2882 research outputs found
Sort by
Production of biogas from palm oil mill effluent in anaerobic condition using water displacement method
No full textAbundance production of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) cause a big harm towards the environment. Therefore, it can be benefited through production of biogas by utilizing POME as substrate. The aim in this research itself is to determine the volume of biogas that can be produced via water displacement method, to study the effect of certain value of parameter that are pH of 5.5, 40:60 inoculum-substrate ratio and temperature of 50 °C applied to the solution and identify the characteristics of POME measured according to the standard method. The characteristics of POME were analysed with 241.2 mg/L of BOD, 2207 mg/L of 0.2 µl undiluted raw POME for COD, temperature of 27.22 ± 0.02 °C, conductivity of 3564.33 ± 15.08 µs/cm, total dissolved solid of 2222.33 + 8.73 g/L, pH value of 4.76 ± 0.01, 11.43 ± 0.94 % of dissolved oxygen and oxidation-reduction potential of 308.83 ± 2.68 mV. The average volume of biogas obtain is 46.5 + 17.5 ml by the applying pH of 5.5, 40:60 inoculum-substrate ratio and temperature of 50 °C towards the sample
Optimization of DNA extraction of enriched iron-reducing bacteria from tropical freshwater stream sediment for metagenomic analysis
No full textIron reducing bacteria (IRB) promote the reduction of iron oxides in anoxic soils and sediments and play a major role in the cycling of these metals and other elements such as organic carbon in aqueous environments. Previous studies investigating the IRB focused on cultivable microbial composition. The composition of IRB can be varied greatly in the environment and some of them cannot be detected by the conventional method. Thus, there were limited researches about IRB distribution in Malaysia tropical river environment. The DNA from enrichment was extracted for metagenomic analysis. Enrichment incubations were conducted by using different concentration of electron donors. Then, the Fe (II) reduction concentration on hydrous ferrous oxide (HFO) was investigated. In general, higher concentrations of electron donors resulted the high production of Fe2+. The survival of IRB in different concentration of Fe (II) was believed to be associated in determining the microbial composition and microbial shift in the enrichment and environment during reduction process
Removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution using Kenaf core fiber as adsorbent
No full textIn the present study, the use of low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent kenaf core fiber has been reported as an alternative to the current expensive methods of removing Malachite green (MG) dye from aqueous solution. The characteristics of MG dye and kenaf core fiber were studied using FTIR analysis. Besides that, the adsorption of MG on kenaf core fiber was confirmed by FTIR study, as it showed the change in characterization before and after adsorption. The effects of different variables such as adsorbent size, adsorbent dosage, the effect of initial dye concentration at different contact time and pH were investigated and optimal experimental conditions were ascertained. 2 g of 0.710 mm adsorbent at pH 10 was fixed as an optimum condition for this research. Two adsorption models which are Langmuir isotherm model and Freundlich isotherm model were employed in this study to predict the adsorption mechanism. In spite of that, the adsorption favours more to Freundlich isotherm model compared to Langmuir isotherm model. In this research, Freundlich isotherm model is chosen as the most suitable for adsorption as the adsorption capacity was 0.9919 mg/g whereas for Langmuir isotherm model it is just 0.0484 mg/g. Furthermore, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order were used to evaluate the rate of adsorption for kinetic modelling. As a result, the value of R2 for pseudo-second-order are closer to 1 and this model yields better fittings for the adsorption of MG dye compared to pseudo-first-order kinetic model. This research proves that kenaf core fiber can be applied as a low-cost attractive option for removal of MG from aqueous solution
Adsorption and desorption study of malachite green using coconut frond biochar in packed bed continuous system
No full textThe present research work focuses on the adsorption and desorption of the Malachite Green (MG) dye by coconut frond biochar (CFB) in a packed bed continuous system. The MG dye which was discharged in the effluent from the batik industry will pollute the water source. The abundance of coconut frond (CF) from the coconut plantation can be used as the adsorbent in dye adsorption. The CFB from the carbonisation of CF was characterised by using the analysis of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunaeur-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The physical and chemical properties of the CFB showed the ability of it on the adsorption of dye molecules. The initial dye concentration and flow rate of the dye effluents across the packed bed of CFB was studied for the adsorption process. The initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L and flow rate of 4.2 mL/min were the optimum parameters for the MG dye adsorption by the CFB. The desorption process was studied by using HCl and the percentage of desorption of MG dye from CFB was found as 95.20% for the first cycle. Three kinetic models- Thomas Model (TM), Adams-Bohart Model (ABM) and Yoon-Nelson Model (YNM) were applied to study the kinetic part in the continuous column adsorption. The TM and YNM were fitted to the parameters of 100mg/L and 200mg/L
