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Characterization of Pink-Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophs (Ppfm) isolated from paddy leaf (Oryza Sativa)
No full textMethylobacterium sp. is pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFMs) that have the ability to promote the growth of plants and is ubiquitous in the environment. Methylobacterium sp. is able to utilise methanol as its energy source. Five strains of Methylobacterium sp. which were isolated from paddy leaf (Oryza sativa) were tested for the plant growth promoting characteristics. They were grown in Ammonia Mineral Salt (AMS) agar throughout the experiment and supplemented with methanol as a carbon source. L-tryptophan was used as a precursor for production of indole acetic acid. The indole acetic acid production of were done with several concentrations of L-tryptophan and isolate EPPD1 (0.061) showed the highest production if indole acetic acid in the presence of L-tryptophan. When Methylobacterium sp. isolates tested for nitrogen fixing ability, all the isolates did not showed promising results except for EPPD4. In phosphate solubilising ability, EPPD4 and ENPD2 recorded good result when using Solubilising Index (SI) but when the isolates were assayed for phosphate solubilisation using vanadate-molybdate reagent, all of the isolates showed promising findings especially ENPD2 is the highest in National Botanical Research Institute Phosphate (NBRIP) broth and second highest solubilisation in Pikovskaya broth while EPPD1 is the highest in Pikovskaya broth. Thus, the Methylobacterium sp. strains that analysed had a promising ability to be develop as a bio-fertiliser for a sustainable environment
Biodiesel production from polanga oil extracted using Soxhlet Extractor with different type of solvent and ratio of seed to solvent
No full textBiodiesel is an alternative to petroleum-based fuels produced from various type of feedstock. In this study, non-feedstock raw material was used in producing oil and converted into biodiesel. This study also investigated the different amount of oil produced from soxhlet extraction using a different type of solvent and ratio of solvent and seed. Soxhlet extraction is also known as solvent extraction of chemical extraction, which is referred to the preferential dissolution of oil by contacting oilseed with a liquid solvent. Different solvent such as n-hexane and petroleum ether were used for the extraction of Calophyllum Inophyllum seed to study which solvent will yield more oil. Different ratio which is 1:8 and 1:10 also will be studied to identify which ratio will produce the highest yield of oil. The results show that n-hexane had high ability to yield a high amount of oil compare to petroleum ether. Ratio 1:10 also produce the highest yield of oil compare to 1:8 which it’s approved that the amount of oil was influenced by the amount of solvent seed (Calophyllum Inophyllum) seeds are abundant and wasted because they had not been used in the application of daily life. The biodiesel that produced from Polanga oil seed had been tested using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and methyl ester were observed that approved the oil has capability in producing biodiese
Improvement of mixed matrix ultrafiltration Polyethersulfone Membrane blended with functionalized Titanium Dioxide / Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes for humic acid removal
No full textIn order to remove humic acid, membrane filtration have faced challenges due to the fouling activity. Neat pure membrane faced obstacles in achieving high antifouling properties. Hence, mixed matrix membrane (MMM) was fabricated by blending polyethersulfone (PES) with nanoparticles into the dope solution via phase inversion method. The study aims to improve MMM for removal for humic acid (HA). Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were functionalized using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and nitric acid while functionalized MWCNT loaded TiO2 was functionalized using APTES through the reflux condition. As a result, F-MWCNT have well dispersion in solvent and F-TiO2 was well known for its high hydrophilicity. Therefore, combination of both nanoparticles to produce superior membrane properties with synergistic effect. MMM has been successfully fabricated and characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) which confirms that the functionalized nanoparticles performed efficiently. The functionalized MWCNT loaded TiO2 is examined as an ultrafiltration membrane to remove HA in aqueous solution, and results reveals that 92 % of HA was removed at 50 mg/L concentration and 97 % at 10 mg/L concentration after an hour of reaction. This study prove that F-MWCNT loaded TiO2 has significant potential as nanoparticles materials for improvement of ultrafiltration membrane due to the high percentage of HA rejection in addition to high antifouling effect
Study on the characterization of thin film based on urea modified starch plasticized with ethylene glycol
