National Journal of Health Sciences
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Risk Factors and Complications in Measles Mortalities
No full textAbstract: To determine the risk factors and complications in patients expired due to measles. Background: Measles is one of the vaccine-preventable diseases. Mortality and morbidity due to it has been decreased in many countries with preventive measures. However, epidemics occur off and on in some communities. Pakistan has faced an epidemic in 2012-13. Started from one province and affected others. Due to some risk factors, Pakistani children suffered from many complications. Place & Duration: Measles ward, the Children`s Hospital, Lahore form February to June 2013. Methodology: All patients who were admitted and expired in measles ward were included in the study. A Performa was filled for each patient to document the risk factors and complications in affected patients. Results: 1075 patients were admitted. 44 expired. 27 were males. Minimum age of patients who expired was 3 months and maximum was 7 years. Maximum deaths were in group 4: 27% (12/44), followed by group 2: 23% (10/44). 30 (68%) were malnourished having weight less than 5th centile. 70% of the patients died within 24 hours (31/44) because of severity of illness. 82% (36/44) patients had contacts in families or society. 86% (38/44) patients were unvaccinated and only one patient received two doses (2%). 17 patients had co-morbid conditions. These were; cystic fibrosis, dilated cardiomyopathy, complex cyanotic heart disease, Gaucher`s disease, hypothyroidism, chronic renal failure, hepatitis (3), seizures disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, hydrocephalus, Aplastic anemia and severe nutritional anemia (3). Complications documented were; pneumonia (measles pneumonia with superadded bacterial infection) 100% (n=44), Encephalitis 47% (n=21), Enteritis 9% (n=4) and respiratory failure 4.5 % (n=2). Conclusion: Lack of vaccination is the most important risk factor for mortality, followed by malnutrition and co-morbid illness
The Effects of Osteoarthritis on Quality of Life (QoL)
No full textAbstract: Objective: Functionality and quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis undergoing total arthroplasty of the knee.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Ziauddin hospital, Karachi from April 2018 until August 2018, making up 40individuals who have osteoarthrosis of the knee with an indication for total arthroplasty and not being carriers of any other disease affecting the limbs lower. Two scales of evaluation were applied at two different times: pre and postoperative. Health status questionnaire (SF-36) and Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) was applied and answered in the preoperative period (on the day of surgery) and the sixth postoperative week.Results: Regarding the dimensions of activities of daily living and activities, sporting and leisure activities were not statistically significant. Our results go against the conclusions reported by Culliton [1], in a study of 13 patients submitted to TKA. The participants were evaluated before the arthroplasty and four weeks later and the results showed that there was a tendency for pain to decrease in that period.Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was a tendency to decrease pain in this period accompanied by an improvement in the quality of life. Taking into account the results obtained, and stressing the concept that quality of life is related to the state of health of the person and that pain and functional limitation caused by OA negatively influence the well-being and the performance of the activities of the person's daily life, it can be concluded that the TCA contributes to the improvement of the performance of the person
A Teenager of Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Fibrosis and Monosomy 7
No full textAbstract: Extensive fibrosis in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is relatively infrequent and associated with worst prognosis. It hasbeen classified as a specific entity by WHO. Moreover, the incidence and prevalence of Myelodyplastic Syndromes in children and adolescents is very low. Herein, we report a case of a 17 years old boy diagnosed as myelodysplastic syndrome with fibrosis along with ofmonosomy 7. Data pertaining relationship between myelodysplastic syndrome with fibrosis and karyotype abnormalities is relatively sparse. This case report will assist in considering better risk adapted therapies
A Case of Long Standing Unusual Elbow Pain, Diagnosed as Glomus Tumor on Biopsy: A Case Report and Review of Literature
No full textAbstract: Extradigital presentation of glomus tumors is not common. We are presenting the case report of glomus tumor around elbow and review of literature with regard to its clinical presentation, work-up and management. We also want to highlight glomus tumor as the essential part of differential diagnosis into patients having atypical pain around elbow joint
Transanal Removal of Misplaced Intrauterine Contraceptive Device
No full textAbstract: Intrauterine contraceptive devices are among the most effective forms of contraceptives worldwide. However few complications have been associated with it including uterine perforation which may lead to bowel injury. This is a case of 34-year-lady who had Intra Uterine Copper Device (IUCD) placed 6 years ago. She presented with feeling of strings of IUCD through anus, low backache, and non-cyclical bleeding per rectum for last four months. On sigmoidoscopy, a Copper-T Device was found lodged in anterior rectal wall, which was successfully removed with mild traction transanally. A simple clinical examination i.e digital rectal examination followed by proctosigmoidoscopy, diagnosed and led to complete treatment of the patient, with no post-operative complications
