2882 research outputs found
Sort by
Removal of Metamifop using foxtail palm fruits as potential activated carbon
Get PDFThe rising demand on rice as staple food by the increasing human population urges the farmers to extensively protect their crops from infestation by using agrochemicals. Excessive utilization of agrochemical herbicides has caused a major issue of water pollution. A newly developed post-emergence formulation herbicide that has been studied is known as Nominee-M which consists of an active ingredient known as metamifop. Metamifop is widely used in herbicides to protect crops from weed infestation. This study was conducted to investigate the potential and efficiency of foxtail palm fruits as a potential activated carbon for the removal of metamifop. The activated carbon was produced from foxtail palm fruits through the chemical activation process by using nitric acid (HNO3). The effect of adsorbent dose, contact time, and initial metamifop concentration toward the efficiency of the prepared activated carbon in removing metamifop was studied in this research. Adsorbent dose of 3 g recorded the highest percentage of metamifop removal which was 85.71% while adsorbent dose of 1 g recorded the lowest percentage of metamifop removal which was 77.99%. The effective adsorbent dose of 3 g was selected and used for the experiment on the effect of contact time. For the effect of contact, 60 minutes has recorded the highest percentage of metamifop removal which was 86.65% while 150 minutes has recorded the lowest percentage of metamifop removal which was 62.76%. The effective adsorbent dose and contact time of 3 g and 60 minutes respectively were selected and used for the experiment on the effect of initial metamifop concentration. For the effect of initial metamifop concentration, 10 ppm has recorded the highest percentage of metamifop removal which was 86.65% while 18 ppm has recorded the lowest percentage of metamifop removal which was 46.43%. 10 ppm was chosen as the optimum initial concentration of metamifop that is efficient for the removal of metamifop by activated carbon made from foxtail palm fruits. The highest percentage of removal obtained at optimized value of 3 g, 60 minutes and 10 ppm was 86.65%. The study has proven that through adsorption of metamifop by activated carbon made from foxtail palm fruits have the potential to reduce metamifop in water resources that has been contaminated
Determination of antimicrobial activity by defence fluid of Macrotermes Carbonarius on selected soil microbes
No full textMacrotermes carbonarius soldiers are able to deliver painful bites using their large mandibles and secrete the defence fluid when sensing danger environment. From previous studies, the soldier of various termite species produce potent defensive secretions that can have antifungal and antibacterial properties but little is known about their effectiveness to fight against various types of microbe found colonizing in their mound. In addition, there is no previous study done on the interaction of defence fluid of M. carbonarius and their soil microbes. This study explored the antimicrobial activity of defence fluid of M. carbonarius against selected soil microbes using Kirby Bauer Test Disk Diffusion and its Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were analyzed by using Tukey post hoc test ANOVA. Four different concentration of defence fluid crude extract (0.5mg/ml, 1.0mg/ml, 5.0mg/ml and 10.0mg/ml) were used and based on the result obtained, the crude extract successfully showed its MIC against Unknown Bacteria 001 and Unknown Bacteria 002 at concentration of 5.0mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml respectively. Both Unknown Bacteria 001 and Unknown Bacteria 002 shows the diameter of inhibition zone with overall mean and standard deviation of 7.00 ± 1.128mm and 7.50 ± 0.674mm respectively. These findings, together with the present results indicate that antimicrobial properties of termite defence fluid could be used as a source of natural products providing a new solution against the problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and used as a reference for any further research on defence fluid of termites
Diversity of termite in oil palm plantation, FIMA Bunga Tanjong, Kuala Balah, Kelantan
No full textThe area of oil palm is rich fauna biodiversity. However, there is still a lack of research on oil palm plantation in Malaysia. Thus, in FIMA Bunga Tanjong, Kuala Balah, Kelantan, this study was conducted to assess the diversity of termite. The objective of this study is to determine the species richness oftermite at FIMA Bunga Tanjong and to identify the relative abundance of termites at FIMA Bunga Tanjong. Standardized line transect method with 100 m x 2 m used to collect termite samples and divided into 20 sections. Each section has a size of 5 mx 2 m. Termites were collected within 30 minutes by two people. Termites were manually collected using forceps and kept in 80% ethanol. The study was carried out between June and August 2019. In this research, a total of 119 hits comprising 14 species of termites from two families (Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae) and five sub-families (Coptotermitinae, Termitinae, Rhinotermitinae, Macrotermitinae and Nasutitermitinae), were obtained. The diversity of termite in the area is affected by ecological factors such as the soil pH, soil temperature, soil humidity, leaf litter, and canopy cover. Tanjong FIMA Bunga has a high diversity of termite which is H'=2.639. The Shannon Wiener Index obtained that amount with complete evenness which is 0.747. Globitermes sulphureus is the dominant termite species. The soil and wood interface-feeder has a higher diversity of termites. The builders of an epigeal mound are more diverse in the study. In short, there is high diversity of termites in FIMA Bunga Tanjong. Therefore, more studies and research are required to determine the species riches and relative abundance of termites in oil palm plantations in order to achieve termite biodiversity in oil palm plantations
Activity pattern of wild fetid in state land forest Merapoh, Pahang
No full textA study to describe the activity pattern of wild felids was carried out in State Land Forest Merapoh Pahang, Malaysia, using camera traps, over a period of 2 months 513 within trap night. 13 camera traps with the brands of six Browning and seven Reconyx were used and setup in Merapoh to get data activity pattern of the wild felids that have in the State Land Forest. With this method, four species of wild cats were detected in the period of this study which is leopard (Panthera Pardus), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), golden cat (Catopuma temminckii). The use of camera traps provided detailed information on the occurrence and activity patterns of these relatively secretive mammals. All species that have been record by the camera trap is one picture for one species. From the data that have been pool together by the present of the species, the activity pattern of the species has been identifying for each species. This study can be improved by the adding the number of the camera trap, increase the time period of the study and the last one is help form the expert. In conclusion, this study has potential to provide the information of the activity pattern on the wild felids in their nature habitat
Development of interactive application for classification of Artocarpus Species
No full textThe demand of automated tools has been increasing regarding to the lack of people that expert in taxonomist. The aim of this research is to identify the classification of Artocarpus species by using interactive application and the effectiveness of the interactive application for classification of Artocarpus species. This study focusses on identification and classification of selected Artocarpus species which are A. heterophyllus, A. altilis, A. integer and A. odoratissirnus belong to genus Artocarpus and family Moraceae through their morphological and features extraction by using image processing method. Support Vector Machine (SVM) will be used to get the highest accuracy for the classification of Artocarpus species. The combination of Prewitt algorithm, Canny alogorithm, Gray-Level co-occurrence matrix will be used in SVM. This study capable to provide the results for current accuracy data representation of the selected Artocarpus species. The development of Graphical User Interface (GUI) for classification of Artocarpus species help user to identify and differentiate the species in faster and easier way especially botanist, taxonomist, and researcher. This system can increase the accuracy and speed of the processing and extraction of features from digital images of leaves samples. A Graphical User Interface utilizes a combination of devices and technologies to give a platform where users can interact with and producing information. This study shown the comparative results by using different algorithms which are GLCM, Canny, and Prewitt for all data samples. Support Vector Machines has been provided a good performance as an identification model and produce outstanding results for classification of Artocarpus species. GLCM achieved the highest accuracy which recorded 89% of the overall accuracy for the classification of Artocarpus species where A.altilis and A.odoratissimus achieved 100% accuracy, A. heterophyllus achieved 87% accuracy, and ofA.integer achieved 67% accuracy. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been designed successfully to classify the plant species belong to genus Artocarpus
Distribution and anatomy of Etlingera spp. in Jeli, Kelantan
No full textA sampling on genus Etlingera was conducted in selected trails throughout Agro Techno Park of Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus and surrounding Jeli District. In Agro Techno Park of Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, there were some areas that have been set aside for agriculture uses. Furthermore, the development in Jeli has increased with the construction of housing area and government office. As a result, the wild ginger species population may have been affected by the urbanization, land cultivation and agriculture activities. There is no previous study regarding the distribution of Etlingera spp. in Jeli, Kelantan. Hence, there is no record of the distribution of this member of Zingiberaceae family. This study resulted in inventory of four species from the genus Etlingera which are Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Sm., Etlingera megalocheilos (tariff.) A.D. Paulsen, Etlingera rubrostriata (Holttum) C.K. Lim and Etlingera punicea (Roxb.) R.M. Sm. The morphological characteristics for each plant part were discussed. In addition, the anatomy for leaves, petioles, roots, pseudostems and rhizomes of each plant was examined and identified under microscope. Detailed descriptions, pictures of the plant specimens, microscopic view for each plant parts and distribution maps generated using Geographic Information System (GIS) were presented in this paper. This study will provide a baseline data for the Etlingera species distribution which is important for further studies. Due to their importance and values such as medicinal and pharmacological potential, nutritional properties and cultural values, further bioprospecting studies are necessary to be conducted in future
Shrubs enumeration in Sabak Beach, Kelantan
No full textCoastal forest plays a vital role in our ecosystem because of its numerous and varied human use. In Malaysia especially Kelantan, there are a lot of coastal forest that are not recognised or has been introduced as forest that consist of many biodiversity that can be important and useful for development and management of forest. Due to this situation, the study were conducted to identify the shrubs species exist, abundance, density, frequency and diversity occurred and also to describe the soil and water quality parameter at Sabak Beach, Kelantan. All shrubs species were identified and enumerated by using systematic plot sampling method. Diversity index and Abundance parameter was computed to characterise the floristic composition. In total of 3752 shrubs plants representing 28 species belong to 24 genera in 17 families were identified within 0.05 hectare found with total value for Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’) of 1.67 for the entire study area. Most species form the dominant Euphorbiaceae family on loam soil followed by the Capparaceae family with silt soil and the least dominant is sandy soil with species Vitex rotundifolia and Ipomaea pes-caprae. Water quality studies show that only one point have been contaminated. To be conclude, in Sabak beach, Cleome viscosa and Croton bonplandianus have been identified as dominant among all 28 species found in all quadrats where both species are also high in density and frequency. In this case, only certain species can grow and be able to survive in different habitats. In addition, types of soils and water quality in the study area play an important roles for the factors of the tree species that growth around Sabak Beach which it can be seen that during this study area was conducted
Analysis of antimicrobial activity by defence fluid of Coptotermes Curvignathus on selected wood microbes
No full textThe foraging ability of subterranean termites in microbe-rich environment was reported to contribute and push forward for evolution of termite' inner defence mechanisms. However, there are limited information about termite defence fluid resistance and inhibition against microbes. In peninsular Malaysia, currently there is no study done on defence fluid of Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren and hence this will be the first study on interaction of C. curvignathus and microbes colonizing in its habitat. One gram positive (CCN 6) and one gram negative (CCN 2) bacteria were isolated from nest of C. curvignathus selected as test microbes. Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were selected as screening microbes also. Crude extract of C. curvignathus was diluted to 0.5mg/ml, 1.0mg/ml, 5.0mg/m1 and 10.0mg/m1 to identify Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Disk diffusion assay was applied by placing disks of C. curvignathus crude extract on agar plate spread selected bacteria. Measurement of inhibition zone and statistical analysis were done to determine antimicrobial activity of C. curvignathus crude extract. Based on the result, the antimicrobial activity increases when the concentration of C. curvignathus crude extract increases. The minimum inhibitory concentration is different on different type of bacteria. Gram positive bacteria is less susceptible to C. curvignathus crude extract compare to Gram negative bacteria. The average inhibition zone of CCN 2 is 3.2mm ± 1.86 while average inhibition zone of CCN 6 is 1.0mm ± 1.38. The average inhibition zone of E. coli is 2.9mm ± 1.55 while average inhibition zone of B. subtilis is 2.2mm ± 1.13. Moreover, there is no significant difference between antimicrobial activity of C. curvignathus crude extract and antibiotic disks (Gentamicin). Therefore, it is concluded that C. curvignathus crude extract has similar antimicrobial effectiveness as antibiotic. This study can be preliminary reference for any further research on antimicrobial properties of termites defence fluid
Analysis of pesticide residue of raw goat milk by using GC-MS
No full textMilk is considered as a complete food because of its extraordinary nutritional value. Improper treatment and extensive use of pesticides in farm have resulted in threats to human health and economic loss. In this study, pesticide residue is analysing in goat milk sample by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Variety of pesticide has been used in order to control the agricultural pest, but if its presence in milk it will contribute to the serious issue of human health. This study was done checked the amount of pesticide residue in goat milk and ensure goat milk free from pesticides residue or the level below, MRL. The sample of milk is obtaining from goat farm in Kelantan. The extraction of sample will be done by using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE). The pesticides residues were deterMined by through GC/MS. The result of this research shown that the goat milk samples was safe for human use because there are no pesticides were detected. This study contributes information regarding the foods contamination so that Malaysia should make strict rules that will limit and minimise the usage of pesticides
Effect of water extraction pigment and stability of mangosteen peels (Garcinia Mangostana L.)
No full textThe study focuses on the benefit of the fruits of the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.). The effect of the extraction to determine the total anthocyanin, antioxidant content and color represent in the mangosteen peels. The methods used in this study were safe as only water was used for pigment extraction. The effect of the pH buffer to determine the stability study of the sample of the mangosteen peels in the different temperature during storage. Colors were expressed by the CIELAB in term of hab, (hue angle), C* (chroma = saturation), and L* (lightness). The total anthocyanin content in the temperature 60°C was representing the best temperature of water extraction in mangosteen peels. The total anthocyanin content in between pH 4 and pH 7 are not significant because pH 4 and pH 7 have the same value of anthocyanin content. The results show that higher values of anthocyanin content are within pH 10 at 4°C temperature storage suitable for the stability study while in temperature 27°C, pH 7 is suitable. The colors of was showed pH 4 is the more lightness than other pH but the suitable color for coloring is pH 10. The variations of results emphasize the important structure of the anthocyanin, antioxidant and color in mangosteen peels to develop the new product