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Development of Broiler Chicken Feed Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) (BSFL) as Protein Source
Get PDFThe expand of poultry industry especially for broiler chicken due to gaining in white meat consumption by human give a good effect to poultry feed manufacturer. However, in poultry industry, the price of raw material become the main problem especially the price of protein source is. Due to this matter, the aim for this study was to determine the optimum inclusion using Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucen spp) (BSFL) as protein source to substitute or lessen the use of fish meal and soybean. In this study, the feed formulation for male Cobb sp. breed chicken was done using Microsoft Excel which was equipped the nutrient data for each ingredients. The feed was formulated according male Cobb sp. requirement with different inclusion of defatted BSFL which were 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% for every phase starter, grower and finisher. The feed was formulated in mash form for starter and pelleted for grower and finisher to enhance the palatability. The cost and composition of ration formulations were recorded. All 12 ration formulation were then analyzed to identify the nutrient and chemical composition content. The data was analyzed using one way Anova method and Tukey test. For starter, treatment 40% was the best formulation as it had the highest ME compared to others while for grower, treatments 20% was the closest ration with the recommendation same goes with treatment 60% that has highest ME which is good for finisher in order to gain weight and carcass. For cost benefit analysis, treatment 20% has the best cost benefits among all
Kajian Terhadap Penggunaan Teknik Kolaj Menggunakan Bahan Kitar Semula.
Get PDFBahan kitar semula dianggap sesuatu barangan yang boleh dikitar semula ataupun bahan terpakai diguna pakai untuk tujuan tertentu. Bahan kitar semula dibahagikan kepada plastik, kertas, kaca dan barang-barang yang boleh dikitar semula untuk dijadikan sesuatu benda yang
berfaedah dan mendatangkan keuntungan. Bahan kitar semula ataupun barangan terpakai biasanya barangan yang telah digunakan dan diproses untuk menjadi sesuatu bahan yang baru. Namun kini bahan kitar semula telah menjadi minat para rakyat untuk mereka cipta benda baru dengan menggunakan bahan terpakai. Oleh sebab itu kajian ini dilakukan kerana untuk melihat adakah bahan kitar semula ataupun terpakai seseuai untuk digunakan dalam menghasilkan teknik dalam seni halus iaitu teknik kolaj serta menghasilkan karya yang menarik. Kajian ini juga menyatakan objektif iaitu mengaplikasikan bahan kitar semula dalam teknik kolaj untuk menghasilkan karya seni halus kedalam karya. Selain itu, mengkaji pengaruh bahan
semula jadi sebagai bahan sebagai skop kajian menggunakan teknik kolaj dan menghasilkan karya yang bersiri kolaj yang berinspirasikan teknik-teknik kolaj sebagai simbolik kepada bahan kitar semula kedalam karya. Kaedah metodologi yang digunakan ialah melalui kualitatif
iaitu kaedah temu bual, kaedah pemerhatian, kaedah laman sesawang untuk mendapatkan maklumat tentang kajian yang telah dikaji. Kesimpulannya dapat dilihat bahawa bahan-bahan kitar semula ataupun barangan terpakai sesuai untuk dijadikan karya dalam teknik kolaj. Dengan adanya kajian ini akan dapat memberikan maklumat mengenai tajuk tersebut kepada pengiat seni untuk terus menghasilkan karya dan seni yang lebih menarik
Producing organic fertilizer from restaurant food waste using composting method
Get PDFRestaurant produced food wastes every day and this caused a problem in waste management system. It used up a large amount of land, water and fertilizer only to be buried in a landfill. The food in landfill decomposes and emits methane gas which contribute to global warming. Three proportion of mixture was made such as 100% soil, 75% soil + 25% compost, 100 % compost. Next, the physicochemical properties were analysed in the compost which are colour, texture, odour, humidity and bulk of density. To compare the physicochemical content in 100% soil, 75% soil + 25% compost, 100 % compost using one-way ANOVA analysis. The food waste was collected from the restaurant area Jeli, Kelantan and the location to carry the process of composting is located at Tanah Merah, Kelantan. The physical characteristic for compost-like smell and dark brown in colour which means it is matured enough to be used. For the humidity of compost was 66% and bulk density of compost was 0.55 g/cm3. Moreover, the physicochemical content was compared in 100% soil, 75% soil + 25% compost, 100 % compost. The pH value for 100% soil, 75% soil + 25% compost, 100 % compost are 7.30, 7.38, 7.34. In this study, the Nitrogen content for soil, soil + compost, and compost is 0.11%, 0.21% and 2.44%. Phosphorus is the other primary nutrients for plant. Lastly, after conducting the composting, the value of potassium for compost, soil + compost and soil are 33.03, 4.28 and 0.88.