Disturbances in Serum Electrolytes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
No full textAbstract: Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a multi-factorial disease having widespread effect on various functions of body. Electrolyte imbalance is a major problem presenting in diabetic patients due to direct effect of hyperglycemia on these electrolytes. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the electrolyte imbalance in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.Methods: It is a prospective study, conducted at Department of Pathology, Indus Medical College. Tando Muhammad Khan between the periods of January 2018 to March 2018. A total of 290 patients were included in this study. Group A contains 140 known diabetic patients and Group B contains 150 normal healthy individuals. Blood samples of all patients were evaluated for HbA1c, serum sodium (Na), potassium (K) and chloride (Cl). Results: A total of 290 patients were included in the study. Male to female ratio was higher in both diabetic and control groups. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) was found to be higher in diabetic patients as compared to normal healthy individuals with statistically significant difference (p< 0.001). Sodium (Na) was found to be low in diabetic group as compared to normal healthy individuals with statistically significant difference (p = 0.02). Potassium (K) and chloride (Cl) did not show any difference in diabetic group and normal healthy individuals. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus has wide diversity of effects on major functions and cellular events. Electrolyte imbalance is a major problem in diabetic patients as disturbs the distribution of cells across the cellular compartments
The Knowledge of Standard Precautions among Nurses in Public and Private Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore
No full textAbstract: Background: Nurses and other healthcare workers are at risk of occupational hazards in the healthcare setting. Nurses are prone to expose with blood born infection like HIV, HCV and Hb B. Proper implication of standard precaution effectively control the hospital acquired infection. Aims: To assess the Knowledge of standard precaution among nurses working at private and public hospital. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among nurses in a tertiary care hospital at private and public sector. The duration of study was from February 2018 to May 2018. A self-structured questioner was used to obtain information from nurses. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 and the level of significance was at pvalue < 0.05. Results: Total respondent nurses were 201. Response rate rate was 98%. The results shows 42.3% of the participants in this study had poor knowledge, 40.3% have average knowledge, and 17.4% have good knowledge about the standard precaution. Total female participants were169 (mean knowledge score was 14.14) and male participant 32 (mean knowledge score was 16.13). The results show significant difference between female verses male participant were (p = 0.03). Total private hospital participants are 99 mean knowledge score was 13.45 + 3.863 and public hospital nurses included 102 mean knowledge score is 14.66 + 3.167 that is greater than private hospital. There is significant difference between public versus private hospital (p = 0.17). Conclusion: As the result indicate poor knowledge of standard precaution among nurses at private and public hospital. it is suggested to provide training sessions on infection control with hands on workshops. This is also suggested infection control topics should add in Nursing curriculum and PNC should take initiate post basic one year Diploma in Infection Control
Bickerstaff Brainstem Encephalitis. A Rare Entity in Children
No full textAbstract: Fisher and Bickerstaff, in the 1950s, reported some cases with distinctive features of ophthalmoplegia and ataxia. Bickerstaff’s Brainstem Encephalitis (BBE) is an uncommon nervous system disorder characterized by clinical signs and symptoms including acute ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and impaired consciousness. In Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis, hyperreflexia was noted which support of a central pathology
Factors Affecting Health Seeking Behavior and Health Services in Pakistan
No full textAbstract: Health seeking practices and well-being management has been considered and the determinants are divided into physical, financial, social and political environments. Health knowledge as well as the activities is the key elements that ensure high quality of health. The audit found clear practices that pursue differences in sexual orientation, social conditions, infection occurrences and family economic conditions. In this way, an evidence-based approach must be planned by establishing an understanding of the way happiness practices and social insurance are used, and giving enough credibility to all determinants. By focusing on the benefits (network) factors caused by environment, financial variables, training levels, social beliefs and the human service framework itself, it is feasible to improve the requirements for the use of solid behavior and physical medical services. Men are considered to be the main head of a family. Men’s instruction level is considered higher than women because men are dominant in our society