No full textThis study aimed to formulate corn starch-based thermoplastic starch (TPS) films by varying concentrations of plasticizer which is ethylene glycol (EG) with and without polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Furthermore, the resulted thin film was characterized by its mechanical and physical properties. Thermoplastic starch was produced to replace the use of synthetic polymers in order to preserve the environment as thermoplastic starch is safer for environment. The objectives of this research are to study the effect of polyvinyl alcohol additive on the thin film based on urea modified starch and to determine the effect of different amount of plasticizer (ethylene glycol) addition on mechanical and physical properties of urea modified starch. The thin film were prepared directly using the cross linked corn starch with urea and the addition different concentration (35% w/w and 50% w/w) of ethylene glycol with and without the presence of PVA . The TPS were tested on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile strength, water absorption, soil degradation and moisture content. The functional group consists of hydroxyl, alkene and carbonyl group. The higher in plasticizer content the higher hydrophilicity of the TPS and the presence of PVA will decrease the absorbance of water. The 35% w/w of EG with addition of PVA has highest tensile strength and lowest extension at break. The highest concentration of EG can affected the biodegradability properties of TPS but presence of PVA can slower the degradation of TPS. The lowest concentration of plasticizer without PVA has lowest moisture content. Overall, it can be conclude that the amount of plasticizer significantly influence the properties of thermoplastic starch
Geology and assemblages of fossil in Bukit Bucu, Terengganu
Get PDFBukit Bucu had been acknowledged as one of the fossils abundance site. The aim of this study is to improve the lack of previous research as the objective of this research are to produce geological map of 1:25000 scales, to identify the fossil assemblages and to determine the depositional environment of Bukit Bucu. Therefore, methods for this research are by producing geological 1:25000 map, calculating percentage of fossil in determining the assemblages and based on lithofacies determine the depositional environment. As result, total fossil per phylum identified are 184 as six phyla (Brachiopoda, Mollusca, Bryozoan, Echinodettnata, Trilobita and Plantae) were determined. Correspondingly, the most abundance distribution of fossil is phylum Echinodermata and the most abundance species is phylum Brachiopoda. Thus, based on lithofacies the depositional environment of Bukit Bucu focused on deltaic depositional environment supported by the findings terrestrial plant fossil at the delta top and marine fossil at the delta front and also secondary structures that existed shows the mouth bar facies at delta front
General geology and geoheritage investigation value of nglanggeran area in special region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFGeopark Gunung Sewu is a showcase of high aesthetic geological features that offer a landscape of tropical conical karst in the southern part of Java. The geological features will give additional values in terms of geoheritage of the Nglanggeran area, Gunungkidul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. This research conducted around Nglanggeran area approximately 25km2 and the coordinates of the study area is 110°3' to 110'33'30"E at the longitude and 7°48'30" to 7°51'S at the latitude. The purposes of this study are 1) to update the geological map on a scale of 1:25000, 2) to produce the geoheritage map in the study area, and 3) to determine the Geoheritage value of Nglanggeran area in the region. The study area composed of 3 formation which is Nglanggeran Formation, Semilir Formation, and Kebo-Butak Formation with 3 rock units that were divided into 5 lithologies. This study used the qualitative and quantitative method which include some interviews with several respondents. A quantitative method such as a questionnaire was distributed to the local community that lives there to evaluate the knowledge and concern about geosites, geoheritage, and geoconservation of the Nglanggeran area and its surroundings. The result shows the geoheritage map of the study area with the investigation using qualitative and quantitative method including classification, assessment, and evaluation of geoheritage value. As a conclusion, the geoheritage evaluation and investigation will help in the establishment of the strong and effective cooperation between local authorities and protected area managers for the proper management system which corresponds equally to conservation and tourism use
Diversity of wild felids in Merapoh, Pahang
No full textA study on the diversity of wild felids been done in Merapoh, Pahang for two month. The objectives of this study are to classify the diversity of wild felids in Merapoh, Pahang with IUCN status and to update a checklist of wild felids in study site. There were 13 camera traps been used and all the location were located along Sungai Yu, Pahang. The height of the camera traps been installed 50 cm above the ground for small to medium sized of mammals. The habitat been recorded in this study are logging road, ridge, forest trail, old logging road and plantation. From 513 trap nights, there was total 2968 photograph been recorded by the camera trap, but only 0.13% of photographs contain of the wild felids. Four species of Wild Felids been recorded, there were Leopard, Clouded leopard, Asiatic Golden Cat and Leopard cat. There were only one detection for each species. Simpson's Diversity Index and Checklist were been used to analyse the result from the camera trap. As conclusion, this data could be used for conservation of wild felids in Merapoh, Pahang. As recommendations, more camera trap needed to cover other area in Merapoh, Pahang and the study's period should be longer than two month to ensure more result to be captured
