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Correlation between substrates organic matter with number, size and age of Corbicula fluminea
Get PDFC. fluminea is a very popular traditional food for local community in Kelantan. Therefore, raw C. fluminea demand in local market is high. However, the sources of this raw clam is keep decreasing due to changes of their habitat and unsustainable harvesting. Therefore, this study is aim to determine the correlation of the organic matter at study area with the age and size of C. fluminea. C. fluminea and sediment samples collected at two stations with three lines per station by using harvesting tools and plastic bucket. The age of C. fluminea identified by calculating its annual rings and Caliper digital used to measure the height and width size of C. fluminea. Next, loss on ignition (LOl) analysis used to determine the concentration of organic matter in the sediment samples. The table used to represent the correlation between size and organic matter. Results shows, the composition of C. fluminae at all stations show the high collection during May till July with range width and length size is between 13 mm — 20 mm. 99% of C. fluminea collected was with age 4 years. Therefore, no correlation with the organic matter found. Based on line graph, a parallel pattern of size and organic matter at all station and line represent the positive correlated between the content of organic matter with the size of C. fluminea. This shows that the organic matter sediment might be one of factors that can influence the growth of Cfluminae. Therefore, it's recommended to harvest the C. fluminae after August to reach size 20mm which suitable size for harvesting and commercialize. Besides that, the organic matter content range from 0.1% to 50% is enough for the growth of C. fluminae. A plan and guideline of sustainable harvesting and organic matter control can be plan to ensure the sustainable supply of Cifiuminae in Kelantan
Digital mapping of UMK Jeli campus using drone technology
No full textAerial or satellite images are conventionally used for geospatial data collection and in producing a topographic map. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) such as drones have emerged as a suitable technology for providing very high spatial and temporal resolution data at a lower cost. Previously, drones have been utilized widely in the military but now it can be easily operated by the public community for mapping, monitoring, video capturing and as a hobby. This present study focuses on the utilization of drone technology to produce a digital map of UMK Jeli Campus. The objectives of this study are to access the capability and accuracy of the drone in producing a digital map. In this study, Parrot ANAFI device was used as a platform to acquire aerial digital images of the study area. After capturing the aerial digital images, ground control points were established with the aid of a handheld global positioning system (GPS) device. Then captured digital images were processed using Agisoft Photoscan software to produce a digital map of UMK Jeli Campus. Within this study, an area of 4.622246 km2 has been successfully been mapped. This study shows that UAV can be used for producing a digital map at sub-meter accuracy and it can also be used for diversified applications
Determination of antimicrobial activity by defence fluid of Globitermes Sulphureus on selected soil microbes
No full textSoil microbes are widely distributed in surrounding termite mounds, and subterranean termites need to minimize this potential pathogenic microorganism to maintain colony health. However, the information about antagonistic relationship between termites and microbes infection is limited and there are no previous study done on the defence fluid of Globitermes sulphureus Haviland. Therefore, this will be the first study about antimicrobial activity of defence fluid secreted by Globitermes sulphureus Haviland against the surrounding soil microbes. Antimicrobial properties of defence fluid were revealed by disk diffusion method and compare with gentamicin. The solvent used to extract the properties of defence fluid was High Performance Liquid Chromatography grade of methanol. The concentration of defence fluid solvent used was 0.5mg/ml, 1.0mg/ml, 5.Omg/ml and 10.0mg/ml to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and isolated mound soil bacteria, B001 and B002 were used as tested microorganism. The clear zone result showed that defence fluid crude extract had highest inhibitory effect against Bacillus subtilis followed by Escherichia coli, then Bacteria B002. The minimum inhibitory concentration of crude extract against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli was 0.5mg/ml while against B002 was 5.0mg/ml. At minimum inhibitory concentration, Bacillus subtilis shows 8.33±0.57mm, Escherichia coli show 6.67±0.57mm and B002 show 7.67±0.57mm diameter of inhibition zone. However, there was no inhibition zone at all crude extract concentration to against B001 because B001 had symbiosis relationship in mound soil. In statistical analysis, it concludes that there was no significance difference between antimicrobial activity of G. sulphureus crude extract and gentamicin disks. This study show that defence fluid had a great potential as natural antimicrobial agent as it have same antimicrobial effectiveness to gentamicin disk
