation consist of volcaniclastic sediments. Therefore, the method is different from the method used in sedimentary rock. Lithology log of volcaniclastic sediments was made and analyzed, based on the rock fragment size and mineral composition. The petrographic analysis play important roles in both geological mapping and research specification as the dominant lithology for Nglanggeran Formation is volcanic rocks. The second and third objectives were achieved based on the analysis of the research specification. The facies analysis was made based on the lithology log where there were four type of different facies in Nglanggeran Formation in study area. The deposition environment was determined based on the facies analysis and lithology log. The depositional environment for Nglanggeran Formation in study area is submarine environment
Establishment of In Vitro of VitAto with Treatment of KIN and GA3 Hormones
Get PDFMicropropagation is the technique that involve the rapid vegetative propagation of plants under in vitro conditions of high light intensity, controlled temperature and a defined nutrient medium. Through micropropagation,not only huge amount of plants can be produced in short time, the specified or desired features can be added until it reaches the desired result of the plants. In this study, sweet potato(Ipomoea Batatas) is used.Sweet potato (Ipomoea Batatas) is one of the biggest consumed food in the world along with rice, maize, barley, wheat, cassava and potato.VitAto is another one of the new variety of sweet
potato available that is known to have good potential in nutritional and functional values. At Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI), the researches
have shown that this variety has higher content of Vitamin A (β-carotene). The problem statement of this study is a large number of loss will happen if we use conventional
methods to propagate VitAto. For this study, the explant nodes will be used to be micropropagated. It is easier to be manage and surface sterilize the nodes. The explant node
will be surface-sterilized before used. In this study, 10 different surface sterilizing method were used. Method D seem to be the best method for the explant survival with 37.33% rate of survival. This method use the combination of 70% ethanol, 5% hydrogen peroxide, 0.5% fungicide (Mancozeb) and 2 drops of Tween 20. The hormones used will be mixed into the media during media preparation. This study is aimed to increase the production of VitAto using micropropagation technique in optimum environment with the best ratio of hormones as supplement for the optimum growth of plant tissue. For this study, kinetin (KIN) and gibberellins (GA3) were used and the ratio of 0.01mg/l of KIN and 0.1mg/l GA3 is the best combination ratio for the root and shoot growth
Properties of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCL) Treated Sawdust-Reinforced Polyethylene Composite
Get PDFIn this research, composites based on untreated, treated sawdust and pre-treatment on treated sawdust with Polyethylene (PE) were prepared using injection moulding machine. Raw sawdust was chemically treated with 1-butyl-3-metylimidazeluim Chloride (BMIMCL) and Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) to improve the properties of composites. The amorphous and crystallinity were studied using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Results from flexural testing and tensile testing that indicate mechanical properties enhanced when pre-treated occurred on sawdust reinforced PE composites compared to without pre-treatment. The surface morphologies obtain from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) possess surface roughness and weak interfacial adhesion, while the pre-treatment sawdust with CTAB showed improved in filler-matrix interaction. This indicate that better dispersion of the sawdust with PE matrix occurred upon chemical treatment of sawdust
Simbolisme Instrument Pemujaan Alam Mistik Melayu Dalam Karya Seni Instalasi.
Get PDFKajian pada karya ini adalah memberi fokus utama terhadap simbolik instrument pemujaan alam mistik di masyarakat melayu. Hal ini menarik pengkaji untuk membuat kajian mengenai alam mistik adalah kerana ia merupakan alam yang tidak boleh diterokai oleh minda manusia yang normal dengan mudah malahan masyarakat melayu di Malaysia sangat sinonim dengan alatan-alatan yang melibatkan alam mistik ini. Malahan konsep yang sukar untuk difahami dalam alam mistik telah mendorong kepada pengkaji untuk mendalami ilmu disebalik alam lain ini. Selain itu, pengkaji menggunakan aliran seni halus iaitu seni instalasi untuk dijadikan visual kepada alam mistik dengan menggunkan
bahan-bahan media yang bersesuai seperti alatan dari bahan ritual serta warna-warna akrilik, cat minyak, turpentine dan abu arang serta bahan lain yang berkaitan. Di hujung kajian ini karya instalasi akan menggunakan visual yang mengaplikasikan hasil gabungan dari imaginasi serta maklumat yang diperoleh semasa melakukan kajian ini dengan menggunakan konsep pemerhatian serta maklumat dari soal selidik yang telah dianalisis
Monitoring Silver Catfish (Pangasius sp.) Demands and Red Tilapia (Oreochromis Mossambicus sp.) in Jeli Kelantan 2019.