Keywords: one-way ANOVA analysis, bulk of density and humidity. FY
Effect of plasma flow in plasma metal inert gas welding process to microstructure formation at heat affected zone of as welded carbon steel
No full textThe application of plasma MIG welding that consist of plasma flow in surrounding of MIG wire causes a divergence of MIG current from the MIG wire to outside. Thedivergence then disperse heat and force to the upper side of MIG wire and thus reduce its droplet temperature. This situation affects the droplet size as well as the frequency of metal transfer. In this study, the effect of plasma flow in plasma MIG welding to the refinement of microstructure at heat affected zone is investigated. The microstructure evaluation is carried out by means of Optical Microscopy and Electron Backscattered Diffraction. As for results, it found that the microstructure turn to be refined at HAZ area especially at the coarse grain HAZ. The difference in grain size at CGHAZ and FGHAZ region was almost eliminated. This result was compared with the one with conventional MIG welding where it shows a clear difference in grain size structure at CGHAZ and FGHAZ. The refinement of microstructure also gives an effect to the mechanical property at the area. According to Micro Vickers Hardness test that has been done, the CGHAZ region in conventional MIG welding has higher value of hardness than plasma MIG welding. It is suggested that, the presence of plasma flow in plasma MIG welding process able to refine the microstructure at HAZ region
Fabrication and characterization of PVC/MWCNT Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) for malachite green removal
No full textTransportation using polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) is one of the selective and effective method that can be used for MG dye removal from synthetic solution. With the present of nanoparticles that features the ion conductivity which is MWCNT in the membrane, it will helps to increase the efficiency of the extraction of dye. However, until certain percentage of the MWCNT the membrane capability to undergo extraction will be decrease. Regarding that, the optimal composition of the membrane including the MWCNT was as follows: 18 wt% of polyvinyl chloride as a based polymer, 51.0 wt% tetrahydrofuran as the solvent, 30 wt% of bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate as the carrier 1 wt % of dioctyl phthalate as plasticizer, and 0.5 wt% of MWCNT as the nanoparticles. The method that applied in this study is fabrication using the casting machine, and dried membrane method. The obtain results that illustrated the study can be measured in the several analysis such as, Ftir, SEM, and Ion Exchange Capacity. The ion exchange capacity (IEC) shows the highest ion exchange capacity for membrane containing nanoparticles MWCNT with 0.5 wt% while increasing the percentage of nanoparticles, the lower the ion exchange capacity. This result closely related to the performance of the membrane during the extraction of MG dye, in which the percentage of extraction are effected, the extraction that take around 4 hours resulting the 0.5 wt% of nanoparticles membrane as the higher extraction 99.99% compared to 2.5 wt% of the nanoparticles membranes 96%. The effectiveness of this 0.5 wt% nanoparticles membrane is also tested with different initial concentration of MG dye solution which is 10 to 50 mg/L. This membrane are able to maintain the extraction of the MG solution with the percentage above 99% in all concentration which indicates that the composition of the 0.5 wt% MWCNT is still relevant even in the higher concentration of MG dye
The preparation of Tri-Hybrid Nanofluids (CuO-SiO2-TiO2) in water-ethylene glycol mixture for solar thermal application
No full textNowadays, energy consumption of typical electric water heater is typically high and it depends on the usage of electricity. The demand of electricity is growing rapidly and keeps on growing at a warning rate. Therefore, the renewable energy such as solar energy is one of the ways out to overcome the energy crisis. Thus, in this study is to prepare tri-hybrid nanofluids (CuO-SiO2-TiO2). The objectives of this study are to prepare homogenized solution of CuO, SiO2 and TiO2 as tri-hybrid nanofluids in water-ethylene glycol, to analyse the stability by visualization effect, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) and finally to study the heat transfer performance of optimized prepared tri-hybrid nanofluids in water-ethylene glycol mixture. From the UV-Vis analysis that was conducted, the absorbance of 0.1% was the most stable among other samples. SEM image of CuO-SiO2-TiO2 nanoparticles shows an appearance of those three nanoparticles, indicating the tri-hybrid nanoparticles formation. From XRD, the crystallites size of CuO, SiO2 and TiO2 are identified, which at 21 nm,<10 nm and 13 nm respectively. Whilst, the performance observed for 0.2% tri-hybridnanofluid is the highest among the others. Hence, from the series of analysis, it can be concluded that the tri-hybrid nanofluids were successfully prepared and achieved good stability. It is suggested to continue this study by focusing on various of the concentration of nanofluids in order to maximise the heat transfer performance
Extraction of quercetin from Chromolaena sp using ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE)
