Namenkundliche Informationen (NI) (E-Journal)
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Ostmitteldeutsche Schlett-Toponyme im Spiegel von Besiedlungs- und Herrschaftsgeschichte und die Problematik ihrer Verifizierung1: Ein Beitrag zur Methodik der Namenforschung
Full text linkIn the German language, there are toponyms with initial elements that are largely similar or even completely identical in modern times. In this article, two names beginning with Schlett- from Central Germany are used to show that, in a Slavic-German contact zone, in certain cases the historicallytransmitted forms of toponyms do not reliably indicate their language of origin.This is due to the fact that the tradition begins late (14th century) and the phonetic syllables do not allow a clear differentiation with regard to primary suffixation or dialectally weakened case forms. In addition, the basic elements ofthe toponyms in the two source languages have two special features. First, they have a fairly identical structure: in both languages, they show the sequence of matching consonant phonemes, differing only in the vowel phoneme after thefirst two consonants. Second, the two lexemes underlying the formation of the name have a corresponding meaning in each of the two languages. For this reason, a number of facts derived from the history of settlement and rule and from church history and national history in the contact area are included in the article to clarify the original forms. The effort to verify their linguistic origin leads to the following result; in the case of one place in the language contact area, it must be assumed that two names temporarily existed which formed independently of each other and with an identical motivation and virtual homophony.In the case of the second place, an original form derived from a foreign language can be ruled out. Other toponyms with the element Schlett- from the Middle and Upper German-speaking areas are referred to for purposes of comparison and also as proof that other original forms could also lead to the present-day Schlett-
Namen und Informationsmodellierung in frühneuhochdeutschen Bergbaudokumenten
Full text linkNames perform a key function in texts: through their direct reference to extra-linguistic objects, they provide immediate information about who is doing what, who is affected by what, and about the places involved. Thus, names also play a key role in the computer-based processing of texts. For the use of semantic technologies, names and definite descriptions must be marked up in texts. This set of references to extra-linguistic objects is largely subsumed beneath the term ‚named entities‘ (NE) in information technology. This paper discusses, first, the technical processes, methods and possible ways of representing the contexts of large sets of names/named entities and, second, the challenges posed by allonymic and orthographic variants of names in text processing. Third, the substantive focus is on the differentiation between name and definite description in the Early High German mining documents „Schwazer Berglehenbuch“ and „Verleihbuch der Rattenberger Bergrichter“, which provide information on individuals, places, mines and dates linked by the legal act of lending
Böhnchen, Fritzi, Rumpel – Linguistische Aspekte von Pränatalnamen
Full text linkSociological research has revealed that naming foeten during pregnancy is a marker of social existence. It shows that social birth has been decoupled from biological birth. This article deals with the linguistic description of so-called prenatal names. The aim is to provide an overview of the naming process and the usage, form and function of these names. The very great formal diversity of prenatal names is due to the fact that they are unofficial and without obligation. Names based on an anthroponym (e. g. Anne, Pepe, Thomas) are used as well as names constructed without any reference to potentially official names (e. g. Bauchzwerg, Hummel, Es). Addressing the fetus and talking about it are clearly essential needs experienced by parents if they already conceptualize the fetus as an individual baby. The naming process also establishes, consolidates and represents a relationship characterized by affection and emotional closeness between the parents and the unborn child
Conrad Gessner (1516–1565) als Pionier der Namenkunde
Full text linkA resident of 16th century Zurich, the versatile Swiss physician,
naturalist and polymath Conrad Gessner (1516–1565) was at the forefront of
the knowledge production of his time. Best known as a botanist and zoologist,
his achievements in linguistics are also noteworthy. A major focus of Gessner’s
work on languages was the study of the names of plants and animals, individuals,
peoples and places. His writings contain hundreds of comments on and
explanations of names. Many of them are to be found in the Onomasticon propriorum
nominum (1544), in the Bibliotheca universalis (1545) and in the Mithridates
(1555). Unfortunately, his work on German personal names, Germanica
nomina propria, has been lost. Gessner follows ancient and medieval tradition
when explaining names mainly by associating them with other words with a
similar sound. As an avid compiler of existing knowledge, he adopts many etymological
explanations from other authors. The selection of etymologies from
Gessner’s work presented here shows that while he did not always have the
right answers to his etymological questions (in fact, he often did not), he was
asking the right kinds of questions - although his interpretation of names was
limited by a lack of linguistic groundwork so that he was unable to go back far
beyond ancient and medieval etymologists. His greatest achievements in this
field are perhaps the realization of the importance of names for the comparative
study of languages and a recognition of the need for any study of names to
start from a comprehensive collection of the material. His work goes far beyond
that of his predecessors in terms of his ambition to collect onomastic
materials and to analyse them in detail, e.g. regarding compound names. As
