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Geology of Mukim Rusila, Marang and seismic interpretation of Kapal field of Terengganu offshore
Get PDFMukim Rusila located at Marang, Terengganu where it has been long known as meta-sediment area. The objectives of the study at this area are to update a geological map with scale 5 x 5 kM2. This study involves several analyses which included petrography, stratigraphy, geomorphology and structural geology. Geological mapping had been done to collect the related data and the sample had been taken for petrography analysis. The analysis supported by the old research paper and journal. The study area consists of 3 lithology unit which is alluvium, mylonite and Charul Sungai Perlis Bed. In Charu/ Sungai Perlis Bed it consists lithology of phyllite and schist. The structural geology that been found are fault, vein and chevron fold. It is recommended that extensive study of the area that focus on structural geology and mylonite unit only since it is one of the new finding within this research. While for the Kapal Field, a part of Malay Basin, located offshore Terengganu (Malaysia). It has been known as a sediment area with a hydrocarbon reserve. So far, the seismic sequence has become focus of extensive and the main target of hydrocarbon exploration in this area. The detailed stratigraphy study and structural study have not been studied yet for Kapal field and it is recommended for the next research. The identification of six seismic section across the study area by using 3-D data has been conducted. Four primary reflectors have been recognised as sequence boundaries and each sequence contains some seismic facies unit which were determined based on seismic parameters. This study area can be said that have a potential hydrocarbon based on the structural that have been found within the study area such as faults and anticline structure
Geology and geochemistry of stream sediment in Batu Melintang, Jeli, Kelantan
Get PDFThe geochemistry analysis of stream sediment of Batu Melintang, Jeli was mainly focused in Sungai Pergau. The study area was conducted in 25km2 area bounded by latitude 5°40' 20"E to 5° 42' 58"E and longitude 101°42' 5"N to 101° 44' 45"N. Batu Melintang is located at near Bentong Raub Suture and consists of the biggest strike lip fault. The effects of structure indicate gold bearing in Batu Melintang. This research was carried out to give the information of general geology in the study area. Form the data obtain, the updated geological map in Batu Melintang was produces. Next, the distribution and accumulation of heavy metal in the stream sediment of Batu Melintang was examined. The stream sediment samples were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) and X-ray Fluorescence. The major heavy metal such as Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Cu, Ti, Zn, Pb, Cu and K is representing in graph bar and anomaly maps. The distribution of heavy metal in different location show different concentration. The distribution is influence by the mining activity, weathering, oxidation and lithology in the area
Geological mapping in area Lojing and investigation of seawater intrusion of Sungai Pinang aquifer at Tumpat by geophysical and hydrochemistry
Get PDFThe present research is focused on geological mapping and seawater intrusion studies in parts of Lojing and Tumpat area respectively. The main objective of this research is to update geological rock units and produce map on scale of 1:25000 and investigate sea water intrusion in Sungai Pinang coastal aquifers in Tumpat. The methodology was applied for geological mapping based on fieldwork inputs including collection of samples from outcrop, recording structural trends in rocks and other field observation such as geomorphological features, drainage pattern etc. All these field related data processed in GIS based platform including the petrographic studies to generate geological and other thematic maps. For seawater intrusion studies Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) survey were conducted and resistivity data processed using RESD2DINV software to obtain two- dimensional 2D resistivity profile and as well as geochemical method were also applied to investigate seawater intrusion. Insitu chemical parameter includes pH, turbidity, total dissolved solid (TDS), salinity, total suspended (TSS), electrical conductivity (EC). In addition few chemical parameters includes chloride, sodium, manganese, potassium, copper and iron were also analysed from selected shallow groundwater wells. Geologically the study area mainly consist schist and mudstone rock units. Based on the resistivity data which provided clear view as seawater intruded zoned into groundwater in all the lines approximately 50 to 70m. In addition the hydrochemical results shows that sample T5 contain sea water intrusion at shallow level. It is recommended to overcome this problem could be regular quality monitoring as well as control the pumping of groundwater
Studies of combination of Azolla microphylla with silver nitrate and effect on Aedes aegpypti
Get PDFPlant extract potential in synthesis the nanoparticles currently drawn attention in the field on nanotechnology. The development in nanotechnologies that contribute in many field had led to the demand of the nanoparticle production. Current nanotechnology for nanoparticle synthesis clarified toxic to the environment and costly. This impulse to find procedure that more environmentally friendly in synthesis the nanoparticles. In the view of the recently increased interest in biosynthesis of nanoparticles, this research studies about the combination of Azolla microphylla with silver nitrate with the purpose of synthesizing silver nanoparticles from Azolla microphylla extracts. This research also studying the optimal conditions in synthesis the nanoparticle and characterized their properties. In the present study, the synthesis of nanoparticle were performed by mixing the Azolla microphylla extract with I mM of silver nitrate solution. The colour changes into dark brown can be observed which indicate reduction process take place. The optimal conditions for synthesis silver nanoparticle were identified by testing volume ratio, time interval and pH parameter. Synthesized silver nanoparticles were then being characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy and FTIR. UV-vis spectrophotometer showed peak at 423nm due to plasmon surface resonance excited vibrations. FTIR analysis reveals the functional group presence in the silver nanoparticles. The research further with determine the effect of the combination of Azolla microphylla with silver nitrate on Aedes aegypti. The ability of other Azolla species in mosquitoes control in previous studies impulse the test on Aedes aegypti through 24-hour bioassay. The combination does not showed effective killing effect however repellent effect were proved. As the result the biological synthesis of nanoparticle were determined through the combination of the Azolla microphylla with silver nitrate in mosquitoes population might be give different effect due to different species