Weeds Diversity In Oil Palm Plantation At Segamat, Johor
No full textThis research was conducted to study the weeds composition and diversity at three different oil palm plantation in Segamat, Johor. This study used nested quadrat method of 10m x 10m where only 1m x 1m of the area were used in collecting weeds species. A total of 19 families, 35 genera, 43 species and 4465 number of individuals of weeds species were found and recorded. The diversity index represented by Shannon Index, H' is 3.45 whereas the evenness index for the overall weeds species was 0.92. The highest weed diversity was observed at Kg. Sri Rahmat oil palm (H'-3.11) followed by Kg. Logah oil palm (H'=3.07) and Felda Medoi oil palm (H'=2.83). The overall species evenness for this study area was 0.92 indicating that the species distribution was relatively high. At Kg. Logah oil palm plantation, the species evenness is almost totally even (EH=0.98) followed by Kg. Sri Rahmat oil palm (EH=0.97) and Felda Medoi oil palm (EH=0.93). Both family Poaceae and Rubiaceae contributed the highest richness that were commonly found within the study area. Therefore, the composition and diversity of weeds recorded from this research was high. Besides that, this research also observed the diversity of weeds based on different weeds treatment in three oil palm plantation. There were several aspects that affect the weeds diversity such as age oil palm plantation, pruning treatment(canopy), management through usage of herbicide, type and usage of fertilizer and location of oil palm plantation based on different elevation. Therefore, this results of this study has demonstrated the successful weed control is essential for economical oil palm production
Distribution and anatomy of Zingiber spp. and Alpinia spp. in Jeli, Kelantan
No full textDistribution and anatomy of plants of genera Zingiber and Alpinia (family Zingiberaceae) were studied in Jeli, Kelantan. The distribution map of the flowering wild gingers has been done by using ArcGIS 10.3. Four flowering species that were found around Jeli namely Zingiber spectabile, Zingiber wrayi, Alpinia ja-vanica and Alpinia galangal. Without inflorescence, these four species were indistinguishable morphologically. Hence the species internal structures were also investigated at the anatomy level which involved the sectioning of tissues and viewing under microscope to determine the difference in anatomy structures of the species. The anatomy for these species of plant can be divided into few structural categories. The categories of anatomy are rhizome, pseudostem, root and leaves. From these categories, several parts of the wild ginger have been observed which include margin, lamina, midrib, abaxial and adaxial stomata. The structure and function of the different types of cells and tissues found in these species were also been observed. This study will provide baseline distribution data and the anatomy ofthe Zingiber spp. andAlpinia spp. besides the herbarium specimens that were done as references for the future downstream studies
Species diversity of pteridophytes in oil palm plantation at Segamat, Johor
No full textSpecies composition, diversity and richness of pteridophytes were observed in oil palm plantation at Segamat, Johor. The random sampling method was carried out with respect to age of three different oil palm plantation which is nineteen (19), ten (10), and nine (9) years old with ten 10m2 plots were established for each oil palm plantation. About 3762 numbers of pteridophytes from three different age of oil palm plantation consisting of 32 species belonging to 13 families from 20 genera were identified and recorded throughout this study. A total of 8 species were strictly terrestrial and 24 were strictly epiphytic pteridophytes. Throughout this research, 3 species recorded as Least Concern (LC) (Dicranopteris linearis, Lycopodiella cernua and Acrostichum sp.). The species richness in Kg. Sri Rahmat oil palm plantation was found higher than Kg. Logah and Felda Medoi oil palm plantation with 2.15, 2.10 and 2.09 respectively. The diversity index represented by Shannon Index, H', is 2.51 whereas the computed evenness index is 0.72 for the overall pteridophytes species. From the total recorded species of pteridophytes, the highest diversity is observed at the Kg. Sri Rahmat (H'=2.07) followed by Kg. Logah (H’-1.81) and Felda Medoi (H’=1.79). The species evenness for the overall study area recorded is 0.72 indicating the species distribution was relatively high within the plantations. At Kg. Sri Rahmat, the species evenness is nearly even (EH =0.73) whereas at Kg. Logah and Felda Medoi, the species evenness was less significant different (EH=0.66 and EH=0.65). Polypodiaceae and Davalliaceae families contributed to the highest richness of species and were commonly found within the study area. The checklist of pteridophytes species in three oil palm plantations were constructed to show the overall list of species distribution. Therefore, the plantation managements should conserve these pteridophytes species to enhance the plantations biodiversity and ecosystem while maintains higher and stable oil palm productivity throughout its life cycle
Determination of riparian vegetation species abundance along the river site of Lata Janggut, Kelantan.