Get PDFIn Jeli, there is no study about the demand of silver catfish and red tilapia. the purpose of this study is to monitoring the silver catfish demand and red tilapia in Jeli, Kelantan. The objective of this study is to to collect data on the demands of silver catfish and compared with the demands of red tilapia at three location, which are Jeli town, Ayer Lanas, and Kuala Balah in Jeli, Kelantan in 2019. A total of 15 fishmonger were selected in this 3 location in Jeli. The methods use in this study is survey questionnaire, which is face to face interview. The data collected were being analysed by using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) Statistics 25.0. In the result showed, there are no significant different between 3 location in Jeli but the total sale of silver catfish is less than to total sale of red tilapia. In conclusion, we reject the alternative hypothesis which is different of catfish demand and red tilapia demand between 3 location in Jeli and we
accept the null hypothesis which is there was no different of catfish demand and red tilapia demand between this 3 locations in Jeli
Potential of the biodegradability & the characteristics of bioplastic from microalgae residues
No full textPetroleum-based plastic has been widely used in many industries, however, it takes hundredth years to degrade and cause pollution to our environment. These problems lead to the invention of bioplastic that comprises of natural biopolymer from starch. The production of bioplastic from food-based starch such as tapioca and corn created competition between food and bioplastic making industries. Hence, this research study focus on producing bioplastic from microalgae residue which is a non-food based raw material that used four different types of plasticizers which are glycerol, sorbitol, glutaraldehyde and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Identification of microalgae species obtained from the fish pond at University Malaysia of Kelantan being done before thecultivation of microalgae species for 14 days. The microalgae residues were extracted out through the centrifugation process. Three species were identified under the light microscope, Chlorella sp., Scenedasmus sp. and Monoraphidium sp. The production of bioplastic involved a manual stirring method by using hotplate magnetic stirrer and then bioplastic was dried in the oven at 60°C. Results obtained showed that sorbitol and glycerol are suitable to be used as a plasticizer for the production of bioplastic from microalgae but not glutaraldehyde and PEG. Bioplastic that used PEG and glutaraldehyde was cracked and brittle after the drying process. The characterization of bioplastic that included universal tensile testing machine (UTM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and biodegradable test being proceed on glycerol-based and sorbitol based bioplastic. Characterization of bioplastic proved that both glycerol and sorbitol have high potential in the application for human daily life. Bioplastic that used sorbitol as a plasticizer can be applied in the production of plastic goods such as toys and household items due to its good resistance toward stress and less flexible. While bioplastic that used glycerol as a plasticizer can be applied in the production of plastic bags and plastic food wrap since it is stretchable and flexible
Production of organic fertilizer from hostel food waste by composting method
No full textFood waste is one of the issues that can cause great harm to the environment as well as to humans. Hostels in a boarding school are one of the contributors to food wastage in landfills because the food is prepared in large quantities. The main focus of this study is to convert the food waste into compost and to assess the physical and chemical properties of the compost as well as to compare the physical and chemical properties with soil. Food waste was collected from the hostel and was left to degrade for two months. The finished products produced in this research are black in colour and have an earthy smell. Three treatment of output were prepared which are T0, T1, and T2 in this study. The results obtained revealed that the concentrations of physicochemical parameters in T0, T1, and T2 were in the range of; 7.35-7.65 for pH, 0.59-1.03 g/cm3 for bulk density, 21.13-63.88% for humidity, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of 0.11-2.10%, 48.29-76.97 mg/L, and 0.88-49.33 mg/L respectively. In conclusion, the statistical tests of significance using ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between the values bulk density, moisture content, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in T0, T1, and T2 except for the pH
Characterisation and kinetic studies of Poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-co-HFP) polymer inclusion membrane for the Malachite Green (MG) extraction