Water quality monitoring at Lata Janggut, Lata Keding and Lata. Turbo
Get PDFThis study aims to identify the water quality of Lata Janggut, Lata Keding and Lata Turbo which this area are used for recreational purposes in creating a healthy recreational water area. The significance of this study is to ensure the water body of Lata Janggut, Lata Turbo and Lata Keding is able to support recreational activity. Water qualities in this 3 study area were determined by using the guideline and parameters provided by the Department of Environment. Water monitoring of the three study area are conducted on July, August, September and November with a total of 3 point selected at random in each study area. The parameters assessed are divided into two which is in-situ parameters and ex-situ parameters. The in-situ parameters analysed in this study is the water pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solid and turbidity while the ex-situ parameters analysed are biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen (AN). The in-situ and ex-situ parameters analysed are physical parameters and chemical parameters of water. On the final month of water monitoring, it was found that water quality of Lata Turbo was 81.04 (class 2), Lata Keding was 71.58 (class 3) and Lata Janggut was 76.75 (class 2). Overall, the water quality in all three study areas can be classified as class II that the can be used for recreational activity and are safe to be used for recreational and other purposes with conventional treatment
The uptake and effect of Formaldehyde on Jasminum sambac plants using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
Get PDFOver the past few years, the issue of pollution from the grave is often taken into account and always become a study material and research. The most commonly used method for disposal of dead bodies and limbs is incineration. Incineration has been used for decades. Previously, biological specimen at the Hospital University of Sains Malaysia (HUSM) was disposed of through incinerators. Given that the majority of HUSM patients are Muslim societies, then proposals to dispose biological waste in an Islamic-compliant through burial method is done. Incineration of dead bodies will have a bad impact on the environment and human health. New ways have been introduced to overcome this problem by burial of formalin fixed specimen onto the soil. However, formalin preservation on specimen is a main concern. This study was done to determine the effect of the formaldehyde on the growth of the Jasminum sambac and the physical characteristic of the plant hence to determine the uptake of formaldehyde that the plants absorb. The results obtained from this research will give valuable information on the effect of formaldehyde on the environment specifically on the plant to the community at HUSM. This study also determines whether the formalin fixed specimen by burial method give negative or positive effect to the environment. The physical characteristics of the plant after treated with formaldehyde shows a negative growth with decrease in number of leaves and flowers as well as in the surface area of leaf Other than that, the colors of leaves were changes from dark green to brownish color for the plants that treated with formaldehyde. The relative water content in leaves were achieved by measured the fresh, dry and turgid weight of leaves. The Jasminum sambac root, stem, flowers and leaves were blended to obtain the powder form. The uptakes of formaldehyde were obtained using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The result demonstrated that the highest formaldehyde concentration uptakes were found in the root with 0.02% from the actual concentration that applied to the plants. The evidence provided by this study demonstrated that the formaldehyde uptake followed the order of root>stem>flowers>leaves. In conclusion, formaldehyde application destroyed the plant and cause the physical characteristic of the plants does not grow well even with the lower concentration
Diversity of termites at oil palm plantation, Felda Kemahang, Tanah Merah, Kelantan
No full textTermite diversity was studied at oil palm plantation area in Felda Kemahang, Tanah Merah, Kelantan. The research on termites in oil palm plantation is still lacking in Kelantan. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the diversity of termites in oil palm plantation at Felda Kemahang, Tanah Merah, Kelantan in July 2019. The type of sampling method used was standardized line transect with 100m x 2m and are divided into 20 sections (5m x 2m). Two people were sampled at each section for 30 minutes at three transects conducted at the study area which are Transect 1 (Felda Kemahang 1), Transect 2 (Felda Kemahang 2) and Transect 3 (Felda Kemahang 3). The termite sample were collected manually by using forceps and preserved in glass vial with 70% ethanol. A total of 133 hits comprising of 15 termite species were successfully collected in this study. The total termite species are representing of two families (Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae) and five sub-families (Rhinotermitinae, Coptotermitinae, Termitinae, Macrotermitinae and Nasutitermitinae). There are ecological factors affected the diversity of termite in the area such as soil pH, soil moisture, soil temperature, depth of leaf litter and canopy cover. This study has high diversity of termite which is H'= 2.220. This value was obtained by using Shannon-Wiener Index, and had complete evenness which is 0.820. Termite species that dominant are Globitermes sulphureus. Litter-foragers (65%) and epigeal mound builder (88%) have the highest termite diversity. Meanwhile, wood-feeding group (12%) wood nester (3%) and hypogeal or subterranean nester (3%) have the lowest termite diversity. In a nutshell, oil palm plantation at Felda Kemahang, Tanah Merah, Kelantan has high diversity of termite. Based on species accumulation curve, termite sampling already have adequate sampling data. This study provides information on the status of termite species in oil palm plantation areas. Such information may be useful in future planning strategies by the plantation management