such, it helped to prepare the ground for what later became the scholarly study
of names
Die Vollnamenhinterglieder -mir und -mer in slawischen Personen- und Ortsnamen: Mit zwei Karten
Full text linkThe Old Russian personal names Volodimirъ, Vladimirъ and Volodimerъ
form the basis for this study. The origin of the second component
-merъ is controversial. Does it go back to Proto-Slavic *-měrъ or did it come
from the Germanic languages? Up to now the extent of its occurrence in the
Slavic languages has also been unclear. For this reason, more precise research
was conducted on the basis of personal and place names in the Czech, Old
Sorbian, Old Polabian and Polish language areas. Two place name maps illustrate
the results for the Czech area. The component -mer of compound names
could not be reliably verified in any of the four language areas. For South
Slavic, several old names with -mer were found in Greek sources. Together
with the few Old Russian compound names ending in -merъ this indicates a
Proto-Slavic origin for this component
Rezension zu Bernd Eigenmann, Nördlingen. Der ehemalige Landkreis
No full textBernd Eigenmann, Nördlingen. Der ehemalige Landkreis (Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Bayern. Hrsg. von der Kommission für Bayerische Landesgeschichte bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Schwaben, Band 15) München: Kommission für Bayerische Landesgeschichte 2020, 402 S., 1 Karte – ISBN: 978-3-7696-6593-2, Preis EUR 59,00 (DE)
Das Projekt Aus der Tradition in die Zukunft als Beitrag zur digitalen Namengeographie
Full text linkAs part of a cross-border project at the Jihočeská univerzita v Českých
Budějovicích and the University of Passau, similarities and divergences
were examined in place names, surnames, literature and social culture along
an old trade route between Passau (Czech: Pasov) and Budějovice (German:
Budweis). This makes it possible to trace the development of the relationship
between the two peoples of the border area back to the Middle Ages. In this
essay, we focus on place names and family names. Place names such as Czech
Čakov and German Groß Čekau were explained and classified typologically
on the basis of the documents and dialectal pronunciations elicited during the
project. In the area of family names, the development and spatial distribution
of names such as Janko are examined in order to trace linguistic exchanges
and changes in the contact area shared by the two ethnic groups/language
communities. A database and web application involving geographical multimedia
have been used to store, analyse and represent the research results. The
material collected can be displayed cartographically and evaluated according
to a variety of criteria. Concerning family names, the application is intended
to lay the foundation for a spatial representation not only of individual names
but also of etymological or semantical name groups as well as name formation
patterns. The results of this research have been made accessible via a web
browser and a mobile app
Die Schweizer Forschungsinfrastruktur ortsnamen.ch
Full text linkThe internet platform ortsnamen.ch (or toponymes.ch in French)
hosts Swiss toponymic data from scientific sources. Its main purpose, especially
in the beginning, was and is to archive regional toponymic projects and publish
them online. Recently the platform has added significant new data sources
to its database, and it has become bilingual with its new French version. In
addition to its website, ortsnamen.ch also makes its data available through
web services (REST API). It has grown to be an important and dynamic supraregional
research infrastructure for different scientific fields, as well as an information
platform for the wider public
Der Slawengau Rochelinzi im Licht der Ortsnamen: Ein Beitrag zur slawischen Frühgeschichte Sachsens: Mit einer Karte
Full text linkFollowing Slavic immigration in the 7th century a Slavic tribal region
developed on the lower Zwickauer Mulde river in the area of Rochlitz, the city
mentioned as urbs and burgwardus Rochelinzi by Thietmar von Merseburg
between 1014 and 1018. The region included 52 settlements, most of which were
on land between 61 und 71 ground control points, a few above that. Thirteen of
these villages had a name with the suffix -(ov)ici, three had a name of the type
Kosobudy/Žornosěky. These represent the oldest class of names and the centre
of the area. The later place names, with the suffixes -jь, -in and -ov based on
personal names, appear in the centre as well as on the outskirts, where a greater
number of place names based on appellatives are found. Some names such as
Zschauitz and Kralapp, along with many other place names between the Elbe
and Saale rivers, have exact equivalents in Bohemia and Moravia. They provide
evidence of the immigrants’ origin
Zur Frage der Slawizität einiger oberfränkischer Ortsnamen (Würgau, Gleußen, Feuln, Marktzeuln, Wirbenz) und Flurnamen (Külmnitz, Külmitz, Leubnitz)
Full text linkThe article is concerned with the etymologies of northeast Bavarian,
i.e. Upper Franconian, settlement names Würgau, Gleußen, Feuln, Marktzeuln
and Wirbenz and the microtoponyms Külmnitz, Külmitz and Leubnitz. While
tradition had it that the settlement names are of Slavic origin, a PhD thesis
published in 2016 claimed them to be of West Germanic origin. In the case of
the microtoponyms Külmnitz and Külmitz only a West Germanic etymology
had hitherto been presented, while in the case of the microtoponym Leubnitz
both a Germanic and a Slavic one had been proposed, with no final conclusion
reached. The article compares the Slavic etymologies with the West Germanic
ones and reaches the conclusion that neither of the West Germanic etymologies
proposed is more convincing than any of the Slavic ones. In the case of the settlement
names Feuln and Marktzeuln, however, each proposed etymology is
roughly as convincing as the other (though the author ultimately still sides with
the Slavic etymologies). In the case of the other names, the Slavic etymologies
are (clearly) more convincing than the West Germanic ones