National Journal of Health Sciences
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Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in ?-Thalassaemia Major Patients with Secondary Haemchromatosis: Frequency and their Associations from a Developing Country
No full textAbstract: Objective: Diabetes mellitus is well-known endocrine complication of beta thalassaemia major patients. This study aims to determine the frequency of diabetes mellitus in BTM patients and to examine its association with age, height, weight, number of transfusions, serum Ferritin and total duration of blood transfusion. Methods: Fasting blood samples of BTM patients were analyzed for plasma glucose level by glucose oxidase method. Plasma fasting glucose level ? 126mg/dl on two occasions was considered as diabetes mellitus. Patients with fasting plasma glucose levels ranged from 100 to 125mg/dl were assessed further by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results: Of 188 patients, 151 (80.3%) were non-diabetic patients; frequency of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was found in 11 (5.8%) and 26 (13.8%) patients respectively. Higher age group (median age 12.5 years) (p-value < 0.001), frequency of transfusion (p-value < 0.001), total duration of blood transfusion (p-value 0.007) were found important risk factors. Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the importance of screening and monitoring of blood sugar levels in thalassaemic patients. However, it also provides an insight regarding its associations with higher age raised serum Ferritin and total duration of blood transfusions
Probiotics as Living Drugs to Resolve Urinary Tract Infections
No full textAbstract: The increasing consumption of probiotics is due to progress made in understanding the use of probiotics. In the past, probiotics were used to treat UTIs mostly because of an alarming concern regarding rise in antibiotic resistance. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are mostly use on a large scale nowadays. They are gut beneficial bacteria. These organisms have enzymes, H2O2, lactic acid, and other acids which are utilized as antimicrobial agents to treat digestive pain, eczema, tumors, and ulceration. Dairy-based products like milk, yogurt, cheese, ice cream, milk powder, dark chocolate, fermented milk etc., mostly contain probiotics. Samples were collected from different markets. All these samples were enriched for 24 hours following morphology observation by catalase test, gram staining and biochemical test. Antimicrobial activity was checked by measuring zone of inhibition formed by isolated species against uropathogens, namely E-coli and Klebsiella. A current study showed results that were probable to promote rate of UTI treatment in women who are above 50 years. It was found that natural products contain probiotics which allow the consumer to get their beneficial health effect. These probiotics colonize in the intestine and act as a barrier to prevent urinary tract infections
Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine: Prospects and Pitfalls
No full textAbstract: Stem cells are the cells that have the ability to regenerate themselves and are able to differentiate into one or more specialized cell types. This unique property makes them a valuable source for in vitro disease modeling, drug designing, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. As no specie can fully mimic the human microenvironment, human cell models derived from patients cells provide a fascinating avenue for enhancing our current understanding of the early molecular stages of various diseases followed by validating therapeutics. In this paper, we reviewed the role of stem cells in regenerative medicine that includes use of cord blood derived stem cells in medicine and patient specific induced pluripotent stem cells for future transplant purposes and the hurdles and obstacles that we need to address before we can safely use these cells for patient cure
Rare Transformation of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia into Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a 14-Year Old Patient
No full textAbstract: Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm. It is a common disease of elderly, rarely affecting pediatric, adolescent or young adults. The median age of presentation is 65 years. The incidence is 1?2 cases per 100,000 adults. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are highly successful and have good remission rates in the CML treatment; though multiple factors are associated with failure of treatment. We present a patient of 14 years old male who was diagnosed as CML. He was seven months into TKI therapy, transformed into B-Lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in Pediatric Population: A Rare Presentation
No full textAbstract: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is a very uncommon type of acute myeloid leukemiacomprising less than 10% of pediatric population. Acute Promyelocytic leukemia is a neoplastic proliferation of abnormal promyelocytes in bone marrow, caused by cytogenetic abnormality t(15;17). Majority of patients (80%) have long term survival, and death occurs in approximately 10% of patients in early course of the disease; mainly because of hemorrhage. Hemorrhagic complications can be reduced by appropriate therapy if started timely, which ultimately reduces the risk of death. We report a case of 7 years old boy with complaints of fever off and on for past 06 months, bruises and swelling on left leg for 1 week, blood containing vomiting for 1day. He was diagnosed as APL on bone marrow biopsy