Estimation of liana infestation above canopy in state park Gunung Stong, Kelantan using unmanned aerial vehicle
No full textThe study area of lianas was executed in Gunung Stong located in the district of Dabong, Kelantan. This study was conducted to determine the estimation of liana infestations and Crown Occupancy Index by using UAV. A drone was flown around the study site to obtain the image of the area. Altogether 99 images captured by drone was then stitched using Dronedeploy. A yellow line was drawn on the image which indicate liana-infested tree crown area and red line shows liana leaves area. ImageJ software was used to measure the area of both tree crown area and liana leaves area. Based on the result, the highest liana percentage cover obtained was 43.3% and the lowest was 7.4%. Spearman's rank test was used to calculate the correlation between crown occupancy index and liana cover percentage. Rs value was 0.6875 which appears to be a moderate positive correlation between Crowon Occupancy Index and Liana Cover %. In future, a researcher will need to expand the time frame of study using UAV to asses further conditions of liana infestations in the forest above canopy Gunung Stong. Lianas infestation occured due to the presence of treefall gap at Gunung Stong
Actinomycetes as natural fungicide on infected green leafy vegetables
No full textFungal diseases in green leafy vegetables are commonly under-esteemed but, the application of agrochemical fungicide has raised multiple drawbacks such as the higher amount of chemical residues and intensified microbial community stress. There is an urgent need to establish a bio-control antifungal agent with minimal toxicity threat, which sourced from natural environment. This study targeted to isolate and identify soil-borne fungi species in green leafy vegetables by molecular identification and investigated the antifungal potential of actinomycete strains on isolated fungi strain. Fungi were isolated from 3 soils collected underneath the infected green leafy vegetables. Actinomycete strains and synthetic compounds were screened for antifungal potential against selected fungi strains using agar plug diffusion assay. The isolated fungi were identified by 16S rDNA analysis. In this study, 41 fungal strains were isolated from soil samples. Actinomycetes strain C.D 6.5 exhibited the largest inhibition zone on 5 selected fungal strains, whereas actinomycetes strain C.KSJ 13.3 produced the broadest spectrum of antifungal activities. Synthetic compounds tend to form distinct and bigger inhibition zone compared to actinomycetes strain due to presence of methanol solvent. Isolated fungi were not identified due to low quality of genomic DNA that affects the PCR amplification results. The role of liquid nitrogen was proven in the fungal genomic DNA extraction as it reduced DNA degradation under the absence of cell wall. It can be concluded that actinomycetes strain have significant antagonistic activity against fungi and pure antifungal component can be extracted as an effective and environmental friendly bio-control agent on plant fungi
Optimisation of tissue culture protocol using nodal part of napier grass (Pennisetum Purpureum)
No full textRecently, Napier grass has received attention for its trait improvement due to its large potential in livestock feed. In order to allow for molecular technique for its genetic manipulation, it is necessary that the methods for tissue culture are established specifically for the species. The main objective of this research is to identify the most effective aseptic technique to achieve the most optimum antiseptic condition for tissue culture protocol. This involved with two factors which were the concentration and the time exposure of Napier grass in sodium hypochlorite (Na0CI). In addition, the study also investigated the most effective combination of auxin and cytokinin treatment for the induction of callus. At the end of this study, it is expected that the protocol established would enable mutational breeding for Napier grass. Treatment of different concentration of sodium hypochloride at concentration of 1%, 2% and 3% were used in combination with 70% alcohol for the first experiment. In the second experiment, the most optimal concentration identified was further manipulated to identify the effective duration for soaking the explant to eliminate contamination but at the same does not cause tissue necrosis. Lastly, the results of the two experiments were used to establish aseptic condition to identify the effective hormone concentration to induce callus from the Napier grass explant. The result of this project showed that the treatment of 2% Na0C1 with the time exposure of 20 minutes was the most effective to eliminate contamination. While the aim of this project is to induce callus, there were no callus formation observed at the end of this study but the survived explant instead developed shoot for explant that were treated with 2mg/L of NAA in combination with 1.5mg/L of BAP. Despite achieving the aseptic technique in the first and the second experiments, the result was inconsistent and the occurrence of contamination was still observed subsequently. Further research is required especially to use the in vitro tissue for the callus induction to eliminate contamination and to identify the effective hormone combination for callus induction instead of shoot regeneration