Climbers diversity in Agro Techno Park Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus
No full textSpecies diversity of climbers were inventoried in four nature trails of Agro Techno Park Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Jeli campus. The climbers studied were herbaceous climbing plants since there was not many research on checklisting of herbaceous vines especially in rainforest of Malaysia. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity, composition and abundances of climbers in Agro Techno Park Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jell Campus by constructing randomly four plots for every trail. Besides, checklist of climbers' diversity in Agra Techno Park Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jell. Campus was prepared as it for any further study by next researchers. Samples of the climbers were collected to be preserved and identified. The preservation was done by putting the samples in zip lock transparent bag that contained of 70% ethanol solution. The samples then dried in the oven at 30-40 °C. Mounting and labeling were done before the samples were kept in the storage box. This technique was called herbarium sampling technique. The pattern of the climbers samples were analyzed by using Shannon Diversity Index, Shannon Evenness Index, Margalef Richness Index, Abundance Parameters and Importance Value Index (IVI). Through the result, total of 593 climbers belonging to 35 species were recorded. Fabaceae was the most diverse plant of climbers family by which it consisted of 4 genera and 5 species. This was followed by Menispermaceae, Melastomataceae, Connaraceae, Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae and Vitaceae. The result obtained had indicated that ecological environment and human disturbances were the most important factor that influenced the abundance and distribution of climbers
Population size determination using photographic estimation for the conservation of nectar bat (Eonycteris spelaea) at Gunung Reng, Kelantan, Malaysia
No full textThis study was conducted to determine the population size of nectar bat (Eonycteris spelaea) at Gunung Reng, Kelantan, Malaysia since there have no information recorded. Estimated the population size of the E. spelaea at Gunung Reng, Kelantan, Malaysia was the main purpose of this study been conducted. Estimation by using photographic method had been set up about twenty days. The pictures were shoot five times for every roosts of bat in Gunung Reng which is there have 13 roosts was chosen due to the probability of getting good sampling data. The p-value<0.000, F = 5.661 with 95% confident interval, the population size of E, spelaea are between 207 to 344 individuals and the null hypothesis that the means are equal is rejected. In improving this research for the future there were a few factors that had been discussed which is the skill to control camera setting in every weather and environment, the bright source of light and the times interval between shoot of pictures
Waste management practices of food based product among retailers at Kota Bharu, Kelantan
No full textGenerally, food waste can be occurred in every stages of supply chain where can be in household, retail, wholesale or production. There are many causes of food waste in every stage along the supply chain. The causes is different for every stages yet there are still some of it are the same. The most common causes of perishable food waste at a retailer are overstocking, consumer behaviour, inappropriate quality control and product handling. This study aims at exploring the issue of waste management in the retail sector and more specifically in the grocery or mini markets' sector. This study is to find out about how food-based product of groceries or mini market at Kota Bharu area been manage by the store owner if there are any leftover or unsalable product in shelf? This study was conduct to identify the relationship between demographic factor and knowledge of food waste management among the store managers, as well as to identify intention between attitude and practices towards the food-based waste management of the grocery or mini market. The questionnaire was prepared and been run to find out do the manager or stores' owner have the knowledge about the waste management. This survey is to find out do the knowledge has been applied to manage any food-based waste product of the store. 60 respondents as a random sampling data has been decided for the questionnaire survey analysis, as the instrument for this study decide for the questionnaire for the data collection. The survey is about waste management practices of food based product among retailers at Kota Bharu, Kelanta