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Consumers' perception towards meat substitution as a protein source in Kedah
No full textSustainable diets were not practiced in Kedah which might contribute to consumers' health problem. Over-consumption of meat gives impact to human health. The objective of this was to analyse the demographic of consumers' perception towards of meat substitution as a protein source. Next objective was to identify the most influence factor that contributes to the perception of consumers' towards meat substitution as a protein source. Questionnaire was developed based on knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey model. It was distributed to 384 respondents in Kedah where convenience sampling method was used. Findings were analysed through Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS).The reliability of the questionnaire was identified by using Cronbach's Alpha test and the result was 0.895, and indicating acceptable. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse demographic profile of respondents which included gender, age, marital status, education level, religion, race and monthly income. Exploratory factor analysis revealed seven underlying factors for meat substitution items. From this study, the most influence factor of consumers' perception was (I) quality and marketing, (2) health concern, carbon footprint and animal welfare and (3) healthiness of food and environmental measure. These three factors accounted for 40.4% of variance explained. Understanding on the most influence factor would help meat substitute producers to make improvement on their meat substitute products
Consumers’ awareness on food additives in packaged food in Kedah
No full textAdvancement in technology gives good impacts to the entire world, especially for the industrial sector. Food industries can be categorized into several groups which include food processing, food service, food manufacturing, and others. Food additives are used to give flavour to products besides adverse in extending products' shelf life. Food additives may give a lot of beneficial functions to the product but it also has the negative effect to the consumers if it is being consumed in long-term period. As a results, this problem has gained consumer and government attention. This study aimed to study the socioeconomic background of the respondents who consuming packaged food. Besides, this study also intended to investigate relationship between several characteristics of demographic and three variables which considered were knowledge, attitude, and practice. In this study, survey was conducted and the questionnaire was developed by using KAP survey model. The reliability of the questionnaire was checked by Cronbach's alpha. Convenience sampling method was used to sample a total 384 of packaged food consumers in Kedah for the survey. The data obtained were analyzed using Chi-square test via Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. The result showed that relationship existed for marital status versus attitude, and monthly income versus attitude towards food additive in packaged food. However, there were no significant relationship, for marital status and monthly income towards knowledge and also practice towards food additive in packaged food. For other characteristics of demographic like gender, educational level, the result showed that there is no relationship between the gender, educational level and the three variables which are knowledge, attitude and practice. This study is significant to give awareness about food additives besides gaining policymakers' attention on the importance of having program to help improve consumer awareness about food additives
Determination of carotenoids content from varieties of food waste using solvent extraction method
No full textAnnually, there was 1/3 of food lost from food supply chain of farm to table, causing economic lost and environmental impacts. In fact, bioactive compounds found in food waste such as carotenoids could be utilized for other beneficial purpose. An experiment was conducted to extract carotenoids from varieties of food waste, quantify them and determine their antioxidant properties. Food wastes preferred were carrot peel, mango peel, banana peel, orange peel and tomato skin whereas solvents used were acetone, ethanol and hexane. Acetone, the most effective solvent was preferred to extract carotenoids from each food waste with their absorbance values being measured using spectrophotometer. DPPH and ABTS assays were used to indicate antioxidant properties of each extract. The results showed that total carotenoid content in mango peel, orange peel, banana peel, tomato peel, and carrot peel were 11.924 µg/g, 11.446 µg/g, 10.308 µg/g, 0.459 µg/g and 0.344 µg/g respectively. In DPPH assay, antioxidant activities of banana peel, carrot peel, orange peel, mangoes peel and tomato skin were 86.714 %, 85.154 %, 81.728 %, 78.470 % and 28.754 % respectively. In ABTS assay, orange peel, mangoes peel, tomato skin, carrot peel and banana peel were with antioxidant activities of 94.872 %, 88.259 %, 87.449 %, 85.693 % and 85.255 % respectively. Food wastes with high carotenoid content and antioxidant activity can be utilized for value adding purposes such as food fortification, nutritional supplement and prolonging products' shelf life. Environmental problems due to food waste accumulation could be greatly reduced and data obtained could aid in future research
A study on PMMA-co-MAA hollow colloidosomes prepared via pickering emulsion method
