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Finite element analysis of impact test for fiber metal laminate fuselage using Solidworks ® Simulation
Get PDFFuselage is the central body of an airplane that is designed to accommodate the crew and passengers. In a simple word, fuselage is a body which is mean the external structure of vehicle. Different types of aircraft have different types of fuselages, depending on how quickly they are required to travel and what they are carrying, but a fuselage is always hollow and always has a front cockpit. The main objective is to design a new fuselage with a new material that have the specific strength that may help to enhance the properties of fuselage. The fuselage model is created using the Finite Element Analysis via SolidWorks® software. The dynamic analysis is made to the test the maximum stress and maximum displacement of material. The materials used for the test are aluminium alloy Al 2042-T3, titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (SS) and GLARE. The three type of material were compared between each other by impact test. The results are shown in terms of stress and terms of displacement. It has been found that GLARE is the best material in terms of displacement while in terms of stress, aluminium alloy is the best material in this study
Effect of difference salinity on growth quality, survivality and flesh diameter of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp)
Get PDFOreochromus .sp or also known as Red Tilapia is freshwater fish that always been cultured in world. A one month’s research was conducted in glass tanks with Ninety fish of tilapia (Oreochromus .sp) same size were selected for analysis of the effect of difference salinity on growth quality, survivality and flesh quality in Red Tilapia. Each fish was measured growth quality, survivality and flesh quality in Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp) in different salinity which is 0 ppt, 15 ppt and 32 ppt. The fish were put directly into the three different salinity of water. Each fish was weight for every week to observe the weight increase, the number of mortality and diameter of flesh also recorded. Result for survivality shows that most high survivality rate is fish in tank 15 ppt with survival rate is 75% and the lowest is at 32 ppt with 0% survival rate. This result was same with the growth rate and diameter of flesh. The relative growth rate was for 0 ppt and in 15 ppt shows the highest with . Both treatments show the almost same flesh diameter but treatment with 15 ppt shows the highest diameter 1.8 cm compared to 0 ppt is 1.7 cm. This shows that 15 ppt is best growth factor in this experiment. The experiment were conducted with the same dissolved oxygen, pH of the water, volume and also the temperature because any difference of this will cause the mortality and also the growth rate of the fish been effected. Obstacles or obstacles during or during the study can also be minimized by using the right steps
The Optimization Study of Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) By Finite Element Analysis of Car Wheels in Automotive Industry Using Solidworks® Simulation Software
No full textThe purpose of this research study was the mechanical properties of Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) used to produce car wheels using Finite Element Analysis and compared the properties of PEEK with the current materials used in automotive industry. This study was aimed to reduce a vehicle's weight and cost, which can significantly reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. A lighter car consumes less fuel because it needs to overcome less inertia, reducing the power required to move the vehicle. Besides, a vehicle will not only be reduced in weight due to lighter material is used but, also have an ability to withstand force and lower deformation as good as a metal. Therefore, this research would be using PEEK as a material for the car wheel rim in replacing the current materials used in our automotive industry. By following the standard measurement ISO 9001 with the design from Bavarian Motor Works (BMW), the model would be created by using SolidWorks® software and the analysis of stress and displacement is determined by using the SolidWorks® simulation. Five different force were applied to the car wheel rim model by referring to current journal studies and the results of maximum stress and displacement were tabulated. Moreover, the results would be compared with other current materials used in automotive industry which are Steel, Aluminium Alloy and Magnesium Alloy
Effect of Welding Process to the Porosity Formation in as Welded Carbon Steel