No full textPolymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) was introduced in order to overcome the imperfection of supported liquid membrane (SLM) such as leaching of solvent, instability and short lifetime. In this study, PIMs was applied as an intermediate membrane to facilitate the extraction of aqueous cationic dye (Malachite Green; MG) from the feeding phase to the receiving phase. The fabricated PIMs consist of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-co-HFP) as base polymer, bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (B2EHP) as carrier, dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as plasticizer and tetrahydrofuran (THF) as diluent. It was then characterised physically by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), contact angle and water uptake, whereas the chemical properties of PIMs are determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and ions exchange capacity (IEC). The formulations of PIM were varied by altering the composition of carrier B2EHP to determine the optimum PIM for the MG extraction. As a result, the PIM with 18% w/w PVDF-co-HFP, 21% w/w B2EHP, 1% w/w DOP and 40% w/w THF shows the optimum membrane for the extraction. The average extraction efficiency obtained from the membranes is >97%. In kinetic studies, the experimental data were fitted to the kinetic models and it showed that pseudo-second-order model gives the best correlation coefficient, R2. This indicates that the MG extractions were performed under chemical sorption mechanisms
Methods in cellulose extraction from kenaf core fiber via ammonium persulfate mediated oxidation
No full textThe greenery approach using ammonium persulfate oxidation using the kenaf core was studied through production of cellulose. The optimisation done on the methods using ammonium persulfate, with its low toxicity and low cost has successfully proven that ammonium persulfate (APS) is one of the feasible chemical methods to be used in laboratory scale. Kenaf core with low utilisation due to its low cellulosic content now had a turnover into the production high value added products with lower consequences. Methods that been implemented on a study highly influences the desired yield. Previous research has been done on the cellulose production using several chemical and mechanical methods. This study focused on the underutilised kenaf core as main cellulose source for the production of cellulose Several methods, Method 1(pre-treatment+APS oxidation), Method 2(APS oxidation) and Method 3(APS oxidation) were tested in this study in order to choose the optimum methods to be used for the cellulose extraction. Parameter such as amount and molarity of ammonium persulfate and reaction time were optimised to get the optimum process parameters. In order to analyse the cellulose properties that been produced through the optimised methods, few characterisation were carried out through FTIR and XRD. The qualitative analysis, FTIR on three methods demonstrated the presence of carboxyl group at C6 of kenaf core with the presence of (C=O) and (O-H). The disappearance of peak at 1730 cm-1 and 1580 cm-1 proved the removal of non-cellulosic components such as lignin and hemicellulose. Further characterizations on crystallinity of the produced cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in Method 3 were tested through XRD. The crystallinity of fresh kenaf core in NC2 exhibited the highest range of crystallinity, 37.5% compared to other samples. Further analysis on morphology through SEM of selected samples from Method 1 and Method 3 exhibited rod- like shape and the extent oxidation of ammonium persulfate being exposed to kenaf core fibers.This study highlighted that ammonium persulfate with its optimum process parameters highly influence the production of cellulose. For recommendation, that further study should be carried out in order to achieve cellulose nanocrystals with highest crystallinity which could be used to produce high value added products
Investigation the properties of silicone based and oil palm based antifoam
No full textAntifoaming agent is substance that have special properties on reducing, preventing and destroying the formation of foam. Foam is a compound that generated during the industrial processing. Silicone based antifoam is the common antifoaming agent used in the industry. However, usage a silicone oil alone is insufficient and low effective to reduce the formation of foam. As well as, oil palm based antifoam that show a potential to reduce the foam of formation. Modification its formulation is needed to enhance the efficiency of these antifoam and to achieve the desired outcome. Thus, in this experiment, formulation of silicone based antifoam and oil palm based antifoam were modified by adding the additives with an appropriate condition and process. The antifoaming agent were tested in different concentration of surfactant using several method testing namely hand shaking test (Bartsch method), automatic stirrer testing and gas bubbling method. Besides, the properties of both silicone based and oil palm based antifoam were analysed the shelf life, pH level, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, chromameter test, liquid density and viscosity testing. Both of silicone based and oil palm based antifoam are investigated in prevention of foam formation with different concentration of surfactant. Silicone based antifoam is better compared to oil palm based antifoam when undergo several methods. The foam formation is well prevented or destroyed by using silicone based antifoam in shorter time taken. Oil palm based antifoam shows its potential in preventing the foam formation even time taken longer compared to the silicone based antifoam