No full textIn this study, the quercetin compound from Chromolaena sp was extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE). Quercetin is a member of flavonoid compound with high anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial that usually used in skincare product to provide strong antioxidant and UV protection for human skin. Ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction is a green technology, which expected to extract quercetin in shorter time, high extract yield and eco-friendly extraction technologies. There are two parameters studied namely; concentration of enzyme (cellulase) (0, 2, 4 and 6 %) and sonication time (0, 20, 40 and 60 minutes). The constant conditions are ratio of solid to liquid (1:10), duty cycle (25 %) and amplitude (60 %). Phytochemical screening present of more white precipitate in 40 minutes of sonication time and 4 % concentration of enzyme. From the experimental result, it was found that the optimum parameters obtained for the extraction of quercetin are 4 % of enzyme concentration and 40 minutes of sonication time for ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction method (UAEE). Based on HPLC analysis, the concentration for quercetin extract using 4 % concentration of enzyme was 0.3671 mg/mL while the concentration of quercetin obtained using 40 minutes of sonication time was 0.3198 mg/mL. The band spectrum from FTIR analysis that presented in standard and sample show the similar pattern that represented by the functional group of primary amides and carbonyl stretching vibration. From the results in this study, it was proven that UAEE is a significant method for quercetin extraction from Chromolaena sp
A Study on the chemical and physical properties of bioplastic from Dioscorea hispida (Ubi Gadong) starch
No full textEnvironment pollution caused by the long degradation of plastic waste has become a global environmental problem. One of the alternative ways to solve this problem is development of new plastic material from eco-friendly raw material. In the production of bioplastics, Dioscorea hispida (Ubi Gadong) starch shows great potential as a main ingredient source due to the high concentration of starch content. The purpose of this study is to extract and characterize the starch content from D. hispida tuber using chemical extraction method and enzymatic hydrolysis, respectively. The yield of starch content from the total mass of D. hispida tuber was 10.74%. While the starch concentration was 83.29% by using enzymatic hydrolysis. In this experiment, potential of D. hispida starch for bioplastic production at different ratio has also been investigated. The aspects that has been studied were contact angle analysis, water absorption, mechanical properties, biodegradability, and FTIR. Bioplastic with the highest glycerol level showed a very satisfactory results of physical, hydrophobicity, and biodegradability properties, while bioplastics with 3mL of glycerol content has the best mechanical properties. Bioplastic with the highest glycerol content gives 73.68% of water absorption. Complete degradation of bioplastic samples could be achieved on the 6th day of experimental. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of bioplastic component. The evaluation of the mechanical properties showed that the bioplastic containing 3 mL: 5g of glycerol: starch showed the highest tensile strength of 34 MPa and the maximum elongation of 6.580 mm
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish muscle from selected area of Kelantan River
No full textSeveral areas around Kelantan River such as Gua Musang and Tanah Merah have been expected as polluted area due to the mining activities and oil palm industries located near to the river. However, there are still lack of evidence to support this theory. Therefore, this study has been carried out to determine the status of water quality at Lebir River (Gua Musang), Kenerong River (Dabong) and Estuary at Kelantan River (Tanah Merah) by determination of physical parameter and chemical parameter namely aluminium, lead, iron, cadmium, and zinc. In addition, the concentration of heavy metals in different species of fish muscles from Lebir River (Gua Musang), Kenerong River (Dabong) and Estuary at Kelantan River (Tanah Merah) were also investigated to assess the pollution level. The results showed the concentration of Al and Fe in river water at Tanah Merah were exceeds the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, heavy metals in fish detected from the area of Tanah Merah shows the highest concentration compared to other areas. As conclusion, Kelantan River at Tanah Merah can be classified as the polluted area based on the heavy metals contents in the river water and fish muscles. These results can be used by Department of Environment (DOE) to monitor the pollution level in Kelantan River
Geological mapping in Kuala Betis Area, Gua Musang and seawater intrusion studies in Pengkalan Chepa using geophysical and geochemical method
Get PDFGenerally seawater intrusion is a natural process but this process can be exacerbated by human activities. Human activities such as over-exploitation of groundwater can be one of the reason of sea water intrusion. Seawater intrusion can affect the quality and quantity of fresh groundwater in shallow aquifers as seawater is one of contamination source for groundwater. Therefore, this research is important to identify the extent of seawater intrusion in Pengkalan Chepa using Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) and analyse the quality of coastal groundwater in Pengkalan Chepa using in-situ physical parameter. Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) method used by using ABEM Terrameter LS instrument to produce a 2D pseudosection imaging of the subsurface to distinguish the seawater-freshwater interface with configurations used such as Wenner-Schlumberger and Pole-dipole array. The result display the extension of seawater intrusion from the shoreline. Integrated together with in-situ multiparameter, the parameters such as pH, temperature, salinity, turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Electrical Conductivity were assessed. Using collected water samples, it is analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) to measure the concentration of trace elements such as copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), potassium (K), sodium (Na) and Iron (Fe). The results then correlated with the National Guideline of Groundwater Quality Standards by Department of Environment. Latest geological map of Kuala Betis area, Gua Musang was produced by using ArcGIS software based on geological data during geological mapping