No full textWelding is principle industrial process used for joining metal and it is the versatilemethod that widely used due to its high productivity and relatively low cost in the manufacturing industry. Carbon steel is the most popular material used in large scale in industries due to abundance source, low cost and variety of mechanical properties. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of different welding process to the porosity formation on the weld bead. 3 different types of welding process were used which are MIG welding, MAG welding and TIG welding. SPCC is the type of carbon steel that were used for this research. For samples measurement in MIG welding and MAG welding have same measurement which 180 mm x 100 mm x 5 while TIG welding use different measurement which 100 mm x 75 mm x 3 mm. For characterisation process, X ray industry were used to identify the porosity using visual evaluation. Size of porosity and number of porosity were measured and being recorded. MAG welding shows the biggest size of porosity (1.7 mm) followed by MIG welding (1.5 mm) and TIG welding (1.4 mm). Value of heat input also calculated and TIG shows the highest heat input which 2.94 kJ/mm among other welding process. In observation depth of penetration, TIG welding also shows the deepest penetration than MIG welding and MAG welding. This happen because during TIG welding process, size of sample is thinner than sample MIG welding and MAG welding. Also relate with heat input of TIG is higher
Synthesis of nickel doped Zinc Oxide via solid state reaction method
No full textNickel doped Zinc Oxide, Zn1-xNixO, (x= 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) mole powder have been synthesized by solid state reaction method. Zinc Sulphate Hepthahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O), Nickel Chloride (NiCl2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were mixed together. The optical absorption and microstructure were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. XRD shows the phase formation of ZnO that was successfully doped with Ni, ZnO gave hexagonal wurtzite structure and Zn0.97Ni0.03O shows the cubic plane structure. The average crystallite size of the Zn1-xNixO are 61.41, 51.95, 53.07, 58.37 and 184.89 nm respectively. UV-Vis Spectroscopy reveal that the effect of ZnO synthesize with Ni is showed the band gap which is decrease from 4.34 eV, 4.31 eV, 4.28 eV, 4.19 eV and 4.15 eV
Effect of plasma current in Plasma-MIG welding process to microstructure formation at heat affected zone of as welded carbon steel
No full textPlasma-Metal Inert Gas welding is a hybrid welding process that combines two welding method which is Plasma Arc welding and Metal Inert Gas welding. In this study, carbon steel was welded using plasma-MIG process with a different plasma current. The difference in plasma current results in the changes in the microstructure formation, mechanical and physical properties of steel especially at coarse grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ). The aims of this study are to investigate the effect of plasma current to the microstructure formation and mechanical properties of as welded carbon steel at CGHAZ. In this study, carbon steel has undergone Plasma-MIG welding process using five designated plasma current which are 0 A plasma current (conventional MIG), 25 A plasma current, 50 A plasma current, 75 A plasma current, and 100 A plasma current. The effect of plasma current on HAZ microstructure was observed using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The mechanical properties of as welded carbon steel have been identified by using microVickers hardness tester. The results show that plasma current affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of as welded carbon steel. As the plasma current increase, the HAZ area becomes larger and coarser. The steel hardness also increases with the increasing of plasma current. But, when compared to conventional MIG welding with 0 A plasma current, the microstructure and grain size in conventional MIG welding is larger and coarser than in plasma-MIG welding. The hardness value also increases in conventional MIG than the one in plasma-MIG welding. Overall, it can be said that the use of plasma-MIG welding is able to refine the grain size, increase the microhardness of as welded carbon steel and decrease the heat input through the reduction of cooling rate
Effect of microwave sintering time to the microstructure and phase properties of conventional heat treated CaCu3Ti4O12 after calcination
No full textMost of the research regarding CCTO nowadays have been conducted by producing CCTO using conventional solid-state processing technique. However, the production of a single-phase CCTO body obtained by conventional solid-state reaction routes is quite troublesome as the procedure requires calcination and sintering process at a high temperature and long span to get the ideal properties. Hence this study is conducted to study the effect of microwave heat treatment to the as-sintered CaCu3Ti4O12 pellets and to synthesise single phase CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) powder with the help of conventional furnace, microwave processing and formulated microwave susceptor crucible. CaCu3Ti4O12 electroceramic was prepared by a microwave assisted solid-state reaction technique from CaCO3, CuO and TiO2 powders. Processing involved the preparation of raw material, mixing and milling, calcination, pellet forming and sintering processes. Conventional furnace and microwave assisted sintering processes were employed in order to improve phase structures, morphology and dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. It shows that a single-phase CCTO product can be prepared by the post-sintering microwave-assisted combustion reaction using a domestic microwave oven. The research has proven that microwave processing possesses a lower temperature and lower energy to produce a single-phase CCTO compared to the conventional furnace processing which requires a higher temperature and thus a higher energy