The influence of drying temperature on preservative penetration in Sentang wood (Azadirachta excelsa)
No full textSentang wood is a fast-growing species. Sentang wood has disadvantage which is poor durability towards termite and fungus attacks. Preservative is a method to improve the durability of wood against termite attacks and fungus decay. The objectives for this research was to investigate the effect of different drying temperatures on preservative treatability in Sentang wood. In addition, the suitable drying temperature for preservative treatment of Sentang was also examined. In this research CuAZ was used as preservative. Before the preservative treatment, the wood was dry under air-drying condition, temperature of 60, 80, 100 and 120°C. Results from wood drying showed that Sentang wood dried under temperature of 120°C has the faster drying time compare to the other drying conditions. While Sentang wood dried under air-drying condition has the longest drying time. For preservative retention test, the wood samples were place in vacuum chamber under 181.3 kPa pressure for 10 minutes and then wood samples were soaked in CuAZ solution under atmospheric pressure for 30 minutes. The weight of each sample was measured before and after treatment. While, for preservative penetration, the wood samples were cut at 1 cm length interval and percentage of preservative coverage area of the cross-section of each 1-cm-length sample was analysed by using image analysis software. The results obtained were as follow: drying at temperature of 120°C showed the highest preservative retention and penetration. However, the values were very low compare to the other fast-growing species. This is probably because Sentang wood has high amount of deposits substance and extractive that prevent the preservative penetrate into the wood. It is suggested longer soaking time or penetration under pressure are needed to improve the amount of preservative penetrate into the wood
Study on characterization of thin film based on urea modified starch and propylene glycol
No full textThis study has been conducted on thin film urea modified starch. The main problem in this research is because of the production of plastic in the industrial, the production of plastic is from petroleum-based chemical, which cannot decompose. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of plasticizers (PG) on the cross-linker of urea modified starch in produce thin film and identify effect PVA addition on urea modified starch. Samples were prepared with different concentration PG (30% w/w and 50% w/w) with presence and absence PVA as the reaction between PG and PVA will give various effect to the thin film. The first stage of the research is the making thin film by blending starch, urea, propylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol. Further, it tested the moisture content, water absorption, soil degradability, tensile strength and FTIR analysis. High moisture content of the sample resulted to the sample 50% w/w with PVA as well as the thickness of the sample. Tensile strength which having the highest value is thin film 30% w/w with PVA. Meanwhile, the highest percentage in water absorption is sample 50% w/w without PVA. The characterization also tested with FTIR machine showed the main function group presence such as amine, hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl group. For soil burial test, the result shown that thin film with the presence of PVA is taking longer time to degrade than the absence of PVA. In this research, the influence of PVA on PG plasticizer affects the properties of thin films
Geology and petrographic analysis of volcanic product in Mandalawangi, Pandeglang Regency, Banten