No full textIn this modern day, there are many fields of application that use microcapsules in encapsulating active ingredients, especially for a targeted delivery purpose. Microcapsules can be in various form, and one of them is colloidosomes which has the outer layer or the shell made up from colloidal particles. Colloidosomes are favourable for microencapsulation as they offer significant flexibility which can effectively be used for controlled release delivery of active ingredients. Pickering emulsion is one of the earliest established way to prepare for colloidosomes. Pickering emulsion offers excellent stability and low toxicity in preparing colloidosomes, which is applicable in biomedical application. Pickering emulsion works such a way that the adsorption of colloidal particles onto surface of droplets of emulsion and will form the shells. In this study, a study on Polymethyl methacrylate co methacrylic acid (PMMA-co-MAA) hollow colloidosomes prepared via Pickering emulsion was conducted. This study is conducted in prior to prepare the hollow colloidosomes via Pickering emulsion and to characterize the sizes of the colloidosomes. There are a few parameters were studied such as concentration of structural polymer, concentration of surfactant, amplitude of ultrasonicator probe, oil to water (O/W) phase ratio and speed of homogenizer. The parameters were studied to study the effect on the sizes of colloidosomes. Results of the study shown that as the concentration of structural polymer and the oil to water phase ratio increased, the sizes of colloidosomes were increased. Different patterns were observed for the parameters of concentration of surfactant, amplitude of ultrasonicator probe and speed of homogenizer, as they were increased, the size of colloidosomes were decreased. The sizes of the colloidosomes and solid particles were observed under Optical microscope and further characterized by using Fluorescence microscope to observe the hollow core of the colloidosomes
Geology and analysis of slope stability using electrical resistivity imaging (Eri) in Lojing, Gua Musang, Kelantan
Get PDFLojing is located at Gua Musang district. The research objective is to update geological map of study area at Lojing, Gua Musang with a scale of 1: 25,000. The research second objective is to analyse slope stability of the study area by using Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI). In general, geological mapping include stratigraphy, structural geology, geomorphology and lithology of the study area. Rock samples were taken for purpose of petrographic analysis in laboratory. ArcMap 10.2 is used in digitizing and updating the geological map. The study area is consisted of rocks from Triassic period which are limestone, sandstone, mudstone, calcareous mudstone, tuffaceous mudstone, and siltstone interbedded with shale. Study area is cover with Gua Musang Formation. Geomorphology of the study area are mostly consisted of hilly area and mountainous area. There is no main river in the study area. For geophysical study, there were six survey lines at three different location of slopes. Two lines were conducted horizontally using Wenner array for 200 meters. Two lines were also conducted horizontally with Schlumberger array for 200 meters and the other two lines were conducted vertically using Pole — dipole array in 80 meters and 100 meters. ABEM Terrameter Lund System (LS) was used in geophysical survey. The current was injected to the subsurface through 41 electrodes. Based on the obtained data from the survey, the slope 1 and slope 3 become unstable due to presences of weathered rocks and the presence of water in the rock strata that disturb the pore pressure. Point load test is suggested to estimate rock strength and will produce more accurate justification about slope stability of an area
Geology and assessment of groundwater potential zones using GIS method in Lojing, Gua Musang, Kelantan
Get PDFThe groundwater resources are to support the water resources. Currently no continuous and active research is carried out to delineate this precious resource in the study area. In this case, an assessment was carried out to increase up the groundwater resources. So, as for this limited availability due to the improper strategic planning and mitigation of groundwater resources, Geographical information system (GIS) has become one of the main tools in the field of groundwater research which helps in assessing groundwater resources. A research entitled Geology and Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zones using GIS Method in Lojing, Gua Musang was conducted to find out the groundwater potential zone which covers area of 25km2. The aim of the research is to produce the geological map of the study area with scale 1: 25000, to identify parameters for potential zone of groundwater and to produce the groundwater potential zone map with scale 1:25000. The geological aspects involve the study of geomorphology, stratigraphy, structural geology, and historical geology of the study area. The geological characteristics were analysed through geological mapping method. The landforms of the study area are hilly and mountainous area with elevation 180m to 420m. There are four main lithologies in the study area which are granite, mudstone, quartzite and slate. The method used in generating the groundwater potential zone map is by using the Weighted Overlay Method (WOM). The parameters that trigger the groundwater potential zone were analysed and overlaid in order to generate the groundwater potential zone map. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data were used to extract the parameters. The results were classified into 5 classes: very low, low, moderate, good and very good. Based on the zonation map, the study area is covered with a low groundwater potential zone probability to occur
The assessment of public perceptions and attitudes towards water quality in Sungai Kedondong, Batang Kali, Selangor
Get PDFWater is essential to life. It needs to be treated properly. Yet water pollution is one of the most serious ecological threats on Earth that cannot be taken lightly. When the water ecosystem are polluted, it will not affect human health only but animals and plants also will be affected. The aim of this study is to assess the public awareness and perception towards water quality in Sungai Kedondong, Batang Kali, Selangor. The study involves perception, awareness, knowledge and attitude of public especially visitors towards water quality. 322 respondents involved in a survey to assess their opinion on water quality, however only 313 respondents completed the questionnaire form properly. The result showed that the respondents are aware that the river quality not in a good condition and is polluted with waste residue from the visitors' activities at Sungai Kedondong recreation area
Determination of microplastics in water body at Kelantan Bay and Pattani Bay
Get PDFMicroplastics debris (<5 mm) is a prolific environmental pollutant, found worldwide in marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystem. Interactions between biota and microplastics are prevalent and there is growing evidence that microplastics can incite significant health effects in exposed organisms. However, little attention was paid on the water bodies environment, though the fact that plastic debris can escape as wind-blown debris was previously reported. Thus, characteristics of microplastics in the water bodies fallout at Malaysia and Thailand bay were preliminarily studied. In this study, successive photography microscope and micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy equipped with Attenuated Total Reflection (µ-ATR-FTIR) were implemented to establish a highly accurate microplastics detection system. The method was applied to determine the presence of microplastics and characterize them according to their characteristics of plastics. In Kelantan bay, Malaysia, polypropylene microplastics being the most abundance ones, meanwhile, polyethylene microplastics were found to be the most abundance in Pattani bay, Thailand. The differences of microplastics found in both water bodies might be due to activities done near the bay
Modelling Golok River Water Quality using Multiple Linear Regression
No full textWater is an important source for the continuation of life for the living organisms and for the smooth functioning of ecosystems, communities and economics. The water quality has been an issue for quite a long time and to monitor the water quality, Department of Environment (DOE) in Malaysia uses the Water Quality Index (WQI) to ensure that it is safe for use. However, the parameters included in the WQI does not include the salinity, turbidity and temperature that could be the factors polluting the water. This research aimed to predict the water quality at Sungai Golok using Multiple Linear Regression and to compare the water quality models using secondary data and real-time sampling data in predicting the water quality. Real-time samplings were done at three points at Sungai Golok twice a month during July and August 2019 to obtain the value for real-time sampling data. In developing models, Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 20.0 software were used using Stepwise method. The result for secondary data model shows that as one value of COD increase, the WQI value will decrease for 0.180 in value, as one value of DO increase, 2.620 value of WQI will increase, as one value of NH3-N increase, 10.447 value of WQI will decrease, as one value of SS increase, 0.044 value of WQI will decrease, as one value of BOD increase, 0.737 value of WQI will decrease and as one value of temperature increase, 0.158 value of WQI will increase. For real-time sampling data, the result shows that as one value of SS increase, 1.053 value of WQI decrease, as one value of BOD increase, 1.500 value of WQI decreases and as one value of TEMP increase, 0.868 value of WQI increase. The water quality model developed from the secondary data was also found to be the best model in predicting the water quality at Sungai Golok as the variables in the model represent a larger percentage which is 97% compared to the model using real-time sampling data which is only 90.6%. Other than that, the variables included in the model using secondary data is more that the model using real-time sampling data making it to be more suitable in predicting water quality as it gives more accurate results
Pathogenicity of Vibrio alginoliticus on Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Post-Larvae
Get PDFIn recent years, aquaculture sector including prawn industry has developed rapidly in Malaysia. Malaysia government has pay high attention on this sector due to the static fisheries production and the potential of aquaculture to serve as national food. However, aquaculture sector has also facing issue and challenges including low quality of seed, depleted of wild stock population and also disease infection. In prawn industry, microbial disease are reported affects its production. Usually, diseases in prawn in ponds are caused by microorganism such as viruses, fungi, protozoan and bacteria. Vibrio bacteria are one of the primary pathogens reported to cause serious mortality in prawn hatcheries in Malaysia. In this study, the post larvae Macrobrachium rosenbergii were conducted with Vibrio alginoliticus to test the pathogenicity of bacteria in this prawn and to determine the median lethal concentration ( LC 50) of the bacteria. The present study showed that Vibrio alginoliticus were isolated from the fish diseases and was immersed to post larvae Macrobrachium rosenbergii at four different concentration 1.0x104 , 1.0x105 , 1.0x106 and 1.0x107 CFU/ml. Most of the infected post larvae Macrobrachium rosenbergii were died within 4 days. Based on pathogenicity test result, LC 50 was determined as 1.0x103 CFU/mL, while 1.0x104, 1.0x105, 1.0x106 and 1.0x107 CFU/ml. were started to convinced 100% mortality in the immersion challenge .The clinical sign were observed during the experiment including hepatopancreas and gross appearance of post larvae Macrobrachium rosenbergii such as lethargy, anorexia and slow growth development