Synthesis and characterization of bioplastic of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpurem) cellulose with different type of plasticizers
No full textNapier grasses have the potential to become the feedstock to produce the bioplastics. Plastics are from petrol based oil which is one of the non-renewable resources that is expensive and produce environmental pollution. To produce quality bioplastic from the Napier grass, the suitable amount of the cellulose that extracted from the Napier grass must involve with suitable plasticisers such as starch and gelatin. The starch and blended bioplastic makes the bioplastic stronger and flexible. To make bioplastic from Napier grass, the cellulose from the Napier grass was extracted. The extraction of the cellulose from the Napier grass can be done by the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution. The dark solution after the dissolution indicates the lignin of Napier grass while the extracted green colour of the residue is the cellulose of the Napier grass. The extracted cellulose of Napier grass will present in every samples of bioplastics with different amount of composition and mix with plasticizers. The bioplastics of Napier grass were analysed for Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. FTIR spectra exhibited that the intermolecular interaction in bioplastics occurred through C-O-H, O-H, C-H aliphatic and C=O groups. The tensile test was done to both type of bioplastic made from starch and gelatin which shows the properties of elongation at break, stress at break and peak. Bioplastic made from gelatin has the strong elongation at break property than the starch made bioplastics. The bioplastic made from starch can biodegrade faster than the gelatin made bioplastic. The finding of this study will be beneficial to the environment by reducing the pollution where the properties of the Napier grasses promote the bioplastic quality to withstand with the commercial plastics with the correct proportions of the starch and gelatin which are toxic free to the environment
Design of enzymatic retting system for kenaf bast fiber using SolidWorks and SuperPro Designer
No full textKenaf bast and core has been used in variety occasion and for many purposes such as rope, twine, bagging and rugs. It is also a promising source of raw fibre material for pulp and paper and other fibre products. To improve kenaf as intermediate product, retting system need to be developed in order to obtain high quality fibre. In this study, enzymatic retting was introduced to replace the conventional method. The feasibility of enzymatic retting using conventional system and developed system was compared. Enzymatic retting system was designed using SolidWorks software and the production flow for kenaf fiber was developed using SuperPro Designer. It was found that shorter processing time was obtained using enzymatic retting. The designs for retting tank, filtration tank and water heater together with the piping system were developed with the dimension in details. From SuperPro Designer, the production flow was successfully simulated and the yield for fibre that was obtained is 75 kg per batch. The developed system proved that the design and production flow is quite significant to be implemented to kenaf smallholders
Investigation of mechanical and physical properties of bioplastic from Dioscorea hispida (Ubi Gadong) starch extracted by mechanical method
No full textIn this study, the bioplastic from Dioscorea hispida (ubi gadong) starch were investigated. It was due to the properties of petrochemical based bioplastic that has poor biodegradability rate, which giving harm to the environment. The starch from D.hispida tuber was extracted using the mechanical method which the yield was 40.31%. The bioplastic with different ratios of starch and glycerol, which were bioplastic 1, 2, 3,4 and 5 were investigated. The composition compound in the starch sample was studied by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation break were tested using a universal testing machine (UTM) same goes to the physical properties such moisture absorption and biodegradability were studied. Overall, the results show the bioplastic 1 with the lowest glycerol content had the highest tensile strength which was 17 MPa and elongation break was 9.87%. The moisture absorption and biodegradability rate increase when the glycerol content increased. All the bioplastic included 1,2,3,4 and 5 were fully degraded after six days