The COVID-19: Yet another Viral Spill-Over of Unexpected Consequences
No full textThe human coronaviruses (CoV) are the causative agent of respiratory illness in human especially during winter and fall. They were first identified in 1960’s. The four corona strains i.e. NL63, 229E, HKU1 and OC63 accounts for about 30% of the annual common cold incidences ranging from mild to moderate illness in human worldwide. These are the largest RNA viruses from the sub-family Orthocoronavirinae of family Coronaviridae. Interestingly, the crown like spikes on their surface make them unique. So far four different groups of coronaviruses have been identified namely: alpha-, beta-, delta-, gamma- coronaviruses [1]. Beside the reported human-only beta coronaviruses HKU1 and OC63; lethal outbreaks of three other beta corona viruses i.e. Severe AcuteRespiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and SARS-CoV2 - viruses were documented. The later three viral strains were confirmed as evolved viruses from animal origin. The genetic diversity of these viruses is sought to be facilitated by recombination and mutational events within the intermediate host predominantly a mammal
Deletion 7q Abnormality in a Childhood Pre B All: A Case Report and Review of Literature
No full textAbstract: Aim: In childhood and adult acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome chromosome 7 aberrations are not an uncommon finding. But in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia it is rarely seen. In this case we identified a rare cytogenetic aberration in a girl with Precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Method: Ten and a half year old girl presented with complaints of fever for two weeks and generalized body swelling for ten days. She was anemic, tachycardia with mild hepatosplenomegaly. She had raised TLC-67x109/L with 52% blasts. MLL gene and BCR-ABL were negative. Result: Our patient cytogenetic analysis showed deletion 7q22-34. Conclusion: Studies have shown that the long arm of 7q from 7q22-q36 has many important tumor suppressor genes located on it. Thus its deletion results in increased Leukemogenesis propensity. It will be interesting to find any interconnection between myeloid and lymphoid clones and chromosome 7 abnormalities
Nurse Manager's Attitudes and Preparedness Towards Effective Delegation in a Tertiary Care Public Hospital Lahore
No full textAbstract: Background: Delegation is among the oldest concepts associated to professional and clinical nursing. With the rapid changes in the profession, delegation is becoming more important for nurse leaders and managers. It is highly expected from the manager nurses to effectively organize tasks of other health care workers and supervise them successfully. The ability of a nurse manager is very Crucial to the success of delegation among nurses. Objective: The main purpose of this study was, to assess The Nurse Managers’ attitudes and Preparedness towards Effective Delegation in a Tertiary Care Public Hospital Lahore. Method: A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to assess the knowledge of nurse managers, (nursing supervisors, head nurses,and charge nurses) working at Punjab Institute of Cardiology & Services Hospital Lahore. A convenient sample of n=150 was used to collect the data from both hospitals, (85) from PIC and (65) from SHL. A structured adopted questionnaire was used to collect data and study's questionnaire, Data used in this study consisted of two main scales as well as demographic data sheets were collected. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. Results: The results of this study reveals that majority of the participants, 88% were having positive attitude towards delegation who scored 35 or above on a scale of 55 total score, while 12% had negative attitude who scored below 35 on attitude scale of 55. The results of this study indicate that 82.67% participants had good preparedness, who scored 75 or above in a total of 100 score, while remaining 17.3% scored less than 75 and had poor preparedness
Case Report of Metastatic Colon Adenocarcinoma with Laryngeal Deposits
No full textAbstract: The larynx is known to be a very rare site for metastases of tumours of various regions due to its terminal position in the lymphatic circulation system. The last case of a massive transglottic deposit of the larynx with associated classical symptoms was described in 1997. Our case describes a unique clinical history of a laryngeal metastasis of colon adenocarcinoma without typical physical presentation but mimicking Paget’s disease. Due to its scarce appearance in clinical practice and medical literature, laryngeal metastasis of cancer can be an immense diagnostic challenge. The aforementioned case is a great contribution to the understanding and management of such patients
Pre-Marital Screening for Thalassaemia – Legal, Social and Technical Obstacles
No full textPre-marital or carrier screening before marriage conventionally refers to detect defective or diseased genes causing autosomal or X-linked recessive genetic diseases in the offspring, having significant morbidity and reduced life expectancy in the progeny. Despite miraculous advancements in medical sciences, most of the genetic disorders still remain a challenge for the medical scientist in term of cure