Get PDFThis research is about geology and petrographic analysis of volcanic product in Mandalawangi, Pandeglang regency at Banten. The study area which is Mandalawangi is surrounding by four different volcanoes which are Mount Aseupan, Mount Pulosari, Mount Parakasak, and Mount Karang. The study area is lies on the caldera, this is the reason why the area consist a lot of volcano. Previous geological map of the study area were found in scale of 1:100,000 by Santosa, (1991 ).Through mapping and observation that has been made for this research, the scale of the map was increase to 1:25,000 and this mapping also has add more detail data of geological information such as geomorphology, lithology, and stratigraphy of the study area. The area of Mandalawangi is mainly covered by volcanic igneous rock which is Andesite unit and Tuff unit. This research also provided new information about the mineralogy and petrology of the study area. The analysis of the volcanic product has been done by petrography study of the thin section of sample to identify the mineralogy of the rock and also by using geochemistry analysis which is X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis in order to recognise the elemental composition in the sample of rock and to determine the sources of the rock by using TAS diagram. From the result and interpretation of petrographic analysis and geochemistry analysis, all of the samples were classified into Andesite rock unit. This analysis proved that the volcanic products of the study area were coming from the same magma sources and magma series which is calc-alkaline series. The differences of the mineral size occurred due to the different time of eruption
Geology and tsunami hazards in carita area, Pandeglang Regency, Banten, Indonesia
Get PDFCarita, Banten is aligned between longitude E 105°49'46.63" to E 105°49'46.545" and latitude S 6°17'29.557" to S 6°20'10.055" in Pandeglang Regency at the most west part of Java Island. The study area covers approximately 25 km2 area. The main objectives of this research are to update the geological map of the study area in scale of 1: 25,000 and to analyses the geological hazard (tsunami hazard) in the study area. The methods used to produce geological map is by field mapping and Geographic Information System (GIS), while for the tsunami hazard map is by secondary data (data collection from Centre of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation) and also using GIS to do the zonation. Based on the observation during field mapping, the study area is mostly covered by alluvium soil and beach sediments. The Young Volcanic Rock Unit which consists of basalt is come from Mt Asupan from Holocene age. There is no structure been founded because of heavy excavation and human activity such as agriculture and plantation. For tsunami hazard analysis, the methods that been use for this research is more to measurement and calculation from secondary data that collected from Centre of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation Indonesia
Geology of fault analysis in Palanro kec Mallusetasi keb Barra, Indonesia
Get PDFResearch area is located in Palanro of Mallusetasi District, Barru regency, South Sulawesi Province. The research area located on northwest of South Sulawesi. This area has a complex geological structure, as well as 3 tectonic plate movements which forms many structures such as joints, folds, and fault. The method used in fault analysis are lineament analysis, kinematic analysis and dynamic analysis. The lineament analysis will be used for determination of major fault in the study area. Kinematic and dynamic analysis will conducted in order to identify the type, movement and major force of the faults in the study area as well as the effect of the fault to the study area. The main purpose of conducting the geological research is to recommend the risk mitigation against geo hazard such as earthquake, flooding and landslide in Barru. There are Salo Jampue strike-slip fault determined in the study area which occurred during Miocene which creates geological structures such as shear joints and folds. The principle stress direction are relatively in NE-SW direction
Geology of Bukit Buluh, Marang, Terengganu and 3d seismic interpretation of abu field of Terengganu Offshore
No full textThere are two study areas for this research. The first study area is located in Marang, Terengganu with longitude of 103° 8'11.90"E to 103°10'57.10"E and the latitude of 5°13'12.00"N to 5°10126.20"N. The study area covers approximately 25km2. For this research, it covers the preparation of updating geological map by conducting geological mapping in the study area. Based on the field study that has been conducted, three types of meta- sedimentary rocks were identified which consists of schist, phyllite, and slate. Further recognition of these rocks is done by analysis of petrography. The second study area is located in Terengganu offshore of the Malay Basin. The data of Abu Field is acquired from Petroliam Nasional Berhad. For this research, it covers the seismic interpretation in order to determine the potential of hydrocarbon. The data interpretation is done by using The Kingdom 2018 software that interprets the stratigraphic and structural traps in the seismic section which potentially can be a trap for hydrocarbon. There are three sequence boundaries which can be identified and be named as SJ1, SJ2 and SJ3. The oldest part of the sequence is named as NI, followed by N2 and the youngest sequence is N3. There is an unconformity between NI and N2 which is separated by SJ1. There are also structural geology that can be found such as thrust fault and anticline which can be a hydrocarbon trap in Abu Field