No full textA riparian area is basically the area of contiguous streams and waterways, a remarkable between region among aquatic and terrestrial habitats. It is known to be one of the most vital habitats in tropical forest, besides as flood mitigation. However, there is not many studies have been done in Peninsular Malaysia and there is not more information on riparian vegetation. The purpose of this study is to identify riparian vegetation species found and to enumerate the riparian vegetation species along the river site of Lata Janggut. A 1 km transect-line was setup along the river site of Lata Janggut and all vegetation within the line was enumerated. Results showed a total of 2598 individuals represented by 36 families and 54 genera was recorded. Species with highest abundance was Sphaerostephanos larutensis from Thelypteridaceae family with abundance value, 47.2. In addition, Shannon-Wiener Index value recorded from this study was 3.03 which was included in the range of diversity index. Then, the evenness index was 1.75 followed by 4.09 Hmax value respectively. This results proved the diversity of vegetation in Lata Janggut with different abundance. Moreover, results also found the true riparian species from this study only comprise of 11.67% from the total number of species in Lata Janggut respectively. Apart from that, soil samples from different points were analysed and the parameters were recorded with lower concentrations
Production of compost using food waste from cafeteria, UMK Jeli campus
No full textAccording to FAO, there were 1.3 billion tones food wasted per year that includes all types of food such as fruits, eggs, vegetables and many more. in Malaysia, not less than 3000 food tons of food that are still fitting for consumption were thrown out daily. To reduce food waste and reduce methane gas that may produce from the land field, composting is indeed a good idea due to the natural breakdown process involve which raw organic materials changed into a humic substance that suitable for plant nutrients. 2 kg of vegetable waste and 2g of rice waste were cleaned and mix with 500m1 of EM and lkg dry leaf as a bulking agent. The compost had the 50.52% of OM, 29.30% of TC, 1.02% N, 0.51% P, 0.60% K and 28.64% CiN. This compost reaches its maturity in 57 days with a final pH of 6.8. Different type of compost was test on Choy Sum for its growth performance was observed and recorded. By applying compost, the plants grow better in terms of height, leaves and chlorophyll content compared to control and agriculture waste fertilizer
Analysis of pesticides residue in leafy vegetables at Jeli market, Kelantan
No full textPesticides are chemicals that widely used in agricultural practices in the field and post-harvest protection of the crops. It has been used for a long time ago until now. Pesticides are toxic materials designed to kill and reduce the weeds, insects, rodents, and fungi. There is a various class of pesticides that can found in the vegetable's crops. For example, organochlorine pesticides, organophosphate pesticides, carbamates pesticides, and synthetic pyrethroids pesticides. The extensive use of pesticides will cause harmful effects to health and environments. The research was conducted to determine the pesticide residue in the leafy vegetables. Nine leafy vegetables were obtained from Jeli Market, Kelantan. There was green Pak Choy, round cabbage, mustard, leaf lettuce, pennywort, sweet potato leaves, celery, purple cabbage, and spinach. The samples were extracted by Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and analyzed by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-S) to determine the pesticide residue. Several chemical compounds have found in the analysis. For example, Phytol, Erucylamide, Oleamide and others
Comparative efficacy of estrus synchronization between modified herbs and commercial herbs in goats.
Get PDFEstrus synchronization has ascend the popularity of animal husbandry field and gained significant recognition in animal breeding procedure. The advantages of estrus synchronization were increased goat heat and uniformed insemination time. Conversely, the commercial estrus synchronization procedure used (Controlled Internal Drug Release; CIDR), is time-consuming and may lead to abortion. The recent study using herbs for estrus synchronization was not prominent in our country, as the sources of commercial herbs used were not available locally thus increasing the cost. The objectives of the present study were 1) to determined efficacy of estrus synchronization using commercial and modified herbs and 2) to improve the pregnancy rate of goat by controlling estrus cycle. The female were assigned to two groups, (A) commercial herbs and (B) modified herbs. Female were fed with commercial herbs, modified herbs for group (A) and (B) respectively. The goats were fed for three consecutive day and the heat detection for 10 days were evaluated. The goats were then been mate by natural mating or (artificial insemination; AI). The pregnancy detection in goats was performed using ultrasound for accurate diagnosis. Results showed that the estrus detection in modified herb was highly significant in modified herbs compared to Ovifertin 46.67% vs 35%, respectively. Modified herbs continuously gave higher values compared to Ovifertin in all parameters.
Moreover, the percentage of pregnancy rate for modified was significantly higher with 100% pregnancy compared to Ovifertin with 75%. The pregnancy detection by using ultrasound was highly reliable and accurate. The experiment also revealed that the average of weight gain; AWG for both Ovifertin and modified were significant after pregnancy detection compared to before pregnancy. The development of fetus in goats influenced the average of weight gain in goats. In conclusion, modified herbs had proved to be a reliable alternative for Ovifertin